1 . Yoga has a well-deserved reputation for helping improve balance and flexibility and for inducing calm and relaxation.     1     While you might not burn as many calories by practicing yoga as you would by running or doing some other high-intensity activities, yoga can still raise your heart rate and help build muscle. Here’s more about how yoga is a complete body and mind workout.

·Reduce stress and reduce pounds. Yoga helps deal with stress.     2     Yoga has an impact on the body’s stress response and reduces the production of chemicals linked to weight gain, such as cortisol (皮质醇), a stress hormone.

·Move well and eat well.     3     Participants involved in yoga practice realize that they tend to notice not only the amount of food they eat, but also what type of foods they eat and the impact of eating those foods. They become aware of the effect of certain foods on their bodies during their yoga practice.

·    4     Doing yoga long term not only can help people lose weight but also can strengthen cognitive skills to help keep it off. A multiyear study examines the possibility of yoga maintaining weight loss. Its findings suggest that yoga may help to improve long-term weight loss outcomes via improvements in distress tolerance, self-compassion and a more positive mood.

Yoga is a very reasonable form of exercise, but you have to choose the right type. A 2021 study found no difference in weight loss totals for participants practicing a gentle, restorative yoga versus a more vigorous type of yoga.     5     Everybody can benefit from a yoga practice.

A．Make weight loss last.

B．Learn about cognitive skills.

C．Studies show that high levels of cortisol can lead to an increase in fat.

D．Several studies have confirmed that doing yoga does raise cortisol levels.

E．Yoga helps break old dietary habits and related unconscious patterns of behavior.

F．Actually, the best yoga is the practice that fits for you — the one you’ll commit to.

G．But as for weight loss, many people assume other types of exercise will benefit more.

2 . Eating ultra-processed (超加工的) foods for more than 20％ of your daily calorie intake every day can set you on the road to cognitive (认知的) decline, according to a new study. Previous studies have found they can raise the risk of having obesity, heart and circulation problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, the new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the areas of the brain involved in executive (决策的) functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.

In fact, men and women who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster rate of global cognitive decline and a 25% faster rate of executive function decline compared with people who ate the least amount of overly processed food, the new study found. “While in need of further study and replication, the new results are quite convincing and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as we get older,” said Tanzi, a Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study.

The study, presented on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in San Diego, followed over 10,000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10 years. Just over half of the study participants were women.

Cognitive testing, which included immediate and delayed word recall, word recognition and verbal fluency were performed at the beginning and end of the study, and the participants were inquired about their diet. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of the total calorie intake. We eat a lot of hamburgers, chocolate and white bread. It’s not very different, unfortunately, from many other western countries,” said co-author Dr. Claudia Suemoto, an assistant professor.

Ultra-processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances (oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives”, according to the study.

1. What is Tanzi’s attitude towards the new study?

A．Objective.	B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.	D．Disapproving.

2. What can we know about the new study?

A．Its participants were over 50 years old.

B．It followed the participants for a period of time.

C．It proved men had a faster rate of cognitive decline than women.

D．It first found ultra-processed foods could raise the risk of obesity.

3. What were the participants asked to do in the study?

A．Eat their favorite foods.

B．Introduce their daily routine.

C．Enhance their verbal fluency.

D．Take a series of cognitive tests.

4. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A．The substances of ultra-processed foods

B．The appropriate intake of ultra-processed foods

C．Cognitive decline linked to ultra-processed foods

D．Ultra-processed foods causing executive functioning loss

3 . It wasn’t until I graduated from college that I subsequently realized that knowledge is so endless that I was able to learn for pleasure. A sense of curiosity, rather than perfectionism, guided me. I started to see dictionaries as field guides to the life of language. Looking up words encountered in the wild felt less like a failure and more like an admission that I still didn’t know lots of things and an opportunity to discover more.

I cherish my 1954 copy of Webster’s New International Dictionary given by my roommate. I often consult it during the evening games of Scrabble or midday magazine reading. I mostly read novels at night, in bed, so when I come across unfamiliar words, I fold the bottom of the page and then look them up word by word. When I start encountering these words, the language world seems to shrink to the size of a small town.

Wikipedia answers questions with more questions, opening up pages of information you never asked for. But a dictionary builds on common knowledge, using simple words to explain more complex ones. Using one feels as if I’m opening an oyster (牡蛎)with curiosity. Unknown words become mysteries, and solving them gives me satisfaction. Why always leave them up to guesswork? Why not consult a dictionary and feel the instant contentment of pairing context with a definition?

Dictionaries reward you for paying attention, both to the things you consume and to your own curiosity. They are an entrance into the kind of childish urge to just know things, which I had before learning became a duty instead of a game.

For most of you, dictionaries are a gateway into that kind of unconsidered knowledge-seeking. They remind you that, when it comes to learning, allowing your curiosity is just as important as paying attention. After all, isn’t curiosity really just another form of attention? Following your curiosity instead of pushing it away, consult your dictionary and feel connected to more than what’s right in front of you.

1. What does consulting dictionaries mean to the author?

A．A guide to shape his character.

B．A complete admission of failure.

C．A chance to explore the unknown.

D．A unique way of perfecting himself.

2. What does “cherish” underlined in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Lose.	B．Prize.
C．Edit.	D．Publish.

3. Why is Wikipedia mentioned in paragraph 3?

A．To show advantages of dictionaries.

B．To indicate the importance of technology.

C．To introduce another powerful learning tool.

D．To prove the benefits of using the search engine.

4. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?

A．Make an appeal.

B．Raise doubts.

C．Give a warning.

D．Express thanks.

4 . Introduction to Life Is Simple

Life Is Simple is a book that has affected the course of science, and it tells us an important principle.

Price: £25.00

Weight:600g

Dimension: 236 mm X 160 mm x 40 mm

Supply: Hardcover |384 pages

Description:

Life Is Simple tells a remarkable story of how a thirteenth century man’s search for simplicity led to the development of the modern world. The book begins with the hero at the Middle Ages, William Occam, who devoted himself to exploring philosophy, and first expressed clearly the principle that the best answer to any problem is the simplest. The famous theory from him cut through the bushes of the Middle Ages’ philosophy dealing with the nature of existence, truth and knowledge to clear a path for modern science.

We follow the theory in the hands of the giants of science, from Copernicus to Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Rubin and Higgs. Its success suggests that we live in the simplest possible habitable universe and supports the revolutionary theory that our universe has gradually formed. By highlighting the very human passion, curiosity, mistakes and struggles of those who were inspired by the theory to create the modern world, Johnjoe McFadden provides new understanding into what science is really about. And the principle of simplicity is as practical today as ever.

1. What do we know about Life Is Simple?

A．Its topic is about modern science.

B．Its main character loves philosophy.

C．It regards giants of science as its heroes.

D．It has a large size with six hundred pages.

2. Who is the author of Life Is Simple?

A．William Occam.	B．Johnjoe McFadden.
C．Newton.	D．Einstein.

3. Who is most probably interested in Life Is Simple?

A．A student majoring in art.

B．A doctor expert at child psychology.

C．A singer crazy about western culture.

D．A teenager curious about science and life.

5 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Sam was a junior high school student. He lived in a community in Charlotte and usually had little exposure to country life. So much of what he knew about plants came from text-books. Sam was a kind-hearted person. He longed for a chance to explore nature and he wanted to do his part to beautify the world.

Finally, the opportunity came. On Arbor Day (植树节), his class organized a trip to a local village to plant trees. Sam was excited about it and couldn’t wait to tell his mom the good news. So the next day, Sam and his mom went to buy some tools for planting trees, including a shovel(铲), a bucket, gloves and so on.

On the day of the event, Sam and his classmates arrived early at the starting point. It was a beautiful day and everyone looked particularly happy. With the tools in hand, Sam got into the bus with everyone else and headed off to their destination.

As soon as they reached the village, all the students were divided into three teams by their teacher. One team was responsible for planting the trees, one team for shovelling the soil and one team for watering the trees. At the teacher’s command, everyone started to do their job.

However, it was the first time that many of the students had taken part in planting trees, so they had no idea about how to start. Of course, Sam was one of them. Fortunately, their teacher was a middle-aged man from the countryside who had some knowledge of planting trees. In order to set an example to the students, the teacher started to plant trees himself. After watching the teacher plant the trees, everyone also became busy. Before long, they planted hundreds of trees. Sam watched very carefully, not wanting to miss any of the details. Finally, Sam learned how to plant trees by himself and felt happy.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A few days later, a storm damaged some young trees in the community.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The neighbours praised Sam for what he had done.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Owing to the spread of COVID-19, visiting loved ones has become something seemingly impossible.

Even so, when 9-year-old Romeo Cox decided what he wanted more than anything else was a hug from his 77-year-old grandmother, he didn’t let any small things, like separation, or that she was 1,700 miles away and there were no flights from his new home in Sicily to his native UK, stop him from making the trip.

“I hadn’t seen Granny for ages, so I planned secretly to go see her,” Romeo said in an interview with the Times. His parents disagreed at first, but Romeo finally talked them into letting him make the trip.

With his folks’ blessing, Romeo turned his plans into action. “I drew a map. I would walk and take boats,” he told the Times. “And I’d take Dad. It would be handy to have an adult.”

Handy indeed, since Romeo’s father, 46-year-old Phil Cox, is a retired journalist and filmmaker whose rich experiences gave him invaluable knowledge about making the way in less than ideal conditions.

Romeo and Phil set off on their journey on June 20. The pair trekked (跋涉) across Italy, Switzerland, and France.

注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:

While travelling, the two did meet some hardships or danger.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

On September 21, father and son finally made it to Grandma Rosemary’s home in London.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A great many young Chinese audiences have taken to     1     (society) media to talk about pursuing their dreams after learning about the life of the master poet     2     lived 1,300 years ago in the historical documentary Li Bai on CCTV-9.

The four-episode documentary took three years     3     (film) as the crew traveled to eight provinces around China. The program aims to restore a well-rounded image of the great poet Li Bai     4     (base) on solid historical records, as well as the     5     (late) research carried out by experts and scholars.

The third episode     6     (main) tells the stories between Li and his friend, another famous poet, Du Fu. Their friendship is referred to     7     a “fairy friendship”.

“If Du Fu is the greatest poet in China, then Li Bai is the most talented poet in the history of Chinese poetry,” Jiang Yufang,     8     professor of ancient Chinese literature at the Chinese National Academy of Arts, told the Global Times on Sunday.

Much of Li’s life     9     (reflect) in his poetry: his romance, chivalry, heroism, and freedom while traveling around the mountains and rivers of China, and his unappreciated and tough career path.

“Many people who like Li Bai’s poetry actually like the spirit he conveyed—the spirit of never giving up and     10     (dream) about contributing to society, just like many young people who have the same dream in this era,” said Jiang.

8 . Born with polio (小儿麻痹症), Ryder Killam started using a wheelchair at two. When he started kindergarten, Ryder had to be _________ 75 feet to the end of the driveway to wait for the school bus every day. He had to _________ rain, wind, and snow while waiting for the bus, so his father Tim put up a patio umbrella (庭院伞) to provide some   _________ from the elements. But it didn’t accomplish much unless it was just a rainy day with no _________ otherwise he still would get wet and not stay warm.

Tim _________ to the community for an old bus hut but no luck. Then he _________ a post on Facebook to see if someone could help build Ryder a new one. Dan McKena, who had been teaching construction technology, responded with an “_________”. Three of Mr Mckena’s classes at Westerly High School _________ the project. They worked hard for numerous weeks, _________ by the cause and knowing that soon a __________ winter would be falling. On November 2, the hut was finally delivered to the home.

It was big enough to allow such great __________ for Ryder and an adult to be with him comfortably. Ryder’s first     __________ was “Wow! Perfectly!” He loved it and wanted to hang out in it all the time. The family sent a photo of Ryder in the bus __________ and thanked Dan and his students for their hard work. The teens were extremely __________ to see just how their project has helped others. This project brought out community together a bit. It showed that there is still so much __________ in this world and town!

1.

A．driven

B．pushed

C．hidden

D．carried

2.

A．survive

B．observe

C．admire

D．battle

3.

A．decoration

B．experience

C．protection

D．entertainment

4.

A．snow

B．wind

C．fog

D．frost

5.

A．reached out

B．gave in

C．held on

D．set down

6.

A．found

B．sought

C．placed

D．answered

7.

A．absolutely

B．obviously

C．impossibly

D．incredibly

8.

A．completed

B．abandoned

C．launched

D．rejected

9.

A．shocked

B．confused

C．reminded

D．motivated

10.

A．hard

B．mild

C．dry

D．late

11.

A．variety

B．access

C．passion

D．treasure

12.

A．choice

B．action

C．decision

D．reaction

13.

A．station

B．company

C．shelter

D．seat

14.

A．excited

B．lucky

C．astonished

D．uncertain

15.

A．conflict

B．good

C．misfortune

D．fun

9 . No matter where you go, you’ll notice something strange about trees—the fact that their bottoms are painted white. Generally speaking, the purpose of whitewashing is to protect trees from heat and insects.     1    . Let’s check them out!

Blocking the sun

You might sometimes notice that some tree trunks’ surfaces get dry and crack easily.     2    . Simply put, they are exposed to the burning sun and the temperatures change wildly between day and night. Fortunately, painting a tree’s trunk white is similar to adding sunscreen, which helps block the sun.

Heat protection

    3    .White paint reflects the heat and allows trees to spend more time on transpiration (蒸腾) and growing their fruits. Additionally, when trees are cooler, they have less stress, which makes their stomata (气孔) stay open a bit longer for the exchange of gases.

Defending against pests

More often than not, a tree’s surface will crack, allowing insects to creep inside.     4    . Therefore, people whitewash trees using latex paint and water, which prevents insects from climbing up trees and entering inside through the cracks.

    5    

Last but not least, the surface of trees is painted white to make them more visible, specifically for those on the side of the road. Why is that important? Because accidents involving trees are extremely common, especially during the night, when drivers can not see them much more clearly.

A．Stopping accidents

B．Improving visibility

C．Whitewashing is a good way to solve the problem

D．The cause of this phenomenon has already been found

E．Whitewashing helps young trees remain cool in spring

F．However, there’re many other reasons for whitewashing trees

G．Bacteria will feed on the tree’s inner parts, eventually killing it

10 . A man paralyzed from the neck down has gained the ability to type words with his brain about as fast as the average smartphone user, a new study says.

This “mindwriting” was done through a science-fiction sounding brain-computer interface (BCI) (接口) that picked up neural signals and fed them into an algorithm (算法) which translated them into letters. The secret to the success, and why this particular BCI was able to produce words at such a faster rate than other BCIs in the past, was that it tracked the brain signals of the patient, known as T5, as he imagined writing them down with a pen—a skill which remains in our motor skill system for years after paralysis.

“With this BCI, our study participant achieved typing speeds of 90 characters per minute,” wrote the study group, whose paper can be read in Nature. “To our knowledge, these typing speeds exceed (超过) those reported for any other BCI, and are comparable to typical smartphone typing speeds of individuals in the age group of our participant.” The study had conducted other trials with different BCIs before, in which they used eye-monitoring equipment, but found it required tremendous attention and focus from the user.

The new BCI isn’t yet developed enough to be called a prototype, meaning it will likely be years before more paralysis victims can regain their ability to communicate. However, this also means the room for improvement is much higher, explained one scientist, speaking with CNN.

1. How does mindwriting work?

A．It improves motor skill system.	B．It tracks people’s hand signals.
C．It writes signals down with pens.	D．It translates neural signals into words.

2. How do the study group support their findings?

A．By giving examples.	B．By analyzing causes.
C．By making reference.	D．By making comparisons.

3. What does the underlined word “prototype” mean in the last paragraph?

A．Thought.

B．Model.

C．Reminder.

D．Barrier.

4. What’s the most suitable title for the text?

A．A New BCI Picks up Neural Signals

B．Mindwriting Helps Paralyzed Patients Write Fast

C．Paralyzed Patients Write as Fast as Smartphone Users

D．Paralysis Victims Regain Social Skills through Mindwriting