1 . The world is going through a basic transformation,which is changing the way we live, work and think. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is bringing dramatic change and giving rise to a future filled with exciting opportunities and new challenges. Together, governments and businesses must find solutions to society's most pressing needs—from creating a carbon-free economy to tackling population growth and urbanization.
In any period of rapid change there is a trend to look for a simple method,to greet the new things and replace the old way of doing things. But a closer look at the facts tells a different story. Complex problems require many solutions working in harmony to enable positive change.
The challenge for scientists and engineers is to provide solutions in fact, data and today's realities. And while technologies offer new tools to help uncover solutions, the process also requires hard work, imagination and lots of improvement.
Success rests on performing practical, realistic, long- term solutions that make the world cleaner, safer and more sustainable(可持续的).
The environment is a case in point. Much of the public debate has centered on the central role of renewable power sources in realizing a low-carbon energy future. While the industry is fully behind developing renewables, today we understand that a low or zero-carbon future depends on adopting a multifaceted approach.
We cannot control sunshine levels or decide when the wind blows, which means solar power and wind power generators will produce too much or too little energy at times. The transition to renewables needs to take account of serious considerations.
Batteries have been much discussed as a means of storing extra energy, but there are other choices. Power-to- X technologies enable spare energy created by renewables to be stored and redistributed when and where it is needed.
1. Which of the following best explains the underlined word“tackling" in Paragraph 1?A.Caring about. | B.Dealing with. |
C.Going through. | D.Suffering from. |
A.Offer new tools to help uncover solutions. |
B.Look for a simple method to face the future. |
C.Find out ways to solve the problem. |
D.Realize a low-carbon energy future. |
A.Powerful. |
B.Safe. |
C.Clean. |
D.Unsteady. |
A.They can adjust power supply. |
B.They take the place of batteries. |
C.They help make more electricity. |
D.They can create power from wind and sun. |
2 . At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake. A great part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt. The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250, 000. About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires.
Another earthquake shook San Francisco on October 17th, 1989. It was America’s second strongest earthquake and about 100 people were killed. It happened in the evening as people were travelling home. A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below. Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.
Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the centre of town but about 50 kilometres away. In one part of the town a great many buildings were destroyed. These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough. There were a lot of fires all over the city. The electricity was cut off for several days too.
Why do earthquakes happen? Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates. At San Francisco the Pacific plate which is moving towards the northwest meets the North American plate. The Pacific plate is moving very slowly—at 5.3 centimetres a year. Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for years. Then suddenly, they jump and an earthquake is felt. As a result of the movement of these plates, west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes. When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 metres to the north.
Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. They call it “The Big One”. However, people today are still building more houses. The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.
1. Fewer people were killed in the 1989 San Francisco earthquake because the earthquake happened_______.A.in the centre of the city | B.in the daytime |
C.outside the city | D.in the evening |
A.The 1906 earthquake. | B.The 1976 earthquake. |
C.The 1989 earthquake. | D.Both A and C. |
A.Because the surface of the earth is too thin. |
B.Because some plates of the earth move suddenly. |
C.Because the houses built on the earth are not strong. |
D.Because the plates are moving slowly. |
A.We should learn how to predict earthquakes and stop them. |
B.We should stop building new houses. |
C.We should build strong buildings in the right places. |
D.We should try our best to stop earthquakes. |
A.Bridge. | B.Road. |
C.Car. | D.Street. |
3 . An Indonesian librarian is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a novel way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.
Each weekday Raden rides her three-wheeler with books piled up at the back for children in Muntang village to exchange for plastic cups, bags and other waste that she carries back. She told Reuters she targets to promote reading in the kids as well as make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up. little children, many accompanied by their mothers, surround her "Trash Library" and clamour for the books.
They are all carrying trash bags and Raden's three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She's happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result.
Kevin, a keen 11-vearold reader, searched for waste lying in the village. "When there is too much trash, our environment will become dirty and it's not healthy. That's why I look for trash to borrow a book," he said.
"Let us build a culture of literacy(识字)from young age to reduce the harm of the online world." Raden said, "We should also take care of our waste in order to fight climate change and to save the earth from trash "
She collects about 100 kg of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling or sold. She has a stock of 6,000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well.
Raden said: "The literacy rate for above-15-year-olds in Indonesia is around 96 percent, but a September report by the World Bank warned that the pandemic will leave more than 80% of 15-year-olds below the minimum reading proficiency level." And she wanted to do her part to make things better.
1. What is Raden's purpose of establishing Trash Library?A.To earn money for Trash Library by selling trash. |
B.To develop the children's creativity from young age. |
C.To raise the kids' awareness of environment while reading. |
D.To promote the relationship between children and mothers. |
A.Passion for reading. | B.Concerns about pollution. |
C.Addiction to the Internet. | D.Determination to volunteer. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Worried. | C.Appreciative. | D.Tolerant |
A.A Novel Way to Improve Library | B.The Indonesian System for Reading |
C.Your Trash Benefiting the Environment | D.Your Collected Trash for Our Books |
1.词数 100 左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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Last Saturday, tornadoes
6 . I was a young newspaper reporter, and I wanted to succeed. My first
I found people there full of
At the right time, I saw black smoke
My landlord gave me a
A.friend | B.job | C.trip | D.shopping |
A.so | B.if | C.or | D.but |
A.happiness | B.fear | C.decision | D.power |
A.comfortable | B.weak | C.active | D.calm |
A.helped | B.saw | C.caught | D.found |
A.flowers | B.umbrellas | C.books | D.packs |
A.flood | B.earthquake | C.cold | D.fire |
A.fast | B.quickly | C.soon | D.quietly |
A.rolling | B.disappearing | C.lying | D.settling |
A.gradually | B.frequently | C.strongly | D.hardly |
A.put off | B.cut off | C.built up | D.fixed up |
A.waiting | B.shouting | C.complaining | D.crying |
A.returned | B.added | C.got | D.pointed |
A.recovering | B.resting | C.seeking | D.flowing |
A.leaving | B.making | C.letting | D.getting |
A.dangerous | B.warm | C.safe | D.healthy |
A.dry | B.new | C.small | D.wet |
A.light | B.heat | C.fear | D.coldness |
A.smoke | B.smell | C.sight | D.sound |
A.for | B.of | C.to | D.with |
7 . Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals.
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
A.They mistake them for food. |
B.Here are some common ones. |
C.Unfortunately, it is not that simple. |
D.It’s better to take a shower than a bath. |
E.A paper bag is more environmentally friendly. |
F.In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. |
G.When we turn off a machine, it goes into a stand-by state. |
Looking for a fun Earth Day activity? You may want to try plogging------picking up litter while jogging. Strange as it may sound, the new “sport” is becoming popular with runners worldwide, many of whom are posting photos of images holding bags of trash on social media.
Derived from(起源于)the word jogging and “plocka upp”, the Swedish phrase for pick up, plogging is the idea of Erik Alstrom. In 2016, after moving to Stockholm from northern Sweden, Alstrom was shocked by the amount of rubbish there, so he began incorporating(将…包括在内)picking up rubbish into his daily runs.
Other joggers soon joined Alstrom, and by the end of 2016, plogging had appeared all across Sweden. As plogging became popular on social media, the new “sport” began to spread beyond Sweden, first to other European countries and then worldwide.
The official online “Plogga” group now includes members from over 40 countries. Many school running clubs are also getting in on the action, posting photographs of themselves after going plogging together, or staging competitions that reward the runners with the heaviest trash bags.
As it turns out, plogging is not only good for the environment but also for people’s health. According to Swedish fitness app Lifesun, an average person burns about 288 calories while plogging for half an hour. This is about 50 calories more than he/she would burn when just jogging. Additionally, lowering the body to pick up litter increases the plogger’s flexibility, while carrying around the increasingly heavy garbage bags helps strengthen his/her arm muscles.
This Earth Day, be sure to put on your running shoes, take a trash bag or two, and go plogging. Or better still, start a plogging team at school, or around your neighborhood, and make every day Earth Day!
1. What is plogging?(不多于5个单词)2. Why did Alstrom have the idea of plogging after moving to Stockholm?(不多于10个单词)
3. When had plogging appeared all across Sweden?(不多于5个单词)
4. What is plogging good for?(不多于5个单词)
1. What can we learn from the news?
A.No villager was killed. |
B.15 houses were badly damaged. |
C.Over 200 people were made homeless. |
A.Seven. | B.Nine. | C.Ten. |
A.His house was destroyed. |
B.His wife was missing. |
C.One of his children was killed. |
A.She tried to take something out. |
B.She rushed out with her children. |
C.She told her husband not to leave. |
10 . Earthquakes are common natural disaster. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary.
Some expert propose that when you feel the ground is shaking, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near building, trees or power lines. Many people think that in case of an earthquake, they should “get under something” like a doorway or desk, in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects.
Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do. For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquakes, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道,走道) next to their desks.
So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it. This also holds true if you are in a hotel room, especially at night. Get of the bed, and lie down next to it.
In San Francisco’s 1989 earthquake, the upper freeway fell on the lower one. People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were cashed bur there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue.
Doorways and stairways are very unsafe Slay away from those.
What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Saying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.
1. What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage?A.Get under buildings | B.Stay near trees. |
C.Keep calm | D.Drop down |
A.“Get under something” can avoid being hurt |
B.Right earthquake survival tips can save life. |
C.Earthquakes cause great damage. |
D.Don’t drive on the upper freeway during an earthquake |
A.hidden | B.protected |
C.killed | D.supported |
A.Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car |
B.Lie down under a table or desk |
C.Run out of the house and stay under a big tree. |
D.Shout out loudly and ask for help |