2 . The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short trip from camp. On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we're here to observe Tibetan antelopes.

Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet,Xinjiang and Qinghai.Watch them move slowly across the green grass. I'm attracted by the lovely animals.I'm also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being killed for their valuable fur.

My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protesting the wildlife is a way of life."We're not tying to save the animals.” he says,"Actually, we're trying to save ourselves."

Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped by over 50 percent. People were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.

In order to save the animals, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.

The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015.the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in danger. The government, however,does not intend to stop the protection programs, since the threats (威胁) to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.

Much is being done to protect wildlife but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in peace with nature.

1. The author went to Tibet in order to     .

A．breathe fresh air in Tibet	B．enjoy the scene in Tibet
C．learn the history of Tibet	D．observe Tibetan antelopes

2. Where does Zhaxi work?

A．In Tibet.	B．In Xinjiang
C．In Qinghai.	D．In Sichuan

3. What happened to the Tibetan antelope between the 1980s and 1990s?

A．Tibetan antelopes were well protected.

B．Tibetan antelopes population dropped

C．Tibetan antelopes lived in peace with people

D．Tibetan antelopes destroyed new roads and railways,

4. According to Paragrah6, the measures taken by the Chinese government were .

A．Useless

B．basic

C．successful

D．simple

5. What's the purpose of the text?

A．To kill the Tibetan antelope.	B．To study the Tibetan antelope.
C．To watch the Tibetan antelope.	D．To protect the Tibetan antelope.

3 . “The fact that the smoke reached São Paulo and blackened an afternoon proves how unusual the fires that burn in the countryside of Brazil are,” Ricardo Mello, head of the World Wide Fund for Nature's (WWF) Amazon program, said.

The latest figures come at a time of international protest against the inaction of President Jair Bolsonaro's administration. In July, Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) showed data to the public, which indicated that there had been a significant rise in deforestation (毁林) rates. Particularly, the figures showed that in July 2019, deforestation had increased nearly 300 percent in comparison to the same month in 2018.

Environmentalists are becoming increasingly concerned, accusing the government of encouraging deforestation and those who want to make use of the forest for commercial gain. During his time in power, Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of government agencies that are responsible for protecting the rainforest as well as regulations covering native lands and nature reserves. Bolsonaro sees these kinds of regulations as a drag on economic growth in the Amazon region.

Fire in the Amazon is used as a technique to clear land for agriculture. “Farmers clear cut land to make way for agriculture, and then wait for the dry season to set fire to clear the land so they can plant，” Mello said. “It's likely that all of these forest fires are deliberately set by humans.”

Now it is the dry season in the Amazon, which means conditions in many parts of the rainforest are suitable for the fires to spread over large areas. “It is very unlikely that those fires break out naturally，” Mello said. “It is important to remember that 2019 is not a strong El Niño year. When we have strong El Niños, weather gets drier in the northern part of Brazil and this favors fires. This is not the case of 2019.”

1. Why are deforestation figures of 2018 and 2019 compared?

A．To share knowledge of the Amazon forest.

B．To show how the Brazil president governs.

C．To stress the seriousness of deforestation.

D．To express the anger of environmentalists.

2. What does President Bolsonaro do for deforestation?

A．Weakening relevant government agencies.

B．Encouraging the fight for commercial gain.

C．Using techniques to clear land for agriculture.

D．Defending regulations about nature reserves.

3. What are the weather conditions of the Amazon when the fires break out?

A．They're fit for fires to break out naturally.

B．The Amazon experiences the dry season.

C．They're possible for fires to spread everywhere.

D．The Amazon is just in a strong El Niño year.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Jair Bolsonaro's Administration Was Accused

B．Farmers Cleared Amazon Land for Agriculture

C．Unusual Rainforest Fires: Effects on Health and Weather

D．Amazon Fires: Possibly Linked to Environmental Policies

4 . Average age is rising around the world——a demographic (人口统计)change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change.

Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests.

They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children's energy consumption (消耗)climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person's home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命)seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age.

Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges," says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65—probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse.

Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放)，and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free.

“This confluence (汇集)of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thinking about," says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people's energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.

"This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy, says Sovacool.

Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. "What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy," she says.

1. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier" in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that ______.

A．poor people can't bring down the high demand for energy

B．a comfortable life is not the main cause of in creased energy use

C．there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption

D．people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption

2. Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support?

A．Energy will stop increasing when people get older.

B．His research could inspire policymakers to change current polices.

C．Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered.

D．Old people should use fossil fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool.

3. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation?

A．It is expensive and difficult to promote.

B．It overestimates the household energy consumption.

C．It did not take climate change adaptation into account.

D．It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing.

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．More emphasis should be put on people's energy use.

B．The government can't do much without the support of the study.

C．It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy.

D．Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people's energy use.

5 . 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris来信询问有关垃圾分类的情况。请给他回邮件介绍你所在社区开展垃圾分类的情况。内容包括：
1. 垃圾问题的现状；
2. 垃圾分类的意义；
3. 询问对方城市垃圾分类的情况。
注意：1. 词数不少于100；
2. 适当增减细节，使文章连贯；
3. 开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

6 . Many of the world’s largest brewers (啤酒商) are using new technologies to replace single-use, plastic six-pack beer rings with more sustainable materials. Though mostly being used in small test trials, full adoption could have a positive environmental impact. Carlsberg, for example, is using glue to adhere cans in a production method that the Danish brewer says would avoid using 1,200 tons of plastic yearly, or the equal of 60 million plastic bags, once fully adopted.

Brewers have zeroed in on plastic six-pack-ring packaging partly because most consumers can recall the miserable image of a seagull, turtle, or some other aquatic (水生的) creature trapped or killed by the plastic rings. The packaging is so deep-rooted in our culture that many children were taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death.

The rings developed by E6PR (Edible Six Pack Ring) programme, which is led by another brewery called Saltwater, are now used by 35 brewers across the globe, including in Africa, Europe, and Australia. These rings are made of waste wheat in beer production. The final goal is to ensure that the rings can be eaten harmlessly by aquatic creatures or break down in nature within a matter of weeks rather than the years it would take for plastic.

Giving up plastic straws and beer rings may help consumers feel better about their carbon footprint, but some experts say we should focus on other efforts. Recycling rates in the U.S.stand at just over 34%. Glass, in which many brewers bottle their beer, can be difficult to recycle and large to transport. If brewers were to focus on using thinner glass, some experts say, the improvement could prove even more beneficial to the environment than giving up plastic rings.

There’s also the risk that if consumers think their E6PR rings are less harmful, they’ll be more likely to litter. “The idea of creating something that’s litter-friendly is an issue in my mind,” says Nina Goodrich, executive director of environmental nonprofit GreenBlue. “What we need in North America is a better system to encourage collection and sorting.”

1. What does the underlined word “adhere” in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Collect.

B．Stick.

C．Open.

D．Reuse.

2. Why were children taught to cut up the plastic rings?

A．To collect the rings for recycling.

B．To make the rings break down more easily.

C．To prevent the rings harming aquatic animals.

D．To increase children’s awareness of loving nature.

3. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4?

A．Low recycling rates in the U.S.

B．Benefits of giving up plastic beer rings.

C．Difficulty in transporting beer glass bottles.

D．Another way to protect the environment.

4. What’s the risk of the E6PR rings?

A．They will be thrown away more casually.

B．They will not be accepted by consumers.

C．They will be more difficult to recycle.

D．They will be still made of plastic.

7 . NOT that long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could survive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles. which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In electricity generation, too, trend is with the greens. In the first half of this year wind, solar and hydro generated a record 35% of Germany's power.

Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030: 176 countries have clean-energy goals. Hawaii, America's most oil-dependent state, has promised to be 100% renewable by the middle of the century. So have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100% renewable energy rose to 100.

But not every target is helpful. To see why, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. It makes solving climate change seem easy. In fact, though wind and solar can generate the whole country's electricity some day, renewables still account for less than 8% of the world's total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle. Even though gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least as big a source of greenhouse-gas emissions, renewable heating gets little attention. Transport policy is unpredictable, too. Carmakers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10 million electric vehicles in a decade, but battery-powered road transport, shipping and aviation are dreams. A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and hydro alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.

Most importantly, a 100% renewables target confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions（净排放量）of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. After decades of investment, it is wrong to leave nuclear power off the table. Carbon emissions in Germany actually rose because it chose to phase out nuclear power gradually and so burned more coal. New technologies, such as "direct air capture" systems designed to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that       .

A．the problem of climate change will be solved by using 100% renewable energy

B．with new technologies, Germany successfully cut down carbon emissions

C．it is probable that ships will one day be powered by battery

D．America is not likely to completely rely on wind, solar and hydro energy one day

2. According to the passage, carbon emissions may be reduced by       .

A．promoting energy efficiency

B．blocking off carbon-reduction paths

C．using non-renewable heating

D．abandoning electric vehicles

3. The underlined phrase "phase out" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to       .

A．ignore

B．reduce

C．use

D．invent

4. In which column can this passage be read?

A．Fashion

B．Politics

C．Economy

D．Education

8 . Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers (零售商) are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shopper.

But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated (调查) this question and concluded that it's not as sustainable as it seems.

Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented — receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.

She writes, ''An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi's.''

Then there's the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it's returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant, still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with alternatives, although these aren't great either.

Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it's so easily accessible. There's something called ''share washing'' that makes people waste more precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as ''a way to share rides and limit ear ownership.'' and yet ''it has been proven to discourage walking,bicycling, and public transportation use.''

Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn't let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There's an even better step — that's wearing what is already in the closet.

1. What is Elizabeth Cline's attitude toward clothing rental?

A．Approving.	B．Unfavorable.
C．Objective.	D．Enthusiastic.

2. The Uber example in Paragraph 6 indicates that      .

A．rental services are on the rise

B．clothing rental will be as successful as Uber

C．renting clothes might waste more than expected

D．renting clothes might make people lose interest in fast fashion

3. The author suggests that we should      .

A．give up renting any clothing

B．purchase inexpensive clothes

C．rent clothes rather than buy them

D．make full use of clothes we've possessed

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Clothing rental is a new fashion.

B．Clothing rental is retailers' preference.

C．Renting clothes is not that eco-friendly.

D．Renting-clothes business is in a dilemma.

9 . Surrounded by the sea off the coast in Mid-Norway, lies an island called Myken. This small island has about ten permanent residents, and for more than 50 years has been supplied with electricity via a 32-kilometer undersea cable (电缆). A break that appeared in the cable last autumn resulted in two months without power, so the island community started looking into a better way of sourcing their electricity.

“Myken is far out at sea, so as far as possible it should be taking care of things itself,” says Kyrre Sundseth, who is a hydrogen (氢) researcher in Norway and also the project manager for Myken’s energy project. “This is why we want Myken to become entirely self-sufficient in energy. It is also important to take the environment into consideration,” he says.

Much points to the idea that the solution may lie in a Hydrogen plant, specifically tailored for small islands. The “raw materials” for hydrogen production come from nature itself in the form of the sun and wind. Researchers have calculated that energy costs will be lower by using hydrogen production than the undersea cable option. And it is possible to store energy in the form of hydrogen for longer periods. This means that supplies will not have to rely on a lot of expensive batteries or external energy sources, even during periods when the sun isn’t shining, or the wind isn’t blowing.

The Myken project has attracted several technology companies. They are currently working on a pilot project. The pilot involves experiments on the feasibility (可行性) of the hydrogen system in which electricity is generated from solar and wind sources. The electricity can be used immediately, but during periods when all the energy generated is not required, the spare energy can be used to split seawater into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen can be stored in a tank, and used later to generate electricity. The pilot will help researchers know more about how effectively the system will work in the hydrogen plant. Since the island has a distillery (酿酒厂), where the distillation (蒸馏) process relies on energy, a hydrogen plant on Myken offers an even greater environmental benefit. Spare heat from the hydrogen system can also be used for the heating part in the distillation process.

“In Norway alone there are about 300 island inhabited all year round by small populations,” says Kyrre Sundseth. “All of these islands may be candidates for using this technology. In global terms we’re talking about 10,000 similar islands.”

1. Why is a hydrogen plant suitable for Myken?

A．It is perfect in size for small islands.

B．It can send electricity to faraway places.

C．It will restore local natural environment.

D．It provides green and sustainable energy.

2. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?

A．The study on the energy storage.

B．The test on the hydrogen system.

C．The experiment on the raw materials.

D．The research on the innovation of the pilot.

3. According to the passage, a hydrogen plant will ______.

A．produce purified seawater

B．prove more technically reliable

C．contribute in more than one way

D．benefit from the distillation process

4. What does Kyrre Sundseth think of the project?

A．Promising.

B．Systematic.

C．Irreplaceable.

D．Time saving.

10 . Why do we like drinking water form plastic bottles? Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy — you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, they often buy bottles of cold water in summer.

However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a source (资源) of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldn’t need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we recycled all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, they don't recycle much of the plastic they use. In 2006, Greeks recycled only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and seas.

So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you recycled it, you would help the environment. But what can you do when there isn’t a recycling bin near you? Well, there are lots of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut a bottle in halves, you will have a plant pot. Go green! You can make a difference.

1. What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage? It’s ______.

A．expensive

B．healthy

C．clean

D．easy

2. Plastic products are made from ______.

A．energy

B．oil

C．soil

D．plants

3. ________ of plastic waste became rubbish in Greece in 2006.

A．10%

B．50%

C．80%

D．90%

4. Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles?

A．To drop them into the river.	B．To make a plant pot.
C．To make a piggy bank.	D．To recycle them.