你是青中高三学生刘明,你的英语老师 Mr. Lee 最近有些烦恼,因为他工作不顺心而正在考虑辞职。你作为他的得意门生。是支持还是反对他的决定呢?请你写一封信给他,表明你的态度,并且较详细地说明你的理由。
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6 . A Dream Come True
The young professor was working in his workshop in a narrow street in Boston, not far from Scollay Square. It was a very hot afternoon in June, but the man did not notice. He was totally absorbed in his strange machine which he had been working on for about three years. Suddenly he heard an almost inaudible sound, the first sound ever transmitted through a wire. The machine was the very first telephone and the young man was Alexander Graham Bell.
At the age of 16 Alexander started to help teach young deaf mutes, children who could not hear or speak. He used his father's system of ‘visible speech’, a form of sign language, and achieved amazing results.
Unfortunately, it was around this time that the fatal disease called the white plague, spread through Britain and both Alexander's brothers died.
Alexander was happy to move to Boston and continue the work he had started in Britain.
In order to survive financially Bell had to work on the music al telegraph, but he also continued working on his mechanical voice transmitter. He became so successful that he soon opened his own school called “The School of Vocal Physiology”. Almost a year later. in March 1876, the first words were heard coming through the phone.
A.However, he was so busy there that he did not have the time to work on his inventions. |
B.A few years later, while working in London, Alexander met two men who would play an important role in his life. |
C.This gave Alexander the opportunity to resume his experiments with sound transmitters. |
D.Alexander was spending so much time and energy on his inventions he did less and less work with his students and soon ran out of money. |
E.His grandfather had invented a system to help people with speech problems. |
F.As a result, Alexander and his parents left the country and moved to Canada. |
7 . The recipe for succeeding in any given field is hardly a mystery: good ideas, hard work, discipline, imagination, perseverance and maybe a little luck. Oh, and let’s not forget failure, which Dashun Wang and his colleagues at Northwestern University call “the essential prerequisite (先决条件) for success” in a new paper.
But not every failure leads to success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners from the losers, the research shows, certainly is not persistence. One of the more interesting findings in the paper. published last October in Nature, is that the people who eventually succeeded and the people who eventually failed tried basically the same number of times to achieve their goals.
It turns out that trying again and again only works if you learn from your previous failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard. “You have to figure out what worked and what didn't, and then focus on what needs to be improved instead of struggling around and changing everything,” says Wang. “The people who failed didn’t necessarily work less than those who succeeded. They could actually have worked more; it’s just that they made more unnecessary changes.”
As they explored “the mechanisms governing the dynamics of failure” and built their model, Wang’s team identified what they describe as previously unknown statistical signatures that separate successful groups from unsuccessful groups, making it possible to predict their final outcomes.
One such key indicator (besides keeping the stuff that works and focusing on what doesn’t) is the time between consecutive (连续的) failed attempts, which should decrease steadily. In other words, the faster you fail, the better your chances of success, and the more time between attempts, the more likely you are to fail again. “If someone has applied for a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just look at the timing between the failures, we will be able to predict whether they will eventually succeed or not.”
Working with such large-scale data, Wang and his colleagues were able to identify a critical point that was common to each of the hundreds of thousands of undertakings they had analyzed, a fork in the road where one path leads to a progression region and one leads to a stagnation region.
This diverging pattern of performance increases with each new attempt, says Wang, although in some cases it is apparent which region a person is in as early as the second attempt.
Wang points out that the existence of the tipping point cuts against the traditional explanations for failure or success, such as luck or a person’s work habits. “What we’re showing here is that even in the absence of such differences, you can still have very different outcomes,” he says. What matters is how people fail, how they respond to failure and where those failures lead.
1. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that _________.A.failure is not important for success at all |
B.winners are more persistent than losers |
C.more trying doesn’t necessarily breed success |
D.winners and losers differ in how many times they tried |
A.no one can obtain success without failure | B.the critical point had been discovered by chance |
C.the performance pattern is hard to identify | D.failures can sometimes help predict successes |
A.in its elementary sage | B.without progress |
C.unknown to outsiders | D.beyond recognition |
A.Perseverance is the utmost secret to success. |
B.Winners try less than losers but gain more. |
C.Luck and work habits make little difference to the result. |
D.Working smart can turn all failures into future successes. |
8 . ■Lisa — Exhibition programmes Organizer, Science Museum
I’M responsible for putting temporary exhibitions together. This includes planning and designing the exhibition and promoting it. I have to read up about the subject of the exhibition beforehand and then talk to important people in the area so that I can establish the main themes and alms of the exhibition, and plan what objects and pictures should be displayed. I have to make sure the public can understand the thinking behind the exhibition, which means planning Interactive displays, workshops and theatre. I also have to bring in engineers and electrician s to make sure the final display is not dangerous to visitors. Before the exhibition opens, I help design and write the leaflets that well use to tell people about it.
■Sarah — Marine conservationist
I live by the coast and work from home. This involves responding to telephone enouines, producing education al resources and setting up training courses. Occasionally, I go into our main office but generally I am on the coast. I also work with schools and study centres and run courses for coastal managers and those Involved in making decisions about the fate of the seas. I do things like take them out to sea in a boat in an attempt to make them think more about the life underneath them. This often changes their views as it’s very different from making decisions using a computer screen. I am extremely lucky because conservation is my hobby, so the job has many highs for me. The downside of the job is that I work for a charity, so there is a constant need for more money. This means I’m always looking for more resources and I’m not able to achieve everything I want.
■Janet — Teacher of London Taxi Drivers
THE first thing I do when I get here at 7.30 a. m. is check the accounts. Then I see what new maps and documents need to be produced in order to learn the runs or routes necessary to pass the London taxi- driver test By midday, about 50 students are in school, working out how to make the journeys. They work out the most direct route, using the correct one- way streets, and right-and left-hand turns. I get involved when there’s a difference of opinion — like whether you can do a right turn ala particular junction. When they’ re close to the test, I’ll give them a simple route and no matter what way they say they’ll go. I’ll tell them they have to use another route because the road is closed. The next student will have to find a third route and again. I’ll come up with a reason why they can’t go that way. It’s just to make them think.
■Chris — Map Publisher
MY work is pretty varied. I have to make sure that the publishing programme matches market requirements, and ensure that we keep stocks of 300 or so of the books that we publish. We have very high standards of information and content. We receive many letters from readers on issues such as the representation of international boundaries and these in particular require a careful response. I discuss future projects and current sales with co- publishers. I work as part of an enthusiastic Group which makes the job that much more enjoyable. The negative side, as with many jobs, is that there is far too much administration to deal with, which leaves less time to work on the more interesting tasks such as product development and design.
1. According to the passage, whose job involves much outdoor work?A.Lisa’s. | B.Sarah’s. | C.Janet’s. | D.Chris’s. |
A.Lisa | B.Sarah | C.Janet | D.Chris |
A.Financial limitation. | B.Lack of time for something interesting for her. |
C.Readers’ misunderstanding. | D.Too much negotiations with co- publishers. |
The Mystery of the Haunted House
In a small, secluded town, there stood an old, abandoned house. Legends said it was haunted, but Detective Alex didn’t believe in such superstitions. One day, he received a call from a local historian who claimed
Detective Alex decided to investigate. Approaching the house, he felt a chill in the air. The door was slightly ajar, creaking eerily in the wind. He noticed some faint footprints of different sizes in the dust around the entrance, indicating that there might be more than one person
He first explored the living room, on
He quickly made his way down and saw
Back at the police station, he analyzed the fabric and found that it was from a common brand of clothing. The fingerprints from the glass were run through the database, but no matches were found immediately. He studied the markings from the attic and was at a loss.
Following the coordinates, he arrived at an abandoned warehouse on the outskirts of town where he found a group of thieves who were using the haunted house as a decoy to hide their stolen goods. They had created the spooky sounds and lights to keep people away. With the case solved, the town was relieved, and Detective Alex’s reputation as a brilliant detective was