1 . A hungry badger (獾) searching for food seems to have uncovered what turned out to be hundreds of Roman coins in a Spanish cave, according to a new study.

Archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered several coins laying on the ground at the entrance to a small cave in the woodlands outside Grado in northern Spain in April 2021. The researchers suspect that the coins were unearthed by a badger from a nearby den (兽窝) after a heavy snow which made it harder for animals to find food. The hungry badger probably got into the cave looking for food but came across the coins instead.

After fully exploring the cave, researchers collected 209 coins dating to between the third and fifth centuries A.D. “To date, this is the largest amount of Roman coins found in n cave in northern Spain,” the researchers wrote in their paper. They described the discovery as an “exceptional find”.

In the late 1930s, a collection of 14 gold Roman coins, known as the Chapipi treasure, was also found in the same woodlands. The researchers believe that local people may have buried their coins to keep them safe during a period of intense political instability in the region. The most recent coin in the newly-discovered Grado collection dates to A.D. 430, which was after the Suebi—a group of Germanic people originally from modern-day Germany and the Czech Republic—pushed the Romans out of Spain in A.D. 409, according to El Pais.

The researchers suspect that the newly-discovered coins are part of a vaster treasure and will return to the cave for further exploration to look for more coins and evidence that the cave may also have been the home of displaced Roman people. “We want to know if it was a one-off hiding place, or if there was a group of humans living there,” lead researcher Alfonso Fanjul Peraza told El Pais.

1. Where did the researchers find the first few coins in 2021?

A．Near a Spanish cave.	B．On a Spanish playground.
C．At the entrance to a woodland.	D．In a badger’s den.

2. What do the researchers think of the discovery in 2021?

A．It’s dangerous.

B．It’s timely.

C．It’s meaningless.

D．It’s unusual.

3. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 4?

A．The Romans.

B．The coins.

C．The woodlands.

D．The researchers.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．More information may be revealed by the coins.

B．The ancient Roman people had a unique lifestyle.

C．The researchers doubt the former guess of the coins.

D．The researchers will return the coins to the Roman people.

2 . The researchers say they have discovered two huge magma chambers (岩浆库) under Wei Mountain in Heilongjiang. If it is true, it will be a surprising discovery since the volcano last erupted over 500,000 years ago.

Zhang Haijiang and his team visited nearly 100 sites across Wei Mountain. They were looking for magma, and they found an unusual signal from 15km underground, followed by another one at 8km. Their computer modelling suggested there could be two huge magma chambers with a depth of more than 9km. According to their research, 15 percent of the upper chamber is now filled with molten (熔化的) rock. Some studies have suggested that a volcanic eruption could take place when a chamber is filled to 40 percent magma.

They suggested that the volcanic activity in northeast China is likely to be in an active stage, and the active volcanic monitoring is needed to further understand the magma system in this area.

Xu Jiandong, director of the volcanic research, said seismic (地震的) stations had been monitoring this area for many years. "If there are really huge magma chambers in the area, we should have found some related seismic activities—When the lower chamber fills the upper one, there should be some movement," he said. "But so far, after decades of monitoring on the site, we've picked up almost nothing. The whole area has been very, very quiet," he added.

So did the researchers really find huge magma chambers? While the unusual signals found by Zhang's team looked like magma chambers, they could also have been caused by other things.

But what is for sure is that the area is active. It's like porridge boiling in a pot. But since the studies in recent years have suggested a low risk of immediate eruption in the area, the government has not set up seismic stations around. And it is certain that they aren't prepared for a big eruption over there.

1. What do Zhang Haijiang and his team say they've found under Wei Mountain?

A．Lots of frozen rocks.	B．Two magma chambers.
C．Nearly 100 volcanic sites.	D．A huge magma system.

2. What do we learn from Xu Jiandong's words?

A．They don't find any seismic activities.

B．The active volcanic monitoring is needed.

C．Their efforts to monitor volcanoes are useless.

D．Volcanic eruptions never happened in this area.

3. What does the underlined word "they" in paragraph 5 refer to?

A．Volcanic eruptions.	B．Zhang's team members.
C．The seismic stations.	D．The unusual signals.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．What Can Cause Volcanoes to Erupt in Northeast China?

B．Is Chinese Government Ready for Volcanic Eruptions?

C．Are There Magma Chambers Under Wei Mountain?

D．Is Active Volcanic Monitoring Needed in China?

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Generations of Chinese archaeologists     1     (make) fruitful findings in the past century. These findings range from the discovery of the Yangshao village site in Henan province in 1921,     2     (mark) the birth of modern Chinese archaeology, to the Sanxingdui site in Sichuan province.

The most     3     (significance) findings are recognized on the list of the top 100archaeological discoveries of China in the past 100 years. The list     4     (announce) by the National Cultural Heritage Administration at    5    opening ceremony of the third Chinese Archaeology Congress in Sanmenxia.

In     6     (add) to the Yangshao site, which dates back more than 5,000 years, and the Sanxingdui bronze civilization site from about 3,000 years ago, many names familiar    7     the general public were included on the list. Among them is the mausoleum (陵墓) of China's first emperor, Qinshihuang,     8     (know) worldwide as the home of the Terracotta Warriors.

Wang Wei, president of the Archaeological Society of China, said, “The past century has told us that Chinese archaeology has to stick to our own characteristies and become    9     (deep) rooted in the reality of our country." "These discoveries solved puzzles in their respective fields,    10     had wide influence at home and abroad," Wang added.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Archaeologists in northeast China’s Jilin Province     1     (discover) several ruins of the ancient Fuyu Kingdom in the Yong’an Site in the city of Jilin so far, according     2     the provincial cultural relics and archaeology research institute.

The Yong’an Site     3     (locate) in Fengman District of Jilin City. Archaeologists first found the site in 2018. So far, 1,000 square meters of the site have been excavated (挖掘). Archaeologists also found decorative bricks, tiles and other architectural components as well as the     4     (remain) of two houses and a well    5     (belong) to different ancient periods in the site.

The discovery of the well proves that the ancient people living in the area had     6     history of drilling and using wells no later than the period of the Bohai Kingdom (698-926). Through the excavation of the well, archaeologists restored the well drilling technology in this historical period.     7    (unbelievable), the excavated well is 7 meters deep.

It is rare     8    (find) house ruins of Fuyu Kingdom,     9     is an ethnic power in northeast China from the 2nd century BC to AD 494. It indicates that Yong’an site is a residential ruin of the Fuyu Kingdom. It also provides new materials for     10     (far) recovering the living scenes of Fuyu people and studying the surrounding ruins of the same period.

5 . Many people today think of the pyramids of Giza as the symbol of ancient Egyptian culture. But who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure. Now, however, archaeologists have discovered an ancient city near the pyramids. Close by, there is a cemetery (墓地) where the pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archaeologists are sure that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.    1    

It took about 80 years to build the pyramids. Archaeologists believe that about 20,000-30,000 people took part in the construction.     2     Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked on different teams, each with its own name. Workers often competed to see whose team could do a job faster.

“We can see that in their skeletons(骨骼),” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bones found in the cemetery. According to her research, the bones show signs of arthritis (关节炎)．    3     Archaeologists have also found many female skeletons in the ancient city and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to that of the men.    4     Male workers generally lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35. However, workers usually had enough food, and they also received medical care if they got sick or hurt.

    5     On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote Friends of Khufu. “It's because they were not just building the tomb of their king,” says Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a part.”

A．It still remains a mystery.

B．Ordinary Egyptians built them.

C．The workers took on different roles.

D．In fact, their lives may have been even harder.

E．They worked on the same jobs but competed to be the best.

F．The task was challenging, but builders were proud of their work.

G．This probably developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The latest archaeological (考古的) data surprised the archaeology world. It revealed that the Palace Museum ground     1     (rise) by one meter since it was first built about 600 years ago. The finding is seen     2     a major breakthrough in recent archaeological work by insiders.

The result was revealed at the Taihe Forum, focusing on civilization exchanges and mutual (相互的) learning. A total of 28 archaeological results     3     (display). Among them the most eye-catching was that     4     (compare) to 600 years ago during the early years of the Ming Dynasty Yongle Emperor, the ground of the Palace Museum was found to be one meter     5     (high).

The process of obtaining the result was not simple. “You have to be very careful when     6     (dig) in a place like the Palace Museum. Unlike normal archaeology, various     7     (task) should be carried out beforehand,” an insider told the Global Times.

Archaeology has been an important part of the Palace Museum in the recent decades. For years, the     8     (locate) of the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368) imperial palace (皇城) had been confusing to the experts and archaeologists. In 2016, the archaeology team made a breakthrough discovery by locating     9     exact position of the Yuan Dynasty imperial palace,     10     lay right under the Palace Museum.

7 . Chinese cultural relic authorities on Thursday revealed some new discoveries from the puzzling Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province, including a gold mask, a huge bronze mask, bronze statues and ivory carvings.

A complete gold mask 37.2 centimeters wide, 16.5 centimeters high and about 100 grams in weight was unearthed from No.3 Pit. The golden mask shares a similar size and the same facial features as one of the bronze heads unearthed before. "This golden mask might be a part of the face of the bronze head," Ran Hongling, head of the Sanxingdui Institute of Archaeology (考古), told the Global Times. Meanwhile, a large bronze mask, 135 centimeters wide and 74 centimeters high, was dug up from the same pit, which is relatively well preserved and it is the largest bronze mask ever discovered at the site.

Among the newly unearthed bronze statues from No. 4 Pit, one standing figure is being jokingly called the ancient "ancestor" of the popular Japanese superhero "Ultraman" due to the pointed crown (冠) on its head and his eyes that stick out. Another bronze statue has a special hairstyle that reminded people of the crown-shaped hat worn by Zhuge Liang, a Chinese statesman living during the Three Kingdoms period. And still another bronze statue has a unique pose. The figure is kneeling down with his head turned to the right and his hands are on the front left side of his body, but most interestingly, the figure is standing on the balls of both feet with his heels high in the air. The shapes and decorations of these bronze statues make them unique as valuable resources for the research of the ancient Kingdom of Shu, some 3,000 years ago.

Currently, the third and fourth pits have produced 729 and 1,073 relics, including three relics made from unknown materials. Meanwhile, 200 ivory relics have been discovered in the eighth pit.

1. What do we know about the bronze mask?

A．It is the most complete relic ever discovered.

B．It has the largest size of its kind unearthed at the site.

C．It was dug from the No. 4 Pit of the Sanxingdui Ruins.

D．It has the same facial features as a bronze bead previously found.

2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The significance of the bronze statues.	B．Similar images of the unearthed status.
C．The digging process of the bronze statues.	D．The characteristics of the thee bronze statues.

3. What makes one bronze statue look like "Ultraman"?

A．Its eyes and crown.	B．Its hairstyle.
C．Its unique pose.	D．Its crown-shaped hat.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．An ancient kingdom was newly discovered.

B．Mysterious Sanxingdui Ruins reveal more relics.

C．Sichuan Province is the birthplace of a new civilization.

D．New Sanxingdui pits catch the attention of archaeologists.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Archaeologists have discovered a wooden Mayan boat in southern Mexico, believed     1     (be) over 1,000 years old.

    2     (measure) over 5 feet (1.6m), it was found almost completely undamaged in a freshwater pool near the ruined Mayan city of Chichen Itza. The rare find came during     3     (construct) work on a new tourist railway known as the Maya Train.

Experts from Parises Sorbonne University have been helping with discovering the canoe’s exact age and type.     4     3D model of it would also be made to allow     5     (copy) to be made, and to facilitate further study.

The Mayan civilisation flourished (繁荣) before Spain conquered the region. In their time, the Mayans ruled large stretches of territory in     6     is now southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras.

The boat has been dated     7     830 AD and 950 AD, towards the end of the Mayan civilisation’s golden age.

Around this period, the Mayan civilisation     8     (suffer) a major political collapse, marked by the abandonment of cities     9     (dot) around modern-day Central America— leaving ruins of towering pyramids and other stone buildings.

No single theory for this collapse has been widely accepted,     10     it’s believed that a combination of internal warfare, drought and overpopulation may have been contributing factors.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

An ancient culture dating back more than 5,000 years proved China’s early exchanges with other societies, experts say.

Experts believe the Majiayao culture had a close     1    (connect) with other various cultures. They put it forward at a recent meeting     2     was held in Gansu Province. With more than 5,000 years of history, it plays an important role in the development of the Chinese civilization (文明). This culture spread to Central Asia through     3     is now China’s Xinjiang Province,     4    (bring) rice from China to the west.

Swedish expert Johan first     5    (investigate) cultural sites in 1924. In the 1940s, Xia Nai named the sites after the Majiayao, with painted pottery (彩陶) as     6    (it) most special feature. Some experts point out that the Majiayao culture     7    (obvious) shares similarities with the cultures of some parts of the Black Sea. People from these cultures used pottery     8    (make) human head sculptures.     9     addition, some Central Asian features also appeared on the painted pottery of the Majiayao.

Actions     10    (take) to protect the Majiayao culture by building museums, organizing meetings and doing more research so far.

10 . In his first year at Harvard, Manny Medrano made a big breakthrough. With the help of his professor Gary Urton. Medrano interpreted a set of six khipus, knotted cora (打结的绳子)used for record keeping in the Inca Empire(印加帝国).

The Inca Empire reached the height of its power in 15th- and l6th-century Peru (秘鲁). When the Spanish arrived, the Inca had established the largest and most complex society in the Americas, but they left behind no written records. The only ones the Inca are known to have kept are in the form of khipus. In 2002, Urton began Harvard s Khipu Database Project. He traveled to museums around the world to record the numbers of knots, lengths of cords, colors of fibers, and other details about every Inca: khipu he could find.

Urton says he and other researchers in the field have always had a general sense of what the khipus represented. Many had to do with census(人口普查) data. Others appeared to be calendar systems. But, until recently, none of the khipus Urton studied could be understood on a very detailed level.

A turning point came when Urton began looking into a set of six khipus from the 17th-centurySanta River Valley region of Northwest Peru. One day, Urton picked up a book and happened to spot a Spanish census document from the same region and time period. “A lot of the numbers that were recorded in that census record matched those six khipus exactly, Urton says. Then he couldn't help mentioning it to his students. Medrano, who was among these students, asked if he could help during spring break.

Urton agreed to allow Medrano to look into the Santa Valley khipus and the Spanish census. Medrano recalls looking through spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel. He noticed that the way each cord was tied onto the khipu seemed to correspond to(符合, 对应) the social status (地位) of the 132 people recorded in the census document. The colors of the strings also appeared to be related to the people's first names. After spring break, Medrano told his professor about his theories. Medrano worked with Urton over the next several months and the two wrote a paper together.

1. Why did Urton travel to museums around the world?

A．To gather data for a project.

B．To learn how to make khipus.

C．To help Peru connect with the world.

D．To collect khipus as one of his hobbies.

2. How did Urton probably feel after seeing the Spanish census document?

A．Excited.	B．Puzzled.
C．Grateful.	D．Relieved.

3. What did Medrano find out about the khipus?

A．Local people s first names came from Spanish

B．The colors of the strings tended to be the same.

C．How a cord was made differed in every period

D．How a cord was tied was related to one's social status

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．The Inca Empire had a long history.

B．The Inca Empire was a complex society.

C．A student assisted his professor in a technical paper.

D．A student uncovered the hidden secret of knotted cords.