1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A new bill has been     1    (official) passed in the Philippines that requires students to plant 10 trees each before graduation. According to the details outlined in the bill, the rule applies     2     all students who are to graduate from primary school, high school, and college. Trees can be planted in either forests, reserves, urban areas,     3    (abandon) mining sites, or in communities.

Over the past decades, the Philippines     4    (lose) more than 30% of its forest cover due to illegal logging (伐木), but the new bill means that the younger generation can help to address     5     problem. Under the new rule, 175 million new trees could be planted by students each year. If only 10% of them     6    (survival), that means that 525 billion trees can grow up over the course of one generation.

In fact, this isn’t the only positive rule     7    concerns the younger generation. One school in India made its students pay their school fees by collecting, bringing to school, and     8    (recycle) plastic waste that was lying across the town. This helped raise     9    (aware) of plastic waste in Asian     10    (country). It also allowed more students to seek education and even helped the students to earn some money so they wouldn’t have to rely on child labour for a living.

2 . Almost everyone has heard the expression “the calm before the storm.” It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.

British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become still and the winds would drop.

Science has given us the reason. According to US website HowStuffWorks, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and humid(湿热的) air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”. Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. As the air goes down, it becomes warm and dry. Warm and dry air is stable, so once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs in the center of the storm because of the strong rotating (旋转的) winds.

The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is. First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count nine seconds, the storm is about three kilometers away. A good method is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.

However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms take place after calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and fierce winds.

So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. That's the most reliable way to predict the next display(展示) of nature's temper (脾气).

1. What is the function of Paragraph 3?

A．To describe how the eye of the storm comes into being.

B．To stress why tornadoes and hurricanes are destructive.

C．To explain why a peaceful period occurs before some storms.

D．To remind how dangerous a storm can be in certain situations.

2. If you count fifteen seconds between a lightening flash and a thunder clap, the storm may be .

A．one kilometer away	B．three kilometers away
C．four kilometers away	D．five kilometers away

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．Heavy storms don't usually last long.

B．It is not always quiet before a storm.

C．Storms have a big influence on our life.

D．Weather reports often fail to predict a storm.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A travel journal.	B．A science fiction.
C．A literature review.	D．A geography magazine.

3 . The expression“a thirst for knowledge" may soon have a new meaning for millions of people who have no way to get clean water. Researchers have developed a book with specially treated pages that can turn dirty water into clean and drinkable water. They say their invention could improve the lives of many in the developing world.

About 700 million people around the world are at risk of disease or even death because their drinking water is not clean. The water is polluted by harmful bacteria.

The book contains 25 pages. Each page is about one millimeter thick. The pages contain very small particles (微粒) of silver. The pages can be used as filters（过滤器）to remove harmful microorganisms(微生物) that can pollute drinking water. The filter kills the organisms that pass through it.

Pictures on the pages show the dangers of dirty water and how to use the book for those unable to read. The pages are made of filter paper. They are designed to be torn from the book. Water can be poured through the paper to be cleaned.

Ms. Dankovich, the inventor, says each page can treat up to 100 liters of water. She recently presented her invention at the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts. She was asked whether she had considered adding classic literature on the book's pages.

"The idea of classic texts—that's of interest maybe later. We have discussed a little bit more exciting text. But we really haven't had the time to go through that part," she says.

Teri Dankovich and another researcher tested the drinkable book in Bangladesh, Ghana and South Africa. The tests proved to be successful.

Water for Life, a non-governmental organization, has provided financial support for the project.

1. What do we learn about the book from the text?

A．It has pages with several functions.	B．It is about environment protection.
C．It sells well around the world.	D．It can treat about 100 liters of water.

2. What does the underlined phrase "that part" in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A．Classic texts.	B．Exciting discussion.
C．Invention presentation.	D．Financial support.

3. In which country did not the researchers test the drinkable book?

A．Ghana	B．Bangladesh.
C．South Africa.	D．America.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Researchers have found a way to save those being ill.

B．Book pages could provide safe drinking water.

C．Knowledge is as important as drinkable water.

D．Millions of people are in great need of drinkable water.

4 . Kevin Randall, a teacher,who teaches biology at Grandville High School,runs the environmental club at the high school,which has around 2,000 students.The club is known as the GHS Green Team,and it aims to raise awareness among students and teachers about sustainability(持续性).It also works on projects to reduce the environmental footprint of the building itself.

One of the club's recent projects focused on reducing waste in the school cafeteria.Randall said their cafeteria supervisor told them that the school went through 54,000 plastic forks every year.The club applied for a financial help,built recycling centers for the cafeteria,and purchased metal silverware.

And now every student uses a durable metal fork or a spoon instead of disposables.(一次性用品),“and that's just one way we're trying to capture the low-hanging fruit,if you will,"Randall said.

The efforts of Randall and his students have earned Grandville High School the Michigan Green School certification from the state.In addition to their work reducing waste in the cafeteria, the GHS Green Team has also built a garden with flowers and vegetables on campus,and leads cleanups on site and out in the community.Over the years,Randall and his students have also been working on raising money to install solar panels(太阳能板) on the roof of the high school.

Randall said he was motivated to take the lead on environmental issues for his school because he wanted his students to have someone to turn to in the building who understands what's at stake(利害攸关）when it comes to climate change.

＂And I also felt like I needed to do more in my life for my own two children at home," Randall added,"They need to know that their dad is working as hard as he can to reduce the effects of climate change,and to spread the word,and to make sure that other students out there are learning about this just the way they are at home."

1. What is the purpose of the GHS Green Team club?

A．To inspire students' love for biology.

B．To finish the projects assigned by school.

C．To prepare students for their future jobs.

D．To promote environmental protection.

2. What's the result of the project on school cafeteria?

A．It has changed the outlook of the cafeteria.

B．Students can have more fruits in the cafeteria.

C．Plastic forks are no longer used in the cafeteria.

D．The school has become famous nationwide.

3. What's the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．The classification of the projects.

B．The characteristics of the club.

C．The activities organized by the club.

D．The future of the club.

4. What was Randall's aim by doing the work on environmental issues?.

A．To educate the young.

B．To get material rewards.

C．To amuse his children.

D．To make himself famous.

5 . The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on.

    1    But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right.     2     These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.

Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people – often women and children – spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.     3    And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.

There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world.     4    But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.

    5    We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.

A．Clean drinking water is fundamental.

B．As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?

C．The search for water becomes their main occupation.

D．This important work needs to continue and to expand.

E．Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.

F．In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.

G．However, there are still at least 2.1 billion people around the world living without safe water.

6 . Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers (零售商) are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shopper.

But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated (调查) this question and concluded that it's not as sustainable as it seems.

Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented — receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.

She writes, ''An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi's.''

Then there's the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it's returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant, still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with alternatives, although these aren't great either.

Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it's so easily accessible. There's something called ''share washing'' that makes people waste more precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as ''a way to share rides and limit ear ownership.'' and yet ''it has been proven to discourage walking,bicycling, and public transportation use.''

Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn't let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There's an even better step — that's wearing what is already in the closet.

1. What is Elizabeth Cline's attitude toward clothing rental?

A．Approving.	B．Unfavorable.
C．Objective.	D．Enthusiastic.

2. The Uber example in Paragraph 6 indicates that      .

A．rental services are on the rise

B．clothing rental will be as successful as Uber

C．renting clothes might waste more than expected

D．renting clothes might make people lose interest in fast fashion

3. The author suggests that we should      .

A．give up renting any clothing

B．purchase inexpensive clothes

C．rent clothes rather than buy them

D．make full use of clothes we've possessed

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Clothing rental is a new fashion.

B．Clothing rental is retailers' preference.

C．Renting clothes is not that eco-friendly.

D．Renting-clothes business is in a dilemma.

7 . It's not always easy to run an energy efficient house. But there are some simple things anyone can do.

Go LED with your lighting.

There are sevenal benefis to switching to energy efficient light bulbs. One of them is saving money- though the LED bulbs might cost more than traditional bulbs, the average saving on LED bulbs is $ 75a year._    1    LED bulbs can last years or even decades.

Don't run your air conditioner constantly

As the weather starts to warm, you might be thinking about the right time to turrn on your air conditioner. _    2    Air conditioner units are among the most energy-consuming appliances in your home. Using electrical fans instead of your air conditioner is much more efficient and it's a big money saver, too.

    3    

On those days when you treat a large crowd and are low on time，don't beat yourself up if you have to use disposable(一次性的) dishware. This method reduces your water usage and saves energy. And as a bonus, if your city offers roadside recycling, your paper plates may qualify.

Update your insulation(隔热)

All that work you're doing to save energy in your home could go to waste if it's not properly insulated. If you can't insulate the whole house, pay special attention to the roof: it reduces air flow from outide. By updating your insulation,you're saving money.    4    

Take showers instead of baths

A full bathtub requires about 70 gallons of waler.    5    Showers are quite different---taking a five-minute shower uses only 10 to 25 gallons!

A．But do you really have to?

B．You should use your air conditioner smartly.

C．Tum off water when not using it.

D．Plus, you needn't change them frequenly.

E．Don't feel guilty about using paper plates.

F．And it's also easier to control your home temperature.

G．Even if you don't fill it to the top, it still uses much more water.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

We are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly humans     1     are responsible for the destruction of the environment. Activities such as mass farming and burning       2     (harm) our climate now-and we are suffering too through natural     3       (disaster) such as flooding and droughts.

One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is deforestation (砍伐森林). This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s     4     (large) rainforest. Deforestation there     5     (hit) its highest rate in the past decade, according to official data. The result of widespread deforestation has threatened     6     centuries-old way of life. The future of the rainforest could be     7     danger of being damaged.

The amount of deforestation in the Amazon has     8     (actual) seen a decline but the figures are still large. Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by     9    (introduce) government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations. While humans are largely     10     (blame) for the destruction of the rainforest, it seems only humans will tackle this problem and save planet Earth.

9 . The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to clarify the new rules.

The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds of waste: recyclable waste, hazardous (有害的) waste, household food waste and residual (剩余的) waste.

Hazardous waste, as the name suggests, includes assorted poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides.

Household food waste, which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese，refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.

Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.

The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs in this category.

As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own ways to sort trash.

“We should do this from a pig’s angle,” commented one netizen. “Those edible (可食用的) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don’t want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be hazardous waste. Those which can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.” The new regulation has gone into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200.

1. What do the old thrown-away sweaters belong to?

A．Residual waste.	B．Hazardous waste.
C．Recyclable waste.	D．Household food waste.

2. What does “wet trash” have in common?

A．They are completely wet.	B．They all come from plants.
C．They can give off bad smell.	D．They can break up easily.

3. What is the tone of the netizen?

A．Humorous.	B．Serious.
C．Delightful.	D．Uncertain.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Shanghai bans four sorts of garbage.

B．Shanghai launches garbage sorting enforcement.

C．Citizens in Shanghai still question garbage sorting.

D．Citizens in Shanghai welcome the garbage sorting policy.

10 . Greening the Kubuqi Desert

China has seen great achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past 70 years. Solid efforts have been made to fight pollution and continuously improve the environment.

    1     It caused deadly sandstorms, which arrived like big black walls reaching up into the sky.

As President Xi Jinping has said, clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets（资产）.     2    

A series of campaigns have been carried out by the central government to improve the environment.     3     Thanks to the program, forest coverage in China had increased from 12 percent in the 1980s to nearly 23 percent last year.

    4     It has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification（沙漠化）.

In Kubuqi, a desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Elion has greened 600,000 hectares of land and helped lift more than 102,000 people out of poverty through the development of solar energy and tourism, as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine.

In addition, the group’s techniques have also been used in many ecological（生态的）programs, including Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park.

“    5     With the help of modern technologies, such as drones, AI, big data and the internet of things, we are sure to achieve greater success,” said Ao Baoping, chief executive officer of Elion Green Land Technology.

A．Once the environment gets better, we will live a happier life.

B．For example, in 1998, China started the Natural Forest Protection Program.

C．Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s.

D．Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group.

E．Pollution is getting worse and worse nowadays.

F．Efforts to create “green” areas have played a crucial role in the country’s fight against desertification.

G．We will come up with new ways to improve our ability to control the sand.