1 . “Tie an Italian’s hands behind his back,” runs an old joke, “and he’ll be speechless.” This rests on a national stereotype: Italians are talkative and emotional, and all that arm-waggling supposedly goes to prove it.

Susan Goldin-Meadow of the University of Chicago has a rather different view. Emotions come out in lots of ways: facial expressions, posture, tone of voice and so on. But people are doing something different when they use gestures with speech, which she sums up in the title of her new book, “Thinking with Your Hands”. It is a masterly tour through a lifetime’s research.

Virtually everyone gestures, not just Italians. Experimental subjects, told after a research session that they were being watched for gestures, apologize for not having made any — but were doing so the entire time. People born blind gesture when they speak, including to each other. A woman born without arms but with “phantom limb syndrome (幻肢综合征)” describes how she uses her phantom arms when she talks — but not when she walks. All this suggests that cognition is, to some extent, “embodied”; thinking is not all done in your head.

In fact, gestures that accompany speech are a second channel of information. Subjects watch a film in which a cat runs but are told to lie and say it jumped. They do so in words — while their hands make a running motion. People who say they believe in sexual equality but gesture with their hands lower when talking about women are not indicating women’s height; they can be shown to have biases of which they may be unaware.

In “The Crown”, a historical drama series, Lady Diana is warned that her hands may betray her real emotions, which could be dangerous; they are tied together so she can learn to speak without gesticulating. No one who reads Susan’s book could ever again think that gesturing shows only a lack of control. It is about thinking and communication, and is a sophisticated aid to both.

1. Why does the author mention the old joke in Paragraph 1?

A．To present an argument.	B．To describe a scene.
C．To lead in the topic.	D．To clarify a doubt.

2. Which statement will Susan Goldin-Meadow probably agree with?

A．The disabled seldom use gestures.	B．Gestures literally embody cognition.
C．Thinking only occurs inside the brain.	D．Gestures are improper in communication.

3. What does the author try to prove in the last two paragraphs?

A．Gestures may express what the speaker really thinks.

B．People are unaware of the meanings of their gestures.

C．Gesturing during speech shows only a lack of control.

D．Speakers can lie more easily with the help of gestures.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Speech: A Direct Channel of Information	B．Gestures: A Vital Form of Communication
C．Italian’s Body Language: A National Stereotype	D．Thinking with Your Hands: A Lifetime’s Research

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Voyager Program was conceived as a grand tour of the solar system. It was actually     1     engineer in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that realized in the late ‘70s there was going to be a     2     (gold) opportunity. And that was     3     the planets were all going to more or less line up on one side of the sun. And that’s really important when you’re trying to explore one planet after another, because of course all the planets in the solar system are orbiting     4     (independent). Sometimes we’re on, say, the same side of the sun as Jupiter is     5     sometimes Jupiter is way on the other side of the sun from us, you know, many, many, many billions of miles away. So, there was this time coming in the late ’70s       6     you could launch a spacecraft and it could actually go to Jupiter, but then onto Saturn, because they were both on the same side of the sun, and you could even possibly get Uranus and Neptune and maybe even Pluto.

The fly-by trips     7     (involve) the four planets became known as the Voyager “Grand Tour.” And this was the Voyager program: Voyager I and Voyager II. NASA officials have said that when first     8     (launch), the Voyager mission was expected to last five years. Both Voyagers are the only spacecraft so far     9     (explore) interstellar (星际的) space. And over the last couple of years, we     10     (follow) them through this transition truly out of the range of our solar system.

3 . In 1967, my husband and I graduated from college with financial challenges. We struggled to make both _________ meet because of our low-paying jobs as well as college loans. The birth of our son that summer _________ our financial pressure.

Later we got involved socially with a community of couples. They _________ our values and had insights to offer on parenting. This group of people went to many places and engaged in various activities. They _________ made us feel welcome although our finances often _________ our participation.

One summer, the group _________ a picnic and requested we bring potato chips. I was _________ that I didn’t have to spend much on the event. So I bought two large bags of the least expensive brand of potato chips I could find. _________, we got to the state park, only to find a real feast laid out — chicken, watermelon, home-made salads, and desserts. _________, I thought about leaving but a friend reassured (使……安心) me that our time to make a __________ for the feast would come.

Decades have passed. Now, as my husband and I approach retirement with our grown son, that picnic remains __________ in my memory. Our friends’ kindness has __________ how we perceive and assist others. We may never repay those who once provided for us, but we continue the tradition of __________, supporting our struggling younger friends.

That day, the feast symbolized a(n) __________ of gratitude, not to be repaid, but to be paid forward. It serves as a __________ of the lasting power of community and kindness.

1.

A．terms

B．routes

C．ends

D．sides

2.

A．allowed for

B．sorted out

C．resulted in

D．added to

3.

A．challenged

B．shared

C．reflected

D．acknowledged

4.

A．hopefully

B．originally

C．consistently

D．occasionally

5.

A．encouraged

B．restricted

C．refused

D．facilitated

6.

A．advertised

B．funded

C．delivered

D．organized

7.

A．relieved

B．satisfied

C．astonished

D．convinced

8.

A．Instead

B．Therefore

C．Moreover

D．However

9.

A．Depressed

B．Disappointed

C．Embarrassed

D．Worried

10.

A．return

B．fortune

C．difference

D．reform

11.

A．available

B．fresh

C．distant

D．untouched

12.

A．evaluated

B．calculated

C．influenced

D．defined

13.

A．innovation

B．cooperation

C．royalty

D．generosity

14.

A．debt

B．favor

C．advance

D．investment

15.

A．chance

B．motive

C．reminder

D．turn

4 . Dr. Joseph Dituri, who is 55 and known as “Dr. Deep Sea”, has just finished an amazing adventure. For 100 days, the University of South Florida scientist lived in a small room underwater. He set a new world record, beating the old record of 73 days.

The farther you go below the ocean’s surface, the greater the pressure. The mission, known as Project Neptune 100, was a scientific attempt to study the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for a continuous period. In his undersea room, Dr. Dituri was living with pressure that was about 66% greater than the pressure on the surface. He believed that high pressure could help people live longer and stay healthier as they get older and that it could also help doctors treat different medical problems, including brain injuries.

Actually, Dr. Dituri went through several big changes. For one thing, he became 1.3 centimeters shorter during his time at the higher pressure undersea. He was also able to sleep much better. His physical conditions greatly improved in a couple of other ways, too.

While he was living underwater, Dr. Dituri stayed busy. He used the project as an educational experience for the youth. “I have communicated with thousands of young people to get them interested in science, technology, engineering and math,” he said. He had online chats with over 5,500 students from 15 different countries. Meanwhile, he kept teaching his college classes and worked with other marine experts to figure out ways to protect and take care of the ocean.

Dr. Dituri said his favorite part of the project was talking with young people. “If we can get people excited about science, that would be a great success to me!” he said. “Maybe one day, one of them will come back and break the record I just set. My greatest hope is that I can inspire a new generation of researchers to push back the boundaries.”

1. Why did Dr. Dituri have the adventure?

A．To learn how human bodies respond to high pressure.

B．To research the underwater life better.

C．To draw attention to a healthy lifestyle.

D．To beat the previous world record.

2. What happened to Dr. Dituri?

A．His state of health stabilized.	B．He was forced to live a busy life.
C．His height changed slightly.	D．He suffered from sleep problems.

3. What does Dr. Dituri want to inspire young people to do through the project?

A．Develop enthusiasm for science.	B．Challenge themselves bravely.
C．Expand scientific boundaries.	D．Protect the ocean actively.

4. How can we describe Dr. Dituri?

A．He is high-powered and caring.	B．He is determined and inspiring.
C．He is open-minded and insightful.	D．He is committed and optimistic.

5 . 近期你校对中秋、国庆双节学生度假情况进行了调查，并且制作成了图表。请你就此写一篇短文。要求如下：

1.描述图表内容。

2.发表你的看法及建议。

注意：1.词数 80 左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

How to make holidays count

As is shown in the graph,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . Humans eat an astonishing amount of meat every year-some 800 billion pounds of it, enough flesh to fill roughly 28 million dump trucks. Our desire for meat, particularly in industrialized countries like the United States, is one reason why the planet is warming as fast as it is. Raising animals consumes a lot of land that could otherwise soak up carbon. Cows, sheep, and goats give out heat-trapping methane (甲烷). And to grow the corn, soy, and other plants that those animals eat, farmers spray fertilizer that emits nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮), another planet-warming gas.

Cutting out meat sounds like an effective approach. But what would happen if everyone actually stopped eating meat tomorrow? Such a quick shift probably wouldn’t cause the sort of turmoil that would come if the planet immediately abandoned fossil fuels. But still, the consequence could be quite chaotic, causing different problems.

Researchers say the economic damage caused by the sudden disappearance of meat would fall disproportionately on low-income countries with farming economies, like Niger or Kenya, where farming and raising livestock are critical sources of income. Getting rid of livestock overnight would not only deprive many people of essential nutrients, but also threaten food security, especially in regions like South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Besides, there’s the issue of cultural damage. Taking away meat, according to Wilson Warren, a history professor at Western Michigan University, would do more than just deprive Americans of hot dogs and hamburgers and Italians of salami.

Rejecting meat entirely, let alone immediately, isn’t an ideal solution to the climate crisis. Dutkiewicz, a political economist at the Pratt Institute, suggested using guidelines established by the EAT-Lancet Commission, an international group of scientists who have designed a diet intended to give people the nutrients they need without destroying the planet.

1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

A．Feeding animals costs more than growing plants.

B．The USA consumes the most meat annually.

C．Meat consumption may increase global warming.

D．Fertilizer should be banned around the world.

2. What does the underlined word “turmoil” mean in paragraph 2?

A．Prediction.

B．Disorder.

C．Pollution.

D．Shortage.

3. Abandoning meat immediately might lead to ______.

A．the global crisis	B．improved well-being
C．cultural diversity	D．food safety issues

4. What might the author continue talking about?

A．The declining meat industry.	B．Specific diet suggestions.
C．Global climate crisis.	D．Farmers’ protest.

7 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Kevin and I were friends in the elementary school. As honor students, both of us sat in the front of the class, but in opposite sides. He was the smartest boy I’d ever known, who almost always got straight A’s in study. Actually, I was second only to him. Part of me wanted to hate him, but I couldn’t. After all, we were close companions. Instead, I envied him and longed with all my heart to be just like him.

Mrs. Becker, our teacher, was a patient, kind old lady. She would flash a pleasant smile, when the class got into an argument, and patiently guide us toward the correct answer. Last week, Mrs. Becker, put a big circle on the blackboard and said it was a pizza pie. “David,” she said to me, “If I were to divide the pizza, would you like one-third or one-tenth?”. Ten is the bigger number, so that’s what I picked. At that moment, Kevin started waving his hand in the air, shouting that he chose one-third. Mrs. Becker drew lines on the circle, showing that Kevin’s piece of the pie was bigger than mine. “David’s gonna get hungry,” Kevin joked. Then the whole class was laughing. My expression changed from a half smile, to a half frown, to one hundred percent unhappy face.

With a mixture of bitterness and envy slipping into my heart, I began to argue with him on purpose during the rest of class. Thus, a heated argument unavoidably broke out when a controversial topic appeared. After hearing our separate statements patiently, Mrs. Becker brought us up to the front of the class and placed Kevin on one side of her desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large, round object. I could clearly see that it was black. She asked Kevin what color the object was. “White,” he answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object was white, when it was obviously black!

1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Another argument started between us, but this time about the color of the object.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Then, Mrs. Becker asked us what the color of the object was, after we changed places.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . Norman Lear, a genius producer and screenwriter, passed away on Tuesday in Los Angeles at the age of 101. “Lear’s hit comedy shows changed television forever,” said Darnel Hunt, a leading artist on TV.

Lear grew up in an ordinary family in Connecticut, where an unexpected accident brought about his father’s business collapse. So he had to drop out of college and joined the army. In his late 20s, he moved to Los Angeles where he struggled hard for several years, selling furniture door to door. Later on, unsatisfied with his life, he eventually turned to writing for a nightclub comedy act.

By 1971, when he was almost 50, Lear had produced and directed some shows, among which was the hit show All in the Family. In the beginning, it didn’t get on the air smoothly. However, once it did, this show made it to the top 10 for eight of its nine seasons, promising Lear’s life was to change.

This successful show was just the beginning of Lear’s dominating position in comedy shows. Then came The Jeffersons, about a family on its way up. It ran for eleven seasons, one of the longest running comedy shows on television, becoming another successful story. When interviewed about the hit of his shows, Lear said, “Our team read two or three newspapers a day, paid a lot of attention to our families, and came in to talk about everything that was affecting us in our daily lives.” Therefore, it came as no surprise that viewers had a sense of Lear’s own family after watching All in the Family.

“Routinely, Lear’s shows might get fifty or sixty million viewers. He was in direct contact with the living rooms and families of the country,” says Marty Kaplan, founding director of the Norman Lear Center. “Lear did everything with humor and sympathy.”

1. What can we learn about Lear from the first two paragraphs?

A．He led a challenging life in his twenties.

B．His shows had little impact on television.

C．His father expected him to be a screenwriter.

D．He received good education despite his father’s business failure.

2. Which factor may contribute to the success of Lear’s shows?

A．His shows reflected real daily life.	B．His shows featured surprise endings.
C．His shows go on the air immediately.	D．His shows dominated the comedy industry.

3. What can we infer from Marty Kaplan’s words in the last paragraph?

A．Lear promoted his shows to families directly.

B．Lear won widespread popularity for his shows.

C．Lear carried out face-to-face interactions with viewers.

D．Lear always focuses on the themes of humor and sympathy.

4. Where is this text probably taken from?

A．A comedy script.	B．A story collection.
C．A literature review.	D．A news report.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The traditional Chinese painting is     1     (fundamental) an abstract art form. Objects in Chinese paintings are a less direct copy of the natural world,     2     comparison to Western paintings. Actually, the Chinese painting aims to demonstrate a     3     (harmony) relation between the natural world and human emotion.

What Chinese painters would like to produce in their paintings is not a visual effect of colors and patterns that Western painters tend     4     (achieve). The description of objects in Chinese paintings is by no means accurate because few painters     5     (concern) about their exact size or shape. What they want to seek is a spiritual world in their mind     6     nature provides exactly basic elements. This is how Chinese painters view nature. Remote mountains and running streams     7     (be) the primary materials of their thinking and creating since ancient times. Chinese artists often say that the artists first need to have a thorough and deep understanding of the natural     8     (exist) before drawing.

With a long history of China, generations of Chinese painters express thoughts on the material world through this unique art form and leave a valuable treasure to the Chinese. Nowadays, the Chinese painting, as     9     important part of global culture, has become increasingly attractive across the world,     10     (enjoy) great popularity at home and abroad.

10 . My mom enjoyed inviting people for Thanksgiving. After my family moved far away from all our _________, Mom started filling the house with _________ guests—whoever had nowhere else to go for Thanksgiving.

I missed our big family gatherings before moving here, but Mom had a(n) _________ heart. This year, when Mom showed me her guest list, almost half the size of our small town’s _________, I was annoyed.

Our first guests arrived: three foreign exchange students. Mom’s original plan was to _________ one. But she was told those unable to go home sometimes _________ in tears, so here came three. The next guests _________ through the door, a single mom and her six kids. With more guests, the volume and the temperature in the house instantly _________. Luckily, dinner was ready before the house or I _________. However, seeing my name card placed among the six kids, I murmured angrily, “How would I get such an __________ seat?”

After dinner, Mom suggested sharing something we were thankful for—another annual __________ at our house. “I’m so __________ to your family for opening up home to us.” The single mom spoke with watery eyes. Then one student expressed how much it __________ to be with a family on Thanksgiving.

Suddenly something __________ me: the essence of generosity and inclusion. Thanksgiving is about more than family—it’s about a shared __________ full of kindness.

1.

A．colleagues

B．relatives

C．neighbours

D．strangers

2.

A．close

B．random

C．specific

D．favorite

3.

A．generous

B．energetic

C．curious

D．powerful

4.

A．applicants

B．beggars

C．population

D．volunteers

5.

A．shelter

B．award

C．repay

D．host

6.

A．set out

B．took over

C．broke down

D．showed up

7.

A．burst

B．dropped

C．pulled

D．fell

8.

A．recovered

B．declined

C．rose

D．stretched

9.

A．exploded

B．suffered

C．slid

D．withdrew

10.

A．impressive

B．unlucky

C．unusual

D．awesome

11.

A．contest

B．opportunity

C．anticipation

D．tradition

12.

A．grateful

B．sympathetic

C．familiar

D．addicted

13.

A．cost

B．worked

C．remained

D．meant

14.

A．inspired

B．convinced

C．struck

D．drilled

15.

A．welfare

B．community

C．friendship

D．future