President Xi Jinping signed a presidential order on Tuesday to award four people national medals and honorary titles for their outstanding contributions
Zhong Nanshan, 84,
Zhong also has long been devoted to the research, prevention and
2 . On July 14, 2017, Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford professor of mathematics and the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics, died at the age of 40.
The news was especially hard-hitting for a generation of younger academics who have always held Maryam as a role model whose example is helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. What was fun was that
Maryam always tried to avoid the media’s spotlight. Her modesty (谦虚) and simplicity despite being the first woman to gain such high status in the world of mathematics — winning what’s often called the “Nobel Prize of math” — stood out to those who knew her.
Maryam originally wanted to be a writer, a passion of hers that never faded away even during her postgraduate studies. However, she found an even greater joy in how rewarding it felt to solve mathematical problems. As a student, she was the first female member of Iran’s national team to participate in the International Math Olympiad (IMO), and she won two gold medals in two years — still a record.
She received her bachelor’s degree in Iran and later studied at Harvard. In 2014, Maryam was recognized with the Fields Medal, the highest-ranking award in mathematics. Her work focused on curved surfaces like spheres (球体). Her achievements have applications in other scientific fields including engineering and material science. Unfortunately, at that time she was already tackling the breast cancer.
Maryam’s legend (传奇) may continue to grow after her early death. Still only 20 percent of full-time math teachers at U. S. universities are women. The example of a woman who rose to the top of this still very male field may help inspire math’s next generation.
In the same way people think of Marie Curie or Jane Goodall as scientific pioneers, Maryam Mirzakhani will go down in history as a trailblazer as well as a mathematical genius.
1. What makes Maryam internationally recognised?| A．Her unfading passion for writing. |
| B．Fighting against sexual discrimination. |
| C．Being the first female Fields Medal winner. |
| D．Coming under the media’s spotlight frequently. |
| A．Resistant. | B．Realistic. | C．Enthusiastic. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．She won gold medals for Iran in IMO. |
| B．She got her bachelor’s degree at Harvard. |
| C．She applied mathematics to material science. |
| D．She instructed some female students to reach the top. |
| A．Talent. | B．Model. | C．Follower. | D．Pioneer. |
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Person I Admire Most
As is known to us, there are lots of great people in China.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 . The next time you have cheese, remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad milk, and many diseases are caused by bacteria(细菌).
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. In his lifetime, he not only proved that bacteria are the cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination (接种疫苗) which has saved billions of lives.
When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera(霍乱) during his experiments, he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera had become weak. By the time he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He realized that a weak cholera helped his chickens develop an antibody against it.
Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All his research helped him develop different vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body comes across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight them off.
Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemistry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank.
1. What do we know about Louis Pasteur?| A．His discoveries weren’t used at his time. |
| B．He discovered the connection between bacteria and diseases. |
| C．He was a professor at the Pasteur Institute. |
| D．His discoveries brought many profits and awards to him. |
| A．Cholera was not a deadly disease then. |
| B．Pasteur spread cholera to chickens on purpose. |
| C．All chickens suffered from cholera died at last. |
| D．The weakened cholera couldn’t kill the living creatures |
| A．It builds up people’s body. |
| B．Without it, people will die. |
| C．It improves people’s ability to avoid diseases. |
| D．It can kill all the diseases and make the sick bealthy. |
| A．Because he wants to honour Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the world. |
| B．Because he wants to show the discoveries of the vaccination. |
| C．Because be wants to call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur |
| D．Because he wants to introduce an important invention in microbiology. |
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact
Qian returned to China in 1955 after he
Qian was
6 . Gerty Cori, the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896. Gerty decided at the age of sixteen to study medicine. She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen, from which she graduated in 1914, and then went to the Medical School of the German University of Prague. While in medical school, Gerty met Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research. In 1920, the two published the results of their first joint research, received their medical degrees, and married each other.
Gerty’s first research position was as an assistant in the Karolinen Children’s Hospital in Vienna. In 1922, Carl Cori moved to the United States to join the staff of the New York State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo, New York. Gerty Cori moved a few months later, starting as an assistant pathologist ( 病理学家) at the Institute and later rising to an assistant biochemist. In 1928, the Coris became US citizens.
In 1931, Carl Cori accepted the position of chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), while Gerty Cori was hired as a research fellow. In the early 1940s the Coris moved to the Department of Biological Chemistry. Gerty Cori was made an associate ( 副) professor of Research Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology in 1943. She was elevated to the rank ( 级别) of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947, the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on the metabolism of glycogen (糖代谢).
In 1947, Gerty Cori began showing the signs of myelofibrosis, an unusual blood disease. She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life. Gerty Cori died on October 26, 1957.
1. What can we learn about Gerty’s husband?| A．He shared the same interests with Gerty. |
| B．He moved to the USA later than Gerty. |
| C．He married Gerty while in medical school. |
| D．He studied pathology under the influence of Gerty. |
a. She moved to the USA.
b. She won the Nobel Prize.
c. She met her husband Carl.
d. She got a job in the WUSM.
e. She received her medical degree.
| A．e, a, c, b, d | B．c, e, a, d, b |
| C．e, c, a, d, b | D．c, a, e, b, d |
| A．Adapted. | B．Defeated. | C．Promoted. | D．Committed. |
| A．She was satisfied with her later life. | B．She was in poor health all her life. |
| C．She died of a common disease. | D．She was very mentally strong. |
7 . Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou.It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists — past and present — who actually deserve the prize.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Perhaps the most famous snub (冷落): the student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge.The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish.Recently awarded a £2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to The Guardian, “I feel I’ve done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize.”
Lene Hau
Hau is best-known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001.Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Hau’s year.
Vera Rubin
Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy.She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Wu’s “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity”.Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.
Lise Meitner
Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission.However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.
1. When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel?| A．In 1944． | B．In 1967． | C．In 1974． | D．In 1980． |
| A．Donna Strickland. | B．Jocelyn Bell Burnell. |
| C．Lene Hau. | D．Vera Rubin. |
| A．The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry. |
| B．Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry. |
| C．Lise Meitner’s teacher won a Nobel Prize for her work. |
| D．The five female scientists haven’t been awarded Nobel Prize. |
1.列举一位伟大的科学家；
2.伟大的原因；
3.你的感想。
注意：1.词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At age 5，Lin Qiaozhi lost her mother，
In1941, Lin Qiaozhi became the first Chinese woman ever
10 . Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England on 8th January,1942.He went to school in St. Albans-a small city near London. Although he did well, he was never top of his class. After leaving school, Hawking went first to Oxford University where he studied physics, and then he went to Cambridge University where he studied cosmology(宇宙学). As he himself admitted he wasn’t very serious about studying. He was a very lazy student, and did very little work. However, he still achieved extremely good marks.
Hawking first noticed something was wrong with him at the age of 20. He started to bump into things, and often fell over for no reason. When he visited his family at Christmas time, his father was so worried that he was sent to hospital for a test. Finally, the result came back. Hawking had motor neurone disease(运动神经元病), an incurable illness which causes the muscles of the body to waste away. Doctors said he would die before he was 23.
At first, Hawking became extremely depressed. After a while, though, he began to see his life in a different way. As he later wrote, “Before my illness had been diagnosed(诊断),there had not seemed to be anything worth doing. But shortly after I came out of hospital, I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do.” Hawking married, found a job at Cambridge University, where he worked all his life, and had three children. He also went to do some of the most important scientific research ever carried out.
His story shows that nobody, however bad their situation is, should lose hope. “Life is not fair,” he once said.“You just have to do the best you can in your own situation.”
1. As a university student, Stephen Hawking _________.| A．worked extremely hard | B．studied maths and chemistry |
| C．was lazy and did very little work | D．only achieved average marks |
| A．he visited his family at Christmas time one year |
| B．he was 20 |
| C．his father made him see a doctor |
| D．he was sent to hospital for a test |
| A．Never lose hope even if it is a bad situation. |
| B．No pain, no gain. |
| C．You never know what will happen in life. |
| D．Life is full of challenges. |
| A．A Lazy Boy | B．Life Is Fair |
| C．Motor Neurone Disease | D．Professor Stephen Hawking |
