1 . On Earth Day, people around the world work to help our planet. But April 22 isn't the only day this happens. Many people, including kids protect the Earth all year long. Read about some inspiring stories, then decide how you will make a difference.
Justin Sather, 10, from Los Angeles, California
When he was 5, Justin learned that his favorite animal’s habitat was in danger. So he hopped into action. He started a group called For the Love of Frogs and sold toy frogs to raise money. Justin said that frogs are an " indicator species" which means that when their habitat is threatened, they show signs of illness earlier than other animals. "Frogs are telling us our planet really needs your help, "Justin added.
Aadya Joshi, 16, from Mumbai, India
When Aadya was 13, she changed a junk lot in her neighborhood into a garden by using plants native to the area because native species attract native insects and animals. " The way to fix the habitat isn't just to plant any tree," she says. "It’s to replace what was torn down from that spot. " Now Aadya is leading the Right Green, an organization she founded to educate people about growing native plants and maintaining healthy ecosystems.
Xavier Baquero-Iglesias, 11, from Naples, Florida
While playing with friends on Astroturf (artificial grass), Xavier noticed it was super hot, much hotter than real grass. Xavier used his knowledge of science to figure out why. Then he invented SoleX Turf which uses the heat from Astroturf to make electricity. Xavier says his invention creates electricity in a way that’s less harmful to the environment, "I wanted to find a way to reduce the effects of climate change and the main way is to find renewable energy sources. "
1. What do the underlined words " indicator species " in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Frogs living in damaged habitat. |
B.Animals like frogs facing extinction. |
C.Animals suffering from deadly illness. |
D.Creatures monitoring environmental changes. |
A.Planting more trees. |
B.Growing native plants. |
C.Changing junk lots into gardens. |
D.Preventing foreign insects and animals. |
A.It can make Astroturf cool. |
B.It helps reduce electricity waste. |
C.It can bring down the price of electricity. |
D.It makes electricity in a pollution-free way. |
A.Activities on Earth Day |
B.Kid Heroes for the Planet |
C.Organizations for the Ecosystem |
D.Benefits of Protecting the Farth |
2 . To look inside an ant nest is to meet with an alien civilization. The boiling mass of worker ants beneath an upturned stone is both strangely reminiscent of (联想到) human society and strikingly different. There is an organization that fascinates us and a long line of myrmecophiles (or ant lovers) leads back all the way to King Solomon, who in fact advised people to “go to the ant, consider her ways and be wise”. This was exactly the inspiration behind Planet Ant, a TV program showcasing what we know about the kingdom of ants, and what ants can teach us about the human world.
Like us, ants build structures, find food, defend their societies and manage waste, and-also like us-they must be well organized. For example, the leaf-cutting ants of Planet Ant have special waste disposal areas for storing harmful waste and a team of “waste-disposal ants” dedicated to keeping the nest clean. But ants achieve this familiar final result in a very different way to humans. Human societies have centralized control. In other words, someone tells us what to do. Ants, on the other hand, have decentralized control and neither the queen nor any other ant directs work. Ant workers are the final self-starters, following specific, but potentially flexible, rules in certain situations.
Chemical trails underpin much of this self-organization. Foragers (觅食者) lay a mix of chemicals known as trail pheromone (信息素) behind them as they walk. Other ants follow the trail and if they find food they reinforce it, laying more pheromone as they return to the nest. Stronger trails are more likely to be followed, so trails leading to food become progressively reinforced, while trails with no food at the end fade away.
This combination of positive feedback and evaporation (蒸发) produces an effective foraging system that is very good at finding the quickest routes to food. This simple guiding principle, and others like it, have provided some useful solutions to the complex problems faced by engineers, computer scientists and businesses.
1. Why does the author mention King Solomon in the first paragraph?A.To provide a background. | B.To show admiration for him. |
C.To stress the wisdom of ants. | D.To explain an abstract theory. |
A.They get orders from their partners. | B.They choose to do only routine tasks. |
C.They strictly follow the queen’s orders. | D.They follow their own senses and certain rules. |
A.Decide. | B.Support. | C.Develop. | D.Calculate. |
A.It comes from the food resources. | B.It appears before ants’ self-organization. |
C.It leads the following ants to food. | D.It helps ants find their way back home. |
3 . The artificial lighting which lines the world’s coastlines could be having a significant effect on species that rely on the moon and stars to find food, new research suggests.
Creatures such as the sand hopper orientate(确定方位)their nightly migrations based on the moon’s position and brightness of the natural night sky. However, a study by Bangor University and the University of Plymouth shows the presence of artificial light coming from cities several kilometres away (also known as artificial sky glow) disrupts the lunar compass they use when covering long distances.
In some cases, this can lead to animals travelling towards the sea and away from food, while in others it reduces the chance of them risking out for food at all. Writing in Current Biology, researchers say this could throw a clear threat not just to the health of sand hopper populations (沙蚤种群)but also the wider ecosystem, since they play an important role in breaking down and recycling algae (海藻)washed up on coastlines.
Dr. Thomas Davies, Lecturer in Marine Conservation at the University of Plymouth (UK), said, “Artificial sky glow is the most geographically widespread form of light pollution. Surveys have shown it can currently be detected above 23% of the world’s coasts nightly, and with coastal human populations set to at least double by 2060, its effects are only going to increase. Our results show it is already having obvious effects on biological processes that are guided by celestial(天上的)light signals.”
Through the study, researchers find increasing proofs that light pollution from coastal cities can influence marine species inhabiting nearby beaches, rocky shores and even the seafloor. These results highlight how massive city lighting could be in shaping the ecology of coastlines kilometres distant from their nearest urban centres. They also highlight the potential for artificial sky glow to affect other species that undergo migrations using the moon as a compass.
“While our understanding of the effect of street lights on nature has improved greatly, artificial sky glow has been largely overlooked. More work is urgently needed to fully understand the degree to which it is shaping the natural environment.” Dr. Thomas.
1. Which of the following could best replace “disrupts” in paragraph 2?A.disturbs | B.makes |
C.unites | D.replaces |
A.Light pollution is more serious in coastal cities. |
B.Artificial light has been widely used in the world. |
C.Artificial light is of great use to animals’ migrations. |
D.Light pollution caused by artificial sky glow is on the rise. |
A.It is the main pollution in cities. |
B.It shapes the ecology of the ocean. |
C.It has a great effect on surroundings. |
D.It affects the migrations of sea creatures. |
A.It is useless. | B.It is quite necessary. |
C.It is doubtful. | D.It is challenging. |
4 . When I first came to Rochester from Austin, Texas — a place where fall is practically non-existent — I was excited for a real northern fall. But, I wasn’t
Regardless of this
Everyone
This oncoming change is why I think it is so important to
A.interested in | B.exposed to | C.ashamed of | D.prepared for |
A.accident | B.possibility | C.shock | D.motivation |
A.beyond | B.against | C.for | D.after |
A.rare | B.real | C.hard | D.strange |
A.take in | B.pick up | C.call back | D.refer to |
A.shift | B.conclusion | C.improvement | D.experience |
A.spoil | B.keep | C.turn | D.avoid |
A.cold | B.warm | C.hot | D.cozy |
A.prevents | B.expects | C.urges | D.suspects |
A.grateful | B.creative | C.considerate | D.comfortable |
A.luckily | B.actually | C.helpfully | D.instantly |
A.terrible | B.casual | C.unpleasant | D.valuable |
A.questions | B.emphasizes | C.recalls | D.analyzes |
A.relax | B.change | C.harvest | D.rest |
A.steadily | B.hardly | C.helpfully | D.narrowly |
A.if | B.since | C.as | D.before |
A.control | B.describe | C.appreciate | D.hide |
A.process | B.disadvantages | C.fear | D.result |
A.disappointing | B.puzzling | C.gone | D.broken |
A.inside | B.forward | C.backward | D.outside |
5 . A study shows that the more eco-conscious way to shop is going to a physical store rather than by making purchases online from companies that don't have physical stores. Researchers estimated that shopping at physical stores for frequently bought items such as toilet paper, shampoo and toothpaste, often results in less greenhouse gas emissions than ordering the products from a company that only sells through the Internet.
The main reason is because of how people shop online: Many buy items online frequently — but they only buy a few items per purchase. Frequent online purchases produce more packaging waste, and online items tend to come from different distribution centers. Both factors result in higher greenhouse gas emissions per item.
The team modeled their research on the movement of goods from the factory all the way through to the end consumer. They analyzed the carbon footprint of the "last mile delivery" for the three most popular types of shopping channels in the United Kingdom — physical stores, "brick & clicks" (when people order online and a physical store delivers the items to them) , and "pure players” (strictly online sellers). Included in the three models were greenhouse gas emissions estimates from the number of products bought, transportation, warehouse storage , delivery and packaging activities.
The analysis showed that total greenhouse gas footprints per item purchased were higher from physical stores than those from bricks & clicks purchases in 63% of the shopping events but lower than those of pure players in 81 % of shopping events in the United Kingdom. In the United States, greenhouse gas emissions from shopping at physical stores were also estimated to be higher than from the brick & click channel, and lower than the pure play channel, on average.
This pattern holds true in countries where people mostly drive. It really depends on the country and consumer behavior there.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?A.To persuade the readers. | B.To show the research conclusion. |
C.To compare two shopping ways. | D.To state the reason for this study. |
A.It is not convenient. | B.It is a waste of money. |
C.It causes packaging waste. | D.It results in air pollution. |
A.By making comparison. | B.By doing experiments. |
C.By giving an explanation. | D.By making a survey. |
A.Shopping by car. | B.Buying in physical stores. |
C.Dealing with “pure players". | D.Purchasing from "brick & click. |
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修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
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Fires swept across the Amazon this month have been grabbing global headlines. Scientists and environmentally groups are worried about that they will result in climate change and threaten biodiversity. As a largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called “the lung of the world”. It is also home 3 million species of plants and animals and million of local people. Quantities of rainforests play an important role in the world’s ecosystem because it absorb heat what will be reflected back into the atmosphere. They also store carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, insuring that fewer carbon is released, reducing the effects of climate change.
7 . Waste sorting is a complex phenomenon that can be an important step toward a global circular economy. Maybe it even will be something we will look back on as one of the first steps toward an ecological society.
But sorting of waste could also mean participating in an activity that gradually weakens sustainable development by allowing unsustainable companies to use recycling as a way to pretend they are sustainable.
When Royal Dutch Shell, British-Dutch oil and gas company, wanted to dump an oil rig in the ocean in 1995 many people in Europe had just started to separate glass bottles and newspapers. The company’s plan was viewed as a sign of arrogance. The incident led to an important meeting, after which many companies started including environmental factors in their risk assessment.
The situation is different today. It is no longer clear if the kind of waste sorting done in Western nations is part of the problem or the solution. There are areas where the sorting of waste is working reasonably well, for example the glass and metal industries. But at a time when we are looking at a transformative system change and global sustainability, there is a need to fundamentally rethink waste sorting.
In the coming decades, the world needs to eliminate (消除) the use of fossil fuels, become more resource efficient lift billions out of poverty and ensure greater equity. In order to ensure this, we need a resource-efficient circular economy, and waste sorting can play a key role. But that should be a very different kind of waste sorting.
China could initiate the next generation of waste sorting systems. Such a waste sorting system would be a driver for innovation and extreme resource efficiency and a true step toward ecological civilization.
1. Waste sorting is a complex phenomenon because ________.A.it is an important step toward a global circular economy |
B.it means economy and may be an activity that gradually weakens sustainable development |
C.it is a first step toward an ecological society |
D.it is slowly moving into the center of conversation |
A.The dumping of oil rig. |
B.Separating glass bottles and newspapers. |
C.Including environment when assessing risks. |
D.Starting waste sorting in European countries. |
A.the sorting of waste is working well in some areas |
B.a transformative system change and global sustainability should be considered |
C.the western recycling system does not fit for the whole world |
D.people are concerned about greater equity |
A.To introduce Western recycling systems. |
B.To compare two recycling systems. |
C.To predict the change of ecological system. |
D.To advocate a more sustainable waste sorting system. |
1. 你为环保付出的行动; 2. 校园内不良行为及建议; 3. 呼吁保护环境
注意:1. 词数100左右; 2. 文中不得透露考生的真实信息; 3. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
1. What classes can visitors take in Bali according to the speaker?
A.Diving. | B.Swimming. | C.Fishing. |
A.To study volcanoes. |
B.To study the sea creatures. |
C.To study traditional artworks. |
A.Work in tourism. | B.Do agricultural work. | C.Make special clothes. |
A.Drink traditional coffee. | B.Do some shopping. | C.Visit Buddhist temples. |
Every minute, people around the world purchase 1 million plastic bottles,
Recycles plastic is ideal for automotive parts due to its light
The use of plastic in vehicle parts has grown a lot since the last decade, especially in underbody shields (车底护板).
How exactly does your plastic water bottle turn into an aerodynamic auto part? After you put the bottle into the recycling bin, it’s