1 . The world’s hottest rainforest is located not in the Amazon or anywhere else you might expect, but inside Biosphere (生物圈) 2, the experimental scientific research facility in the desert outside Tucson, Arizona. A recent study of tropical trees planted there in the early 1990s reported a surprising result: They have withstood temperatures higher than any likely to be experienced by tropical forests this century.
The study adds to a growing number of findings that are giving forest scientists something that’s been in short supply lately : hope. Plants may have unexpected resources that could help them survive — and perhaps even prosper — in a hotter, more carbon-rich future. And while tropical forests still face both human and natural threats, some researchers believe terrible reports of their approaching decline due to climate change may have been overstated.
“Biology is clever, ”says Scott Saleska, an ecologist at the University of Arizona in Tucson and co-leader of the Biosphere 2 study. “It’s a lot smarter than our models yet represent.”
The last few years have seen a flood of alarming reports about forests and climate change’s effects on them. Scientists have announced that the Amazon forest is no longer a reliable carbon sink; the Amazon rainforest may be nearing a tipping point; tropical forests globally are already close to the hottest temperatures they can tolerate and climate change is killing off old trees.
One thing is certainly true: Our fossil fuel emissions are creating a climate that humans have never seen and trees haven’t experienced in a very long time.“We’re pushing tropical forests into temperatures they’ve never seen since the Cretaceous — since there were dinosaurs,” says Abigail Swann, an ecologist and climate scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle.
1. Where is the hottest rainforest located according to the article?| A．In the Amazon tropical forest. | B．In a research facility in Arizona. |
| C．In the rainforest in Brazil. | D．At the University of Arizona. |
| A．Forest scientists still lack numbers of findings about rainforest. |
| B．Plants may not survive in hot and carbon rich future than expected. |
| C．Plants may survive in hotter and more carbon-rich environment. |
| D．People may overstate the climate change in the future. |
| A．We have never seen the climate change due to greenhouse. |
| B．The fossil fuel emissions may destroy the whole ecosystem. |
| C．The temperatures may reach as high as those in dinosaur period. |
| D．The fossil fuel emissions may create a climate plants can’t bear. |
| A．The world’s hottest rainforest in the wild |
| B．Plants may die of fossil fuel emissions due to mankind |
| C．The Amazon forest is declining quickly in the future |
| D．Plants may stand hotter temperature than expected |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\） 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I’m glad to introduce Ruby’s, Holly’s and Katie’s hometown to you all here. Ruby’s hometown is a small city, and has population of about one hundred thousand. There are not much cars, so it’s not noisy or polluting. There are many peaceful gardens what she likes to relax. Holly’s hometown is lovely and attractive, and people from all over the world likes to visit it. They go to there to eat delicious seafood, breathe sea air and swim. Katie’s hometown is an industrial city. There are neither ancient buildings and places of interest that could possible attract tourists. However, the most popular shoes among teenagers were produced there.
3 . On the roof of an apartment building in one of Gaza’s most crowded cities live two baby lions. One is male, the other female. They walk among the water tanks and eat chicken for food. Children play with the animals and some take selfies (自拍) with them. The baby lions have become pets for a 27-year-old bakery owner Naseem Abu Jamea. They have become popular playthings for many people in the neighborhood.
However, as children in his family and from the neighborhood played with the animals, Abu Jamea had little concern about the risks. “When you raise them as babies”, he said,“a harmony will grow between both of you.” This harmony, he added, would keep the lions from hurting him and others.
Abu Jamea said he got the baby lions from a local zoo but would not give more details. He did, however, share a dream of his.“It is my hobby. I was attached to them and I love to have them,” he said. He added he hopes one day to have his own zoo.
One animal doctor, Amir Khalil, has a different opinion. He has led several trips to Gaza with the animal welfare organization Four Paws to rescue mistreated zoo animals. “I advise the Gaza authorities to take away those lions,” he said. “At the age of six months a lion becomes more dangerous as his size gets bigger and his muscles become stronger.” Khalil also fears for the baby lions’ own welfare. He said lions raised in a home may not get the food and medical care they need. This could result in long-term health problems, especially difficulties with muscles, joints, and bones.
During the COVID-19 outbreak, zoos in Gaza have experienced a drop in the number of visitors. Without paying visitors, they are struggling to feed and care for the animals. Hassan Azzam is an official with Gaza’s agriculture ministry. When asked about the baby lions, he said the ministry does not know about any public objections to the animals. But he said the ministry would investigate.
1. What is known about the baby lions from the text?| A．They are taken good care of. |
| B．They are of opposite sexes. |
| C．Their lives are in danger. |
| D．They enjoy life with people. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Upset. | C．Suspicious. | D．Unconcerned. |
| A．The two baby lions being kept as pets. |
| B．The two baby lions being taken away. |
| C．The two baby lions being mistreated in the zoo. |
| D．The two baby lions living in harmony with humans. |
| A．Provide financial assistance for the local zoos. |
| B．Require the zoo to take back the baby lions. |
| C．Make a survey about the local citizens’ reactions. |
| D．Publish a statement to express their sorry and concern. |
| A．Sunny. | B．Rainy. | C．Snowy. |
5 . In a recent study, researchers at Germany’s Technical University of Munich（TUM）find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins. This is believed to be a direct result of the heat island effect, which is a situation where the temperature of the city is higher than the nearby rural areas. It’s mostly caused by the fact that buildings, roads, and many other things in the city take in a lot of sunlight and send out the sun’s heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies. A secondary cause is waste heat produced by heavy uses of energy.
For the study, TUM researchers studied 1,400 trees in 10 cities around the world, which were found in both city centers and nearby rural areas. Based on tree ring study, researchers found that city trees are growing faster than their rural cousins. But before the 1960s, both city and rural trees grew at about the same speed.“We can show that city trees of the same age are generally larger than rural trees because they grow faster. While the difference is about a quarter at the age of 50, it is still just under 20% at a hundred years of age,” lead author Hanz Pretzch says.
Researchers from TUM also found that in some cities, higher-than-normal temperatures have led to growing seasons that are more than eight days longer than the norm. This sounds like a good thing. But while fast -growing city trees are busy taking in CO2and providing relief from the heat, they’ re also aging and dying at a faster speed than rural trees. As a result, these trees need to be replaced and replanted more frequently.
Considering the valuable “ecosystem services” that city trees provide, planning and management should follow to make a change with today’s tree growth speed. Pretzch and his team set out to perform the study largely in response to United Nation’s report that the world’s cities will experience population growth of more than 60% by 2030. And with such fast growth comes a great need for city trees that make these cities better places to live in.
1. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?| A．Cities need more trees to reduce the temperatures. |
| B．Humans lead to trees growing faster in cities. |
| C．Trees need scientific planting in rural areas. |
| D．Greenhouse effect is too serious in cities. |
| A．Rural trees live twice longer than city trees. |
| B．City trees live for about 100 years at most. |
| C．Rural trees live much longer now than in the 1960s. |
| D．City trees grow faster at early years. |
| A．Cities suffer more easily from natural disasters. |
| B．The temperatures in cities will fall greatly. |
| C．City trees have a shorter life circle. |
| D．More people move to rural areas. |
| A．Taking better care of urban trees |
| B．Planting more trees in urban areas |
| C．More researches to be done on urban trees |
| D．Urban trees growing faster than rural trees |
6 . Several years ago climate change was a controversial subject with many people insisting it didn’t exist. Today, few people doubt that the climate is changing in uncomfortable and dangerous ways.
For me, living on an island off the west coast of Canada, climate change didn't directly affect me. That changed this summer. There are always a few wildfires in the forests of Canada in summer but this year has been exceptionally bad as we’ve had, for practical purposes, no rain at all. Then the fires started and many families have lost their homes to the flames. In early August we woke up one day to a heavy smoke from the mainland. It was dark for several days. By September, again the sun has been blocked by smoke, this time from Washington and Oregon in the United States. The smoke has covered us for about a week.
In the more than twenty years we’ve never before had this happen. Now we’ve been blanketed by smoke twice in one summer. The change in our climate is clear and it doesn’t bode (预兆) well. Already our seaside town is putting regulations in place and making plans to deal with a rise in sea level. However, if the sea level comes up more than a few meters we could have big problems.
I don’t pretend to understand all the causes of climate change or the best ways of fixing it if, indeed, it can be fixed. It is, however, becoming increasingly noticeable. Last night we were supposed to be able to see the Northern Lights but the smoke prevented that. But there’s some good news. I have just noticed that for the first time in months it is raining.
1. When did the author begin to be affected by climate change?| A．After the smoky days. | B．In August this summer. |
| C．On arriving at the island. | D．When the first fire broke out. |
| A．It found the causes. | B．It solved the problems. |
| C．It made a prediction. | D．It took some measures. |
| A．The coming of the rain. | B．Seeing the Northern Lights. |
| C．The best way to fix the weather. | D．The appearance of heavy smoke. |
| A．Causes of Climate Change | B．Climate Change Hits Home |
| C．Global Warming Is Less Serious | D．Ways to Deal with the Rising Sea Level |
7 . The number of snow geese arriving in the Arctic each spring to breed has risen over the past few decades. At first, wildlife biologists saw this as an environmental crisis, pointing to marshes（沼泽地）where plants were eaten by the hungry birds, and the federal government responded by loosening restrictions on snow goose hunting across the country. But how do the Inuit（因纽特人），in whose backyard this is taking place, and for whom fresh goose eggs and meat are among the pleasure of an Arctic spring, view the situation? A recent study is bringing Inuit wildlife experts and scientists together to look for common ground on managing the species.
The snow goose study asked experts in Coral Harbour and Arviat, on the north and west coast of Hudson Bay, to share their generations of knowledge about snow geese and their views on what should be done. “ The community had concerns about controlling the population," says Ron Ningeongan, a community officer for the Kivalliq Inuit Association in Coral Harbour, "and Inuit snow goose knowledge had never been recorded. People wanted to pass on what they knew. "
The Inuit experts rejected the idea of a cull(选择性宰杀），considering it wasteful of the geese and unnecessary for the environment in general, but felt that hunting more geese in an organized way—for instance, paying local hunters a minimum amount of money and distributing the birds to disadvantaged families or operating a limited commercial hunt that would employ local people—would be appropriate.
The Inuit say that while there may be too many snow geese in some areas, it's not a crisis. Biologists now generally agree that there seem to be plenty of undamaged marshes available and newer research shows that some damaged areas can recover.
Conservation planners for the three migratory bird reserves in the area will use the study's recommendations, which is an excellent example of how indigenous （土著的） knowledge can strengthen wildlife management Johnson says.
“Now that we have recorded and documented Inuit knowledge of snow geese," says Ningeongan. "when facing the crisis again, other people will be able to use the information to help manage the species, which is fundamental to dealing with it effectively. ”
1. Why did the federal government looben restrictions on snow goose hunting?| A．To create more marshes. | B．To protect ecosystem. |
| C．To make more profits. | D．To wipe out the hungry birds. |
| A．Regarding too many snow geese as a crisis. |
| B．Never organizing large-scale commercial hunts. |
| C．Employing poor families to hunt more snow geese. |
| D．Using snow goose hunting to man's best advantage. |
| A．It's unpredictable. | B．It’s hard to get better. |
| C．It's too discouraging. | D．lt's a bit promising. |
| A．The crisis. | B．The species. |
| C．Inuit knowledge. | D．Inuit research. |
8 . 假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处.错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写上该加的词.
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉.
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词.
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词）
2 .只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.
Four months ago I am walking on the campus when I heard two students saying that Mrs. Wu, whom had been teaching us English for two years, would retire the next month.
I returned to the classroom and shared the news for my classmates. To express our thanks to Mrs. Wu for her patient teaching, we agreed on a celebrate after a heated discussion.
After school we began to make fully preparations. I went to the flower shop, where I bought a bunch of flowers. represents our love and respect for our dear teacher. One of my classmates had some PowerPiont slides make, which included a number of photo recording the touching moments we spent together.
When she came into the classroom on Wednesday morning, and all of us stood up. I presented the flowers to her. With tears in her eyes. Mrs. Wu greatly moved by what we did! She said her feelings were beyond words.
1. 活动时间：2. 活动内容：3. 交通工具。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
10 . Western conservation groups are seeking stricter laws to deal with trade in endangered wildlife, but Dr. Paul Jepson warns that this isn’t the best solution. He highlights the case of the Bali starling (八哥). Bringing in tougher laws created unexpected outcomes, which contributed to the bird’s extinction in the wild in 2006.
He said that the traditional law enforcement (执行) approach that outlawed (宣布……非法) ownership of the Bali starling in the 1980s and 1990s increased rather than reduced the demand for wild-caught Bali starlings. The bird has become a popular gift among the rich of Indonesia, who can gain more status by owning one.
Instead, a case-by-case analysis might be needed. Last year, he said, a bird association set up a network of breeders (饲养者) among the owners of Bali starling on the island of Java. By introducing a “crowd-breeding” model, it transformed the bird into a species whose price and source of supply were publicly known. This lessened the status of keeping such birds and thereby reduced their profitability to black market suppliers.
Another case was on Nusa Penida, an island southeast of Bali. A Balinese conservation group planned to release starlings on the island. Critics tried to block the plan, saying the island was outside the birds’ native zone. Eventually, the Governor of Bali came up with a proposal. The starlings were given to a local temple as a ceremonial offering before they were released. This gave the Bali starling status as a “sacred bird”, giving them protection under customary laws. Now the released starlings established a breeding population on Nusa Penida.
Dr. Jepson commented, “I do not want to criticize the international approach seeking tighter law enforcement, but this case study shows we should not oversimplify how we respond to the problem of the wildlife trade. There is a growing body of evidence that shows more different approaches are sometimes needed to fit with the local social and political realities. We should tailor solutions on more of a case-by-case basis.”
1. What might speed up the wild Bali starling’s extinction in 2006?| A．The bad natural environment. |
| B．The side effect of strict protection laws. |
| C．The debate over the wildlife trade. |
| D．The popularity of the bird in the world. |
| A．To block the strict laws passed by the government. |
| B．To cut off the supply to the black market. |
| C．To make the Bali starling less profitable. |
| D．To increase the demand for the Bali starling. |
| A．It implies there’s more than one way to solve a problem. |
| B．It advocates stricter law enforcement. |
| C．It has attracted close attention of conservation groups. |
| D．It is acknowledged as the best solution to illegal wildlife trade. |
| A．Stricter enforcement is needed for the biodiversity of Indonesia |
| B．The Bali starling comes back to Nusa Penida |
| C．Cutting off the market for the illegal wildlife trade |
| D．Tougher laws to reduce wildlife trade are not enough |
