1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In Diaoyu city, an ancient castle in Southwest China’s Chongqing, a special tour was conducted recently with a focus on damaged walls, old stones and ordinary-looking locations, rather than the photogenic spots     1     (normal) favored by tourists.

Ten people from four     2     (family) were invited to the new archaeology-themed study tour,     3     was organized by Chongqing’s institute of cultural relics (文物) and archaeology. The tour was designec     4    (bring) the cultural relics more vitality (生机) and develop the interest of participants in study ins history and archaeology     5     (office) data shows that Chongqing has about 26,000 immovable cultural relics and over 1.48 million movable ones. By the end of 2021, there had been 108 million state-owned cultural relics.     6     total number of world heritage sites in China had reached 56,     7     (rank) second in the world.

Other than the study tour, Chongqing has promoted the charm of history and culture, such as opening the country’s first archaeology-themed café     8     starting an immersive (沉浸式的) and theatrical experience in a historic structure.

Chongqing     9     (bring) 10 more historical sites into the range of archaeological tourism in the future. These tourist attractions     10     (expect) to inspire the interest of teenagers in history and archaeological culture.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Discoveries made during the latest excavation of Pit No.1 at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into     1     the world-famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made.

According to a recent report archaeologists     2     (restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors. They discovered that the arms of these figures were created separately and then attached to the bodies and covered in a layer of fine clay. The carving of fine details was completed     3     the arms were attached.     4     (additional), the pit has yielded a variety of weapons, including long-range attack weapons, shields for defense, as well as drums and drumsticks used for commanding soldiers.

“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together. Such     5     (wise) was unique to China,” Lv Qiuxia,     6     expert on ancient Chinese art, told the Global Times on Wednesday. Lv added that the way the warriors were made differed based on their social status and class. “When     7     (analyze) how they were made, we noticed that the warriors were divided into different classes. This contributes to research     8     the burial culture of the Terracotta Warriors.” the expert noted.

Through excavations, Chinese researchers have established the types and arrangement of weapons     9     (use) by the Terracotta Warriors as well as the formations and patterns of the     10     (mystery) underground army.

3 . Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn’t ask for typical new year’s gifts this year. _________, the little scientist requested cold-water waders (高筒靴) so that she could hunt for fossils (化石).

Molly _________ with her father and sister to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach on the early morning. Molly’s father, Bruce Sampson, has always been into fossil _________, and his daughters share his _________.

Molly has got an impressive collection of more than 40 _________ over the years. These fossils range from modern-day shark teeth to far _________ items, like megalodon (巨齿鲨) teeth. Molly herself has found megalodon _________ before, but on this day, she found one of the largest ones ever _________. She was standing in knee-deep water when she first saw the tooth.

“I saw something _________, and it looked like a shark tooth,” she __________. “We were about knee deep in the water.”

Molly reached for the tooth, but it was so big she __________ to take it out of the water. She felt “amazed” when she finally pulled it above the __________ and saw its size.

Now Molly is more __________ than ever to pursue a career in paleontology (古生物学) someday. Her mother says she hopes other girls will see Molly’s story and become __________ to get outdoors and study science, too. “We really want other kids to get excited about being outside,” said Alicia. This amazing find is a nicer __________ for this little young scientist’s new year.

1.

A．Therefore

B．Instead

C．Besides

D．However

2.

A．broke up

B．kept up

C．set out

D．found out

3.

A．stealing

B．crying

C．escaping

D．hunting

4.

A．doubt

B．regret

C．passion

D．happiness

5.

A．items

B．books

C．weeks

D．places

6.

A．younger

B．cleaner

C．older

D．uglier

7.

A．nose

B．teeth

C．hair

D．ear

8.

A．discovered

B．created

C．hoped

D．lost

9.

A．big

B．light

C．heavy

D．small

10.

A．screamed

B．worried

C．recalled

D．jumped

11.

A．ran

B．smiled

C．hurried

D．struggled

12.

A．earth

B．water

C．house

D．car

13.

A．shy

B．excited

C．humorous

D．afraid

14.

A．frightened

B．forced

C．surprised

D．inspired

15.

A．news

B．promise

C．wish

D．gift

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1968, many precious relics were unearthed in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty including the Changxin Palace Lamp, which is acknowledged     1     “the first lamp of China”.

The bronze lamp bears the shape of a girl on her knees     2     (hold) a lamp. The lamp plate is on her left hand while her right hand,     3     is covered by a loose sleeve (袖子), carries the lampshade. The brightness of the lamp and the direction of the light can be adjusted with a handle and it controls two movable shades.     4     (remarkable), the girl’s right sleeve traps smoke from the burning lamp oil     5     channels it into the hollow body where water is stored, thus preventing the lamp from polluting the indoor air. Apart from that, the six component parts of the lamp can all be taken apart, and     6     (be) easy to clean.

The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp provides a glimpse into China’s glorious past, showing     7     wisdom of ancient Chinese people as well as ancient China’s achievements in science and technology. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic flame lantern     8     (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. Being a perfect     9     (marry) of green initiative and the Olympic Spirit, it uses double glass and a hidden division channel     10     (reduce) the smoke and carbon deposition (沉积).

5 . A seven-word sentence was discovered on a 3,700-year-old comb (梳子),which is likely the oldest known sentence written in letters,according to a new study. The sentence is in Canaanite (迦南语),which is the source (来源) of later letter systems in European languages.

The comb was first discovered in 2016 in Israeli. However,it wasn’t until 2021 that a researcher from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem first noticed the words when checking the photo of the comb. The researchers were not able to directly date the comb. They believed it dated from around 1700 BC based on comparison of the letters with those on pottery (陶器) with a known age.

Garfinkel,a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,said,“The Canaanites invented the letters. Nowadays every person in the world can read and write using the letter system. This is really one of the most important achievements of humankind. When you are writing in English,you’re really using Canaanite.”

Small groups of Canaanite letters discovered on broken pieces of pottery before did not leave much room for further research on the lives of the Canaanites. But this find of a sentence written in the first letter-based language opens up the debate about the history during the ancient time period.

Garfinkel said,“The sentence was found on an ivory comb in the ancient city’s palace and temple area,which could suggest that only wealthy men were able to read and write.” The earliest writing system started around 5,000 years ago,which relied on hundreds of pictographs (象形文字) to represent words,ideas and sounds. Canaanites were the first to use letters in their writing system. “It shows that even in the most ancient times there were full sentences,which further suggests that Canaanites stood out among the early civilizations in their use of the written word.”

1. What do we know about Canaanite?

A．It has a history of 3,700 years.	B．It is the oldest known language.
C．Its sentences are in many languages.	D．Its letters are still in use at present.

2. How was the complete sentence in Canaanite found?

A．It was discovered on some pottery.	B．It was identified on a comb in 2016.
C．It was recognized when dating the comb.	D．It was recognized on a photo of the comb.

3. What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on?

A．The influence of Canaanite letters.

B．The rules of using Canaanite letters.

C．The problem in identifying the Canaanite sentence.

D．The explanation of the discovered Canaanite sentence.

4. What does Garfinkel think of the new discovery in the last paragraph?

A．Useless.

B．Meaningful.

C．Confusing.

D．Unacceptable.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

URUMQI-After packing some naan bread and    1     dented water bottle, Shan Zhizheng and his wife start up their motorcycle and head off to a cultural relic site,     2     (break) the silence that envelops the valley.

It’s a round trip of around 150 kilometers and    3     (they) starting point is the pastoral and farming landscape of Wenquan county in Bortala,Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region(维吾尔自治区).

    4     (know) as “a museum without walls”, Wenquan county is home to nearly 260 cultural relic sites under    5     (variety) levels of protection, including tombs, cliff paintings and    6     (ruin),    7     provide materials for researching the history of ancient northern nomads and tribes, according to the county cultural relic protection bureau.

Shan and his wife, Yuan Qin, are responsible for protecting one particular relic site that    8     (cover) about eight square kilometers. Once a week, the couple patrols more than 200 ancient tombs dating back     9     between the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) and the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220).

Their relic protection routine usually includes walking around the site to look for footprints and motorcycle tracks, keeping records of the tombs,     10     updating the local cultural relic authorities in a timely manner.

7 . Fossils are well preserved remains, impressions, or traces (痕迹) of animals and plants that lived long ago. Paleontologists (古生物学家) divide fossils into two main groups. Some fossils, called body fossils, show the structure of the plant or the animal. They form directly from the remains of plants and animals. Other fossils, called trace fossils. They record signs of animal or plant activities, such as walking, feeding, scratching, or even resting.

Most animals and plants don’t become fossils after they die. They break down into little bits or may be eaten by other animals. But some remains get buried too fast, avoiding those things happening. An animal might die near a body of water and sink to the bottom, where its remains get covered in sediment (沉积物). As sediment builds up, mineral-rich water seeps into the remains, leaving minerals in the tiny spaces of the bones and even replacing the original bones. The new minerals react with those in the animal’s remains and then harden into fossils.

Most fossils are buried deep in the Earth. As the Earth’s surface changes, scientists can dig up new fossils and learn more about past life and the Earth’s history. In rock that formed before a certain time, roughly 2.8 million years ago, scientists will not find human fossils.

Fossils are our keys to understanding prehistoric life and the Earth’s history. By studying fossils, we learn about a great variety of plants and animals that lived in the past. We can know what they looked like, how and where they moved and what they ate. By comparing fossils from different time periods, we can track the evolution of a species, see how it adapted to changes in its environment, and understand more about the climate and environment where the fossils were buried.

1. What can we learn from paragraph 1?

A．Fossils are remains of plants and animals.

B．Trace fossils only tell us the activities of animals.

C．Trace fossils form directly from the remains of creatures.

D．Body fossils show almost the original structure of creatures.

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A．Where we can find fossils.	B．How animals and plants become fossils.
C．Different fossils have different features.	D．Which methods are used to study fossils.

3. What does the underlined phrase “seeps into” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Engages in.

B．Succeeds in.

C．Delights in.

D．Sinks in.

4. What does the author think of the research of fossils?

A．Ridiculous.

B．Complex.

C．Significant.

D．Inspiring.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese cultural relic authorities on Thursday revealed some new discoveries from the mysterious Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province.    1    (recognize) as one of the significant ancient remains in the 20th century, the 3000-year-old Sanxingdui is a national treasure buried with a variety of jade，bronze(青铜) and gold objects. Among the excavated artifacts(出土文物)， a complete gold mask about 10 grams in     2     (weigh),37.2 centimeters wide,and 16.5 centimeters high    3     (unearth)from No.3 Pit a few days ago. The gold mask is    4       (basic)the same size as one of the bronze heads dug from the same pit. Therefore, experts assume it was initially attached     5     the face of a bronze head.

Meanwhile,     6    big bronze mask was excavated from the pit. It is the     7     (large) bronze mask ever discovered at the site. The bronze mask has struck the fancy of Chinese netizens,    8     comments on the hairstyle reminded them of the crown-shaped hat worn by Zhuge   Liang , a Chinese statesman and military strategist that lived during the Three Kingdoms period.

Totally; the archaeologists(考古学家)    9    (discover)more than 500 pieces of relics over the last few months, impressed with the historical     10     artistic value.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists in Peru have discovered the skull(颅骨) of an ancestor of modern-day whales. The fossilized skull is believed     1    (be) about 36 million years old. Researchers say the discovery suggests that the animal lived in an ocean once     2    (cover) Peru’s southern Ocucaje desert.

The scientists reported the skull was in good condition when     3    (dig) up last year. It has a series of long, pointy     4    (tooth), said Rodolfo Salas, chief of paleontology at Peru’s National University of San Marcos.

Scientists say the ancient mammal was a basilosaurus, which is in the cetacean(鲸目) family. The name basilosaurus means “king lizard(蜥蜴)” and the animal     5    (think) to have been about 12 meters long. But it was not a reptile(爬行动物) although     6    (it) long body might have moved like a large snake.

Salas called the animal “a marine monster” that may belong     7     a new species of basilosaurus. “When it was searching for its food, it     8    (sure) did a lot of damage,” he added.

Salas explained that when the ancient basilosaurus died out, its skull likely sank to the bottom of the ocean,     9     it was quickly buried and remained.

“Back during this age,     10     conditions for fossilization were very good in Ocucaje,” Salas said.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ancient footprints discovered in New Mexico indicate that early humans arrived in North America around 23, 000 years ago, researchers reported Thursday.

The first footprints     1     (find) in a dry lake bed in White Sands National Park in 2009. Scientists at the US Geological Survey recently analyzed seeds stuck in the footprints     2     (determine) their approximate age.     3     evidence suggested they were from 21, 130 to 22, 800 years ago.

The findings may help scientists solve a mystery that has long attracted scientists: When did people first arrive in the Americas, after     4     (leave) Africa and Asia?

Most scientists     5     (strong) believe that they came by way of a land bridge, now under water, that connected Asia to Alaska. According to various discoveries including stone tools and bones other researchers have offered a range of possible     6     (date) for human arrival in the Americas, from 13, 000 to 26, 000 years ago or more.

“    7     (we) study provides a more solid baseline for when humans were in North America, although they could have arrived even earlier,” they wrote in the journal Science, which published the study Thursday. “Fossil footprints are more     8     (rely) than cultural evidence.     9     we present here is evidence of a firm time and location.”

Based     10     the size of the footprints, researchers believe that at least some were made by children and teenagers who lived during the last ice age.