1 . Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England on 8th January,1942.He went to school in St. Albans-a small city near London. Although he did well, he was never top of his class. After leaving school, Hawking went first to Oxford University where he studied physics, and then he went to Cambridge University where he studied cosmology(宇宙学). As he himself admitted he wasn’t very serious about studying. He was a very lazy student, and did very little work. However, he still achieved extremely good marks.
Hawking first noticed something was wrong with him at the age of 20. He started to bump into things, and often fell over for no reason. When he visited his family at Christmas time, his father was so worried that he was sent to hospital for a test. Finally, the result came back. Hawking had motor neurone disease(运动神经元病), an incurable illness which causes the muscles of the body to waste away. Doctors said he would die before he was 23.
At first, Hawking became extremely depressed. After a while, though, he began to see his life in a different way. As he later wrote, “Before my illness had been diagnosed(诊断),there had not seemed to be anything worth doing. But shortly after I came out of hospital, I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do.” Hawking married, found a job at Cambridge University, where he worked all his life, and had three children. He also went to do some of the most important scientific research ever carried out.
His story shows that nobody, however bad their situation is, should lose hope. “Life is not fair,” he once said.“You just have to do the best you can in your own situation.”
1. As a university student, Stephen Hawking _________.| A．worked extremely hard | B．studied maths and chemistry |
| C．was lazy and did very little work | D．only achieved average marks |
| A．he visited his family at Christmas time one year |
| B．he was 20 |
| C．his father made him see a doctor |
| D．he was sent to hospital for a test |
| A．Never lose hope even if it is a bad situation. |
| B．No pain, no gain. |
| C．You never know what will happen in life. |
| D．Life is full of challenges. |
| A．A Lazy Boy | B．Life Is Fair |
| C．Motor Neurone Disease | D．Professor Stephen Hawking |
1. 人物简介；
2. 主要事迹；
3. 所受启发。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, was born in 1930.
Since his graduation, Yuan
Today,
Though Yuan’s hybrid have made him quite
4 . By 2019, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) had founded for 70 years. Over the past decades, many people had made great contributions to the country’s development. On Sept 17, Chinese President Xi Jinping signed a presidential decree (主席令) to award (授予) national medals and honorary titles to forty-two of these contributors, including both Chinese citizens and foreigners. Eight people received the Medal of the Republic, six foreigners received the Friendship Medals, and 28 people received the National Honorary Titles (国家荣誉称号). Now let’s learn about four of the persons who got the Medal of the Republic (共和国勋章).
Shen Jilan is a lifelong lawmaker. In 1954, she became a deputy (代表) to the National People’s Congress. Since then, she has served at all 13 NPCs. She came up with the idea of equal pay for equal work between men and women. The idea was written into China’s first constitution (宪法) in 1954. | Sun Jiadong made great contributions toward developing Chinese satellite technology and space exploration. He was the chief designer of both the Beidou navigation (导航) system and China’s lunar exploration project. |
Zhang Fuqing was a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the Liberation War. He was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero. In 1955, he volunteered to work in a remote (偏远的) county in Hubei province and has been helping poor people there ever since. | Tu Youyou, a scientist, is known for winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. She got inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine theories and discovered artemisinin, a medicine that can be used to cure malaria. Her finding has saved the lives of millions. |
| A．the Nobel Prize | B．the Medal of the Republic |
| C．the Friendship Medals | D．the National Honorary Titles |
| A．Shen Jilan | B．Sun Jiadong |
| C．Zhang Fuqing | D．Tu Youyou |
| A．some friends | B．some patients |
| C．western medicine | D．traditional Chinese medicine theories |
| A．malaria is a kind of illness |
| B．Sun Jiadong only designed the Beidou navigation system |
| C．Shen Jilan’s 13 ideas were written into China’s constitution |
| D．Zhang Fuqing was twice awarded the the National Honorary Titles |
5 . There are many famous scientists in the world, some of whom are very young. Here are four hot young scientists working right now to change the world.
Rizia Bardhan
Rizia Bardhan is 29 and a post doctor at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Her research mainly deals with amazing possibilities of micro robots that can be used to cure diseases which are now untreatable. In an interview, she said that when she thought of science, she would think of major problems that she could help to solve.
Heather Knight
Heather Knight, the 28-year-old Chief Executive of the Marilyn Monrobot company, is performing new applications for robotics by casting her shows with robots. She considers humor to be one of the most important human features. Therefore, if she can teach humor to robots, they will be able to better connect with humans.
Imre Bartos
Imre Bartos is a 29-year-old Columbia University graduate student. As one of the young minds, he is remarkable enough to drive others crazy with envy. He studies everything from the formation of black holes to the physics of how mosquito eyes see the world. In the paper Hunting Black Holes with a Gas Cloud, he explains that a gas cloud meeting a black hole in its path will be partially eaten by the black hole. His task is to check the X-rays that are given off during the process.
Jeremy England
Jeremy England is a 36-year-old professor at MIT, a school that is known for its young genius. He is working right now on new ideas about the physics behind basic biology. He says that he wants to make sense of life at the molecular(分子) level.
1. What might be used to cure the untreatable disease?| A．Atoms. | B．X-rays. | C．Basic biology. | D．Micro robots. |
| A．To make new inventions. | B．To teach humor to robots. |
| C．To make it easier to communicate. | D．To make robots learn to show. |
| A．Jeremy England. | B．Rizia Bardhan. | C．Imre Bartos. | D．Heather Knight. |
Tuan was a farmer in Vietnam. For decades, he had been struggling to rid his family
One day, when skimming through a newspaper, Tuan read a comment on Yuan Longping. He underlined Yuan’s nationality and occupation, and then
The next year, Tuan was sunburnt but satisfied with
7 . The national outpouring of grief(悲痛) at the death of two legendary academicians(院士)over the weekend, as if people had lost beloved members of their own families, offers much food for thought.
At 1:02 pm on May 22nd, 2021, liver surgeon Wu Mengchao, 99, died in Shanghai. He is known as the founder of hepatobiliary surgery(肝胆外科) in the country and was the teacher of roughly 80 percent of the nation's experts and doctors specializing in liver surgery today. Wu operated on thousands of patients, and saved at least 16,000 lives. Five minutes later in Changsha, Hunan province, agricultural scientist Yuan Longping died at the age of 91. He was known as the father of hybrid rice who helped lift the nation out of hunger.
With their dedication to science and commitment to the people, the two devoted their lives to saving lives and improving people's livelihoods. Together with generations of their students, they not only made a big difference to the lives of the Chinese people, but also many living in other developing and least-developed countries.
Wu insisted that medical science is humanity while Yuan's lifelong dream was always to enable the Chinese people to fill their own bowls with rice. What makes Wu and Yuan great is not only their achievements, but also their shared attachment to the people. The public's spontaneous(自发的) outpouring of grief at their deaths, which has been rare in the country for decades, shows how much their down-to-earth dedication to improving people's lives touched hearts throughout the country.
Yuan and Wu are just two representatives of the large numbers of scientific workers that have devoted their lives to their research, giving the country's people-centered development principle with more practical meaning. The country needs more scientists to inherit and carry forward their spirit. Even those in other walks of life can draw inspiration from the two academicians' commitment to their dreams, care for the people, and unconcern about material enjoyment, so as to make the best of what life grants for themselves and others.
1. Which two fields do the Wu Mengchao and Yuan Longping specialize in?| A．Education and agriculture. | B．Medicine and social science. |
| C．Education and social science. | D．Hepatobiliary surgery and agriculture. |
| A．devotion | B．influence | C．exploration | D．respect |
| A．Because the modern Internet helped to spread the news. |
| B．Because Wu and Yuan are well known over the country. |
| C．Because people think it necessary to follow the sorrowful trend. |
| D．Because they made great contributions and shared selfless love to the people. |
| A．A sorrowful weekend |
| B．Let their scientific spirit live on |
| C．Two great academicians passed away |
| D．The great contributions of two great scientists |
8 . Stephen Hawking not only changed the way people thought about science, but he also changed the way people viewed
When Hawking studied at Oxford University, he had a
Luckily, he survived. However, after his diagnosis, his
Despite Hawking’s poor health, he made some important scientific
It was his
| A．nature | B．knowledge | C．disability | D．space |
| A．failing | B．recovering | C．shaking | D．growing |
| A．name | B．request | C．career | D．fantasy |
| A．Hence | B．However | C．Besides | D．Instead |
| A．inaccurate | B．boring | C．brief | D．unclear |
| A．relax | B．live | C．study | D．adopt |
| A．memory | B．mind | C．sight | D．health |
| A．preparing | B．refusing | C．obtaining | D．pushing |
| A．gradually | B．formally | C．mostly | D．apparently |
| A．experiments | B．achievements | C．conclusions | D．researches |
| A．persuaded | B．inferred | C．known | D．predicted |
| A．carefulness | B．creativity | C．potential | D．determination |
| A．visible | B．suitable | C．understandable | D．affordable |
| A．concentrate on | B．leave behind | C．live off | D．believe in |
| A．admit | B．share | C．forget | D．mourn |
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybridrice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of miliions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and somnetimes even had a serious
After
However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common
10 . This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
1. Which of the following statements about artemisinin is NOT true according to the passage?| A．It is an extract from sweet wormwood that can treat malaria. |
| B．It has improved people’s health. |
| C．It is a great discovery. |
| D．It has saved 100,000 lives a year in the world. |
| A．Determined. | B．Bold and brave. | C．Easy-going. | D．Polite. |
| A．How was artemisinin discovered and tested to treat malaria? |
| B．What contributions did Tu Youyou and her team members make? |
| C．What was the childhood experience of Tu Youyou? |
| D．Why did Tu Youyou decide to use the extract from sweet wormwood to treat malaria? |
| A．It is the effort of the whole team and traditional Chinese medicine. |
| B．It belongs to her hard work. |
| C．It turns out to be the great luck of her and her team. |
| D．It depends on the big support from the government. |
