1. 这位科学家是谁；
2. 你崇拜他/她的原因；
3. 你从他/她身上学到了什么。
注意：1.词数 100 左右;
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear friends,
I’m glad to be here to make a speech.
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2 . NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons — bacteria, viruses, and parasites (寄生虫) —claim millions of lives every year.
But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Ōmura for discovering avermectin (阿维菌素), a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (象皮病). Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin, a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
Ōmura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds (化合物) that work against harmful microbes (微生物). Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by Ōmura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, Ōmura and Tu helped to discover.
1. The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating ______.| A．river blindness |
| B．malaria |
| C．lymphatic filariasis |
| D．infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria |
| A．bacteria | B．plants | C．farm animals | D．ocean animals |
| A．It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin. |
| B．Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures. |
| C．Artemisinin has saved millions of people’s lives since its discovery. |
| D．Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad. |
3 . Huang Danian, the well-known Chinese geophysicist, was born in 1958 in Guangxi, China. As a keen and able student, Huang went to the UK in 1993 to further his studies.
By the time Huang moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 15 years. He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return to home driven by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country. As one of the world’s leading experts in deep earth exploration technology, Huang was invited to participate in the “Thousand Talent” programme. He took up a position at Jilin University, Changchun.
Huang was named lead scientist on China’s deep earth exploration programme, developing advanced cameras that can see through the Earth’s crust(外壳) so that it can be analysed without having to dig into it. He set up an advanced lab, sometimes paying for equipment with his own money. Some described him as a “lunatic” (a “madman”), but this passion(热情) and drive enabled Huang to push forwards China’s deep earth exploration technology into a world-leading position. Huang’s devotion contributed to China’s lunar probe(月球探测器) Yutu being landed on the moon in 2013 and the launch of the spacecrafts Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2 in 2016.
Huang's health also paid the price for his commitment to his work. He began having fainting fits(昏厥) in 2012, but paid them little attention, stating he did not have time to go to see a doctor——his work always came first. In November 2016, Huang fainted and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer. The disease was so advanced that he had just a couple of months to live.
Like the true scientist he was, Huang never gave up, but always tried to push forwards. Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students. Huang died in January 2017, aged just 58. More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate a life that burned so bright, but was so short.
1. Huang returned to China in 2008 because ________.| A．he desired to devote himself to his motherland | B．the “Thousand Talent” program attracted him |
| C．Jilin University offered him a top position | D．he wasn’t satisfied with the life in the UK |
| A．China’s aerospace development. | B．Huang’s working attitude and style. |
| C．China’s deep earth exploration technology. | D．Huang’s great contributions to China. |
| A．The working environment caused Huang’s disease. |
| B．Huang worked continuously despite his poor health. |
| C．Huang was taken to hospital after he fainted in 2012. |
| D．A large sum of money was paid to treat Huang’s illness. |
| A．Generous and honest. | B．Hardworking and determined. |
| C．Modest and courageous. | D．Passionate and patient. |
4 . John Von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and of solving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician, and so Von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D. in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry.
In 1930, Von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1933, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and he became one of the 6 full-time people in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others).
World War II hugely changed Von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure (纯粹的) mathematician. During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions. After the war, Von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died in 1957 of cancer.
Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.
Von Neumann really was a legend (传奇) in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of this legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”
1. According to the text, Von Neumann’s father believed that ________.| A．a mathematician couldn’t earn a lot of money |
| B．a mathematician needed a good memory |
| C．Von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time |
| D．Von Neumann had a gift for solving problems at a high speed |
| A．23 | B．26 | C．29 | D．32 |
| A．He realized the importance of engineering. |
| B．He began to research how to put mathematics into practice. |
| C．He left college and served at the government department. |
| D．He lost interest in chemistry. |
| A．calm | B．brave | C．intelligent | D．humorous |
Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great
6 . Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, and his achievement was even greater than only a few other great scientists have achieved. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (特性) of time and space and so on—but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.
By 1914 young Einstein had been world-famous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quietness were broken by World War Ⅰ.
Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
In the year following World War Ⅰ, honours were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble (谦逊的) manner. He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.
In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism (纳粹) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is________．| A．The difficulty of Einstein’s thought to others |
| B．The feeling of an American university president towards Einstein |
| C．The difference between science and history |
| D．The change in human thought produced by Einstein |
| A．Einstein achieved more than any other scientist in history |
| B．everybody understands Einstein’s scientific ideas |
| C．the new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyone |
| D．our ideas about the universe are different today because of Einstein |
| A．when Nazism rose | B．when he was young |
| C．during World War Ⅰ | D．after he left Europe |
| A．Germans usually have great respect for science |
| B．Einstein had other interests besides science |
| C．Einstein was forced to work again in 1918 |
| D．Einstein led a quiet life during World War Ⅰ |
1. When did Einstein study the violin?
| A．Between the age of 5 and 13. | B．Between the age of 6 and 12. |
| C．Between the age of 6 and 13. | |
| A．Shy. | B．Naughty. | C．Careless. |
| A．Einstein got along well with the other boys. |
| B．Einstein learned less in school than on his own. |
| C．Einstein was poor in all subjects in primary school. |
About 20 years ago, on the way to a student’s house, Zhang Guimei learned that a 13-year-old girl
Zhang Guimei wants children from the mountains to attend the best universities. She told the media a girl can influence three generations. “
9 . Isaac Newton is one of the greatest geniuses in history, though in his younger years, nobody would have guessed that he would grow up to become one of the world’s most brilliant minds.
He was born prematurely (早产) and quite small. He hated his step family. He went to a school that did not teach mathematics, and then later he was removed. His mother was widowed twice. She urged him to become a farmer, and he hated that too. He was a working student in college, doing odd jobs to pay for his education. And he graduated from Cambridge without honors.
He didn’t look outstanding at all, and neither was his story. But his mind saw more complex, and fascinating stories in the concepts of mathematics and physics. His plain life did not bother him at all.
Though he went through his Cambridge years with barely any honors, the inside of his study was found to have some of the most groundbreaking discoveries in physics and mathematics. He went on to discover many of his famous theories, including the generalized binomial theorem, power series, and infinite sums. He also observed the way light is refracted ( 折 射 ) by lenses and developed his own Newtonian telescope. Through his discovery of the Laws of Universal Gravitation and Laws of Motion, the field of physics was forever transformed.
If there was anything constant about the life of Isaac Newton, it wasn’t merely that his brain was large，but that it was continuously filled with wonder. Isaac Newton’s life was brilliant, not because of his wondrous adventures, but because he saw wonder in everything- from the minute details of mathematical philosophy, to how the world works. Truly, there is nothing boring or ordinary about a mind that seeks adventure in all things.
1. Which word can describe Issac Newton as a young man?| A．Ordinary. | B．Diligent. | C．Happy. | D．Intelligent. |
| A．His life experience was extraordinary. | B．He had a gift for math and physics. |
| C．He was good at making up stories. | D．He didn’t care about his grades at school. |
| A．Newton’s life was full of adventures. |
| B．Nothing Is impossible to a willing heart. |
| C．A brain good at discovery is never boring. |
| D．Newton had a brain larger than any other’s. |
| A．The Achievements of Isaac Newton |
| B．The Brilliant Life of Isaac Newton |
| C．Interest Is the Best Secret of Success |
| D．Hard Work Makes up for Lack of Intelligence |
10 . LONE TREE, colorado-patanjali Rao, a 15-year-old Colorado high school student and young scientist, who has used artificial intelligence （AI） and created apps to deal with social problems, has been named Time magazine's first-ever "Kid of the Year".
Time says Rao stood out for creating a world-wide community of young inventors and inspiring them to go after their goals. Rao insists that starting out small doesn't matter, as long as you have a passion （热爱）for it.
Rao's sense of invention started early. At age 12, she developed a portable device to discover lead in water. She has also created an app called Kindly that uses artificial intelligence to help prevent cyberbullying （网络欺凌）. It allows teens to type in a word or phrase to find out if the words they are using are bullying and lets them decide what they are sending.
She said that "Work is going to be in our generation's hands pretty soon. So if no one else is going to do it, I'm going to do it.”
Rao has partnered with schools, museums, and science, technology, engineering and math organizations, and other societies to work for thousands of other students.
In a world where science is increasingly questioned or challenged, Rao insists that devotion to science is an act of kindness and the best way that a younger generation can better the world. “We have science in everything we're involved in, and I think the biggest thing to put out there is that science is cool, innovating is cool, and anybody can be an innovator," Rao says.
"Anybody can do science.”
1. What do we know about Rao?| A．She has created apps to deal with mental problems. |
| B．She has set a good example for the younger generation. |
| C．She has been named Time magazine's "Youth of the Year”. |
| D．She thinks that only the younger generation can better the world. |
| A．Time waits for no man. |
| B．Ups and downs make one strong. |
| C．Passion and devotion help to promote excellence. |
| D．Good habits formed at youth make all the difference. |
| A．A newspaper | B．A diary. |
| C．A travel brochure. | D．A history book. |
