1 . There are 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash in the world’s oceans, and each year, 8 million tons of plastic are added to the figure. Though the oceans seem vast enough to stomach a lot of plastic, the level of waste is starting to reach a crisis point: According to a new report by the Ocean Conservancy, by 2025, the ocean could contain one ton of plastic for every three tons of fish.
All these floating bits of plastic not only disrupt marine ecosystems, but also poison the global supply of seafood. “It’s reaching crisis proportions,” says Andreas Merkl, CEO of the Ocean Conservancy. “Plastic breaks down into small pieces that look like plankton (浮游生物) and is eaten by everything from plankton to whales.”
The new report calls for a focus on improving waste management systems in a handful of developing countries that account for the plastic leakage into the ocean. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam contribute more than half of the oceans’ plastic since their waste facilities haven’t kept up with rapid industrialization.
How can countries reduce the leakage of waste into the ocean? The Ocean Conservancy report suggests that by providing more waste collection services, closing the leakage points within the collection system, getting rid of waste with effective landfill, and building more recycling facilities, the plastics leakage could be cut by 50% by 2020.
It’s not just an environmentalist’s daydream. Coca-Cola and Dow Chemical, along with some other multinational companies, have joined forces with Ocean Conservancy to fight ocean pollution. “We’re committed to working toward a future of a plastic-free ocean. Companies don’t make plastic with the intention of it ending up in the ocean, and we acknowledge the strong role industry must play in order to help eliminate ocean plastic waste by 2035.” Says a Dow Chemical director.
“While building landfills and incinerators (焚化炉) across these developing countries might not be pretty, it’s far more environmentally friendly than letting waste slide into the world’s oceans.” Says Andreas Merkl.
1. Five developing countries are mostly responsible for plastic leakage because ___.| A．there are too many factories in those countries |
| B．they produce the majority of the waste worldwide |
| C．their waste facilities fail to adapt to rapid industrialization |
| D．their citizens don’t make good use of waste management systems |
| A．end | B．increase | C．remain | D．reduce |
| A．many companies have begun to play a role in fighting ocean pollution |
| B．environment-friendly plastics will be invented by multinational factories |
| C．developing countries will be much more beautiful with a plastic-free ocean |
| D．landfills and incinerators have greatly reduced plastic leakage into the ocean |
| A．suggest countries learn more about oceanic waste |
| B．persuade companies to produce fewer plastic goods |
| C．warn people of the danger of using too many plastic items |
| D．inform people about the serious issue of plastic in the ocean |
2 . The health and welfare of every person in America will be affected by global warming, especially children, the elderly and the poor, according to a new White House science report.
The report said every region (地区) of the country will suffer worse health from heat waves and drought. All but a handful of states would have worse air quality and flooding. It predicts an increase in diseases spread by tainted (腐烂的) food, bad water and bugs (臭虫).
The report concludes that climate change causes real risk to human health and human system that supports the way of life in the United States.
Man-made global warming is caused by greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. At current emission (放射) levels, global temperatures are likely to rise by about 2 degrees by midcentury and about 7.5 degrees by the end of the century.
The most vulnerable (脆弱的) Americans — the poor, elderly, sick, very young and immigrants — will suffer more. That’s at least 10 percent of the country’s population, probably more. It will be tougher for these people to get enough health care for climate-related illnesses, to cool down in heat waves, to escape extreme events such as Hurricane Katrina, and even to get enough food.
While every region of America is vulnerable to global warming’s health and welfare effects, more people are moving to coastal regions, which are most vulnerable to climate change because of drought and hurricanes.
1. According to the report, we learn all of the following will risk human’s health EXCEPT ______.| A．increase in the number of bugs |
| B．reduction in carbon dioxide emissions |
| C．global warming and climate change |
| D．heat waves and drought |
| A．All of states would suffer flooding. |
| B．About half of all states would have clear air. |
| C．Flooding would occur in almost all the states. |
| D．Air quality in few states is not high. |
| A．Global temperatures are increasing year by year because of carbon dioxide. |
| B．Global warming is caused by human beings. |
| C．It is wise for the Americans to move into coastal regions. |
| D．At least one tenth of Americans are more likely to suffer climate-related illnesses. |
| A．explain how the phenomenon of global warming forms |
| B．provide evidence that global warming and climate change risk human’s health |
| C．warn every American of the danger of global warming to their health |
| D．protect the vulnerable Americans from suffering from diseases |
3 . Plans to bring wild tigers back to their original home , their historical range(历史分布范围） in the IliBalkhash region, have been announced by Kazakhstan( 哈萨克斯坦 ) and an agreement with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to conduct a tiger reintroduction program has been signed . “It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home, but also protect the unique ecosystem of the IliBalkhash region，” said Askar Myrzakhmetov, the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
If successful, Kazakhstan will be the first country in the world to bring wild tigers back to an entire region where they have died out for nearly half a century. Tiger reintroduction projects have only been achieved within national borders and in areas that are considered current tiger habitats . Kazakhstan's tiger reintroduction program is unique and it badly requires the restoration of a vast forest that is part of the wild tiger's historical range.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, wild tigers have lost over 90 per cent of their historical range. Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s, due to the loss of habitat. To prepare for the return of wild tigers, on 1st January 2018 Kazakhstan will set up a new nature reserve in the southwestern IliBalkhash, in order to restore the unique forest habitat. This will include the protection of existing wildlife, and reintroducing important prey ( 猎物 ), such as the endangered wild Bactrian deer（中亚红鹿).
Restoring tigers will also help protect Lake Balkhash and prevent it from repeating the fate of the Aral Sea, formerly the world's fourth largest lake and now 10 percent of its original size. “The hard work remains ahead of us. We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers and involve all the relevant people to make this happen. That means dealing with illegal activities, having these people who govern parks be welltrained and equipped, increasing prey populations and involving local communities，” said Ekaterina Vorobyeva, Director of the WWF program.
1. What is Askar Myrzakhmetov's attitude toward the tiger reintroduction program?| A．Doubtful. | B．Favorable. |
| C．Concerned. | D．Disapproving. |
| A．The increasing loss of prey. | B．The evolution of the species. |
| C．The lack of natural living places. | D．The serious environmental pollution. |
| A．Regulating human activities. | B．Limiting the number of prey. |
| C．Building a reserve for tigers only. | D．Training tigers to be more adaptable. |
| A．Efforts to restore forests in Kazakhstan |
| B．Bringing tigers back home to Kazakhstan |
| C．Attempts to handle illegal activities effectively |
| D．Preventing tigers disappearing in Kazakhstan |
| 原因 | 偷猎 | 栖息地丧失 | 外来物种 | 其他原因 |
| 野生动物 | 36% | 32% | 12% | 20% |
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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5 . World Environment Day is celebrated worldwide on June Fifth. The United Nations
Public events for World Environment Day
Every year World Environment Day is celebrated in a different
The main
Most people in the world live in cities,
San Francisco held public talks to discuss pollution
The Mayor of San Francisco, Gavin Newsom,
| A．arranged | B．constructed | C．conducted | D．established |
| A．planet | B．organization | C．society | D．system |
| A．take apart | B．hold up | C．take place | D．put on |
| A．develop | B．protect | C．treat | D．view |
| A．city | B．date | C．way | D．direction |
| A．until | B．after | C．before | D．since |
| A．content | B．message | C．moral | D．method |
| A．required | B．promised | C．meant | D．reminded |
| A．quiet | B．clean | C．wealthy | D．healthy |
| A．it | B．where | C．that | D．which |
| A．reference | B．concern | C．development | D．argument |
| A．products | B．power | C．resources | D．materials |
| A．rely | B．live | C．depend | D．center |
| A．disappearance | B．appearance | C．reduction | D．increase |
| A．speakers | B．debaters | C．competitors | D．candidates |
| A．free | B．extra | C．fun | D．funny |
| A．naturally | B．privately | C．frequently | D．preciously |
| A．recommended | B．commanded | C．suggested | D．invited |
| A．suggest | B．share | C．contribute | D．supply |
| A．agreement | B．contract | C．file | D．comment |
6 . With the advance of human society, along with the development of modern science and technology, people are faced with an increasing number of pollutions. One of the severe pollutions is noise pollution. Many parents express their complaints over noise pollution, especially car alarms.
Anchor
Almost anyone who has lived in a big city can tell you how irritating it is to be awakened in the middle of the night by the wail of a car alarm. The loss of sleep can drive you crazy, but this is just one in a long list of problems that such high decibel noises can cause.
Jonathan
People in this noisy neighborhood in upper Manhattan are fed up with car alarms. They're angry enough at being jolted awake several times a week, but more than that they worry about what effect these alarms will have on their children. Already studies have shown that continuous exposure to high-decibel noise can cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
Andrea
By the time my child can read, he will already have been exposed to the constant roar of the traffic, but the intense siren of a car alarm is way above the level of safety.
Michael
I have a valid concern. According to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), exposure to noise above 85 decibels for 8 hours or more is a danger to your health. City traffic and trucks are about 90 decibels. The siren of a car alarm is about 120 decibels, about the same as a plane taking off.
The parents here are sick and tired of listening to the shrill siren of car alarms. However, it's for their children that they are most concerned. They've started a group called Parents to Silence Car Alarms. They don't think that making the owner of a car pay a fine is enough. These parents have started a campaign to have car alarms banned.
1. According to the passage, which one of the following statements is true?| A．Anchor thinks the high decibel noises only causes the loss of sleep. |
| B．Jonathan holds the view that exposure to decibel noises can give rise to heart disease. |
| C．According to NIOSH, exposure to noise above 85 for 8 hours or more threatens people's health. |
| D．Andrea believes the intense siren of a car alarm is acceptable. |
| A．Neutral. | B．Critical. | C．Favorable. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．People in modern society is faced with noise pollution. |
| B．Anyone who lives in a big city is tired of car alarms. |
| C．A car alarm is out of control and beyond the level of safety. |
| D．Parents complain about car alarms, trying to fight against them. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉；
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As tour guide, I’m glad to tell you that more and more tourists are paying attentions to environmental protection. Several years before, in one place of interest I saw rubbish throwing away everywhere, such as waste paper and plastic bags. However, some tourists climbed trees or picked out flowers. Some even scared or catch little animals. What’s more, some of them made a fire to cook, which might cause a forest fire. Recently great changes had taken place. Most tourists take rubbish away with them while they leave. They no longer hurt little animals. Trees and flowers are well taken care of. In the forest, smokers give up smoking so as not to start a fire. Now I sing high praise for so good deeds.
1.沉着冷静，遇事不惊
2.室内要找到遮蔽物，如：桌子下面
3.室外应远离建筑物，去到开阔的地方
注意：1.词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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9 . Alaska—The American city Anchorage is recovering from a powerful earthquake Friday that damaged public buildings, homes and roads.
The 7.0 earthquake caused buildings to slake. But there have been no reports of deaths, serious injuries or damage. Officials say the quake has not affected transportation of food and her supplies. “The ships are coming in on schedule, the supply lines are at this point working well,” the government told reporters Sunday.
The Glenn Highway was probably the road hit hardest by the earthquake. It connects the state's largest city to other parts in the north. Traffic has been heavy and slow—moving since the quake. Drivers are being guided. Groups of workers are trying to rebuild areas where the quake left large holes in the road.
People who are still nervous after the major quake have been more upset by more than 1, 700 aftershocks. “Anything that moves, you feel terrified”said David, whose home suffered structural(结构)damage, including a sunken foundation(地基). Actually, Alaska came up with strict building rules after a 9. 2 earthquake in 1964. That was the second most powerful earthquake on record.
Government officials said a public health center promises that money for medical treatment will continue to come. Mental healthy service(心理健康服务)is also available for people hurt by the disaster.
Earthquake experts say there is a 4 percent chance of another 7. 0 earthquake or greater in the following week. "The chance is very small, but its not impossible, ” said the expert, Paul Caruso.
1. What was the result of the earthquake?| A．Buildings were damaged. | B．Food supply was cut off. |
| C．Many people were killed | D．The ships could not come in. |
| A．Because small quakes hit the city. | B．Because falling rocks are a danger. |
| C．Because the highway is badly damaged. | D．Because drivers are misled. |
| A．Another greater earthquake is on the way. |
| B．Chances still exists of another earthquake. |
| C．It will be safe in the 1th week after the quake. |
| D．There is no possibility for more quakes. |
| A．Ina story book. | B．In a travel journal. |
| C．In a poster. | D．In a newspaper. |
10 . The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today.The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.
A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.
“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts,” Dr Maxwell said.“Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”
"Populations of critically endangered bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas."
Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals.Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.
UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.
“The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events,” Professor Watson said.“As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common,we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive.Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient(易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”
1. How was the UQ researchconducted?| A．By observing extreme weather events. |
| B．By protecting the endangered species. |
| C．By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate. |
| D．By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened. |
| A．destroyed | B．defeated |
| C．decreased | D．disappeared |
| A．Drought caused 13 cases of distinctionin bird populations. |
| B．Drought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals. |
| C．Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones. |
| D．Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard. |
| A．Animals often show negative responses to extreme events. |
| B．The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited. |
| C．Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species. |
| D．Complete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species’ survival. |
