1 . There was no way to escape when they spotted a polar bear. Verena Mohaupt and a handful of colleagues were trapped on a floating sea ice while the bear gazed at them, smelling the air, a dangerous sign.

“That’s when everything kicks in,” Mohaupt says, “and you focus on what’s important.” As a colleague fired into the sky as a warning shot, Mohaupt radioed their research ship a few kilometres away, whose helicopter luckily arrived quickly and Mohaupt didn’t have to use the gun that was hanging over her shoulder.

Keeping a lookout for bears was a regular duty for Mohaupt, the logistics coordinator(后勤协调员) for a year-long mission known as the MOSAiC——the largest Arctic research exploration in history. The project, consisting of roughly 300 scientists, led by scientist MarkusRex, has collected massive measurements that will help better forecast how warming will transform the globe in the coming decades. For months, the exploration operated in constant darkness while polar bears wandered nearby, storms rocked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked. Then, when the Sun returned, the ice began to melt, creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare for researchers who needed to keep their instruments from sinking.

Tasked with the security of the mission, Mohaupt designed an extensive training course for the participants in which they learnt how to avoid the danger, like storm-rocking and ice-cracking. They jumped into a Norwegian channel in their survival suits and climbed out of the freezing waters using only their ice picks. They learnt how to escape from a crashed helicopter. And they discussed the psychological effects of being far from home. Mohaupt brought knitting equipment, yoga mats and a violin for their men tal health——although having been prepared for the isolation.

Mohaupt didn’t expect a career in polar regions, but says she has always been drawn to the north. “She was there to make sure that we were protected,” says Markus Rex, “Mohaupt is certainly the champion in the field.”

1. Why does the author mention a polar bear in the beginning?

A．To show the threat of bears.	B．To tell an interesting story.
C．To introduce Mohaupt’s job.	D．To describe the polar scenery.

2. What can we know from paragraph 3?

A．The working conditions were tough.	B．Mohaupt helped to collect massive data.
C．The exploration went on in total darkness.	D．Mohaupt’s duty was to protect polar bears.

3. Which of the following best describes Mohaupt?

A．Ambitious and brave.	B．Passionate and dependent.
C．Considerate and modest.	D．Professional and responsible.

4. What is a suitable title for the text?

A．A Potential Danger in the Exploration.	B．A Guardian Angel of Polar Researchers.
C．A Great Scientific Exploration in History.	D．A Great Female Scientist in Polar Research.

2 . Good evening everyone!

I hope to pick your brain on potential advertising strategies and gaining new customers for my boyfriend’s car repair shop.

He has been in business for 3 years and is fairly successful, but we are trying to increase the number of chargeable hours. While he was doing repair work, I took over all the administrative duties. The first thing on my to-do list was to get him on social media. I was floored that he had no social media presence, which is not surprising considering he is old school.

Now, he has a business Facebook page and an Instagram account, although it may not be worth much yet. We are working on a weekly “feature” for both platforms in order to create some interest.

He doesn’t want to do coupons (优惠券) or discounts or anything like that, and I understand why. His labor rate is already significantly lower than anyone else in the area, and his overall costs are lower as well. This is where I am a bit lost——how can we effectively attract more customers without a hook? My guess would be focusing on the value, but I’m not sure how well that will work out.

We are considering sending postcards as well since he already cooperates with a few local shops who send their large jobs to him and such. However, I am unsure about Facebook marketing, but definitely open.

1. What was scheduled first to promote business?

A．Working out a weekly feature.	B．Increasing chargeable hours.
C．Establishing his presence online.	D．Visiting his old school.

2. How might they attract new clients?

A．By raising labor rates.	B．By offering discounts and coupons.
C．By cutting overall costs.	D．By highlighting the value of services.

3. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To offer information.	B．To seek advice.
C．To show advantages.	D．To find cooperation.

3 . Matthew Weihmuller, a blind jazz instructor, has been teaching people of different abilities in Tampa for 10 years. He has _________ performance at using his disability as a teaching tool. One of his teaching methods is to take away one of the five _________ , requiring performers to lean more heavily on others.

“Something that I do is _________ the lights. They have to listen and _________ their instrument with their fingers and hands. In this way, the students _________ the material better in the dark,” explained Weihmuller.

Being blind has never stopped Weihmuller from seeking his _________ for music. When he started playing, he _________ braille (布莱叶盲文) sheet music, and pieces would take months, even years to learn. _________, few professionals were capable of providing this music then, so he _________ to “braille” his own, all the way through college. And his __________ paid off. His not being able to see and read traditional sheets of music has allowed him to __________ his other senses, which is one of the main __________ he’s so talented at playing jazz music and the __________ that comes with it.

As an educator with blindness, Weihmuller __________ turning any disadvantage into an advantage. He hopes that he can __________ others to deal with their barriers and challenges in the same way that he has. And when they leave his classroom they’re not only better musicians but better people.

1.

A．independent

B．outstanding

C．entertaining

D．ordinary

2.

A．skills

B．chances

C．responsibilities

D．senses

3.

A．take over

B．put away

C．turn off

D．break up

4.

A．feel

B．search

C．study

D．perform

5.

A．enjoy

B．realize

C．recognize

D．learn

6.

A．courage

B．passion

C．spirit

D．concern

7.

A．afforded

B．recommended

C．demanded

D．presented

8.

A．Moreover

B．Instead

C．Meanwhile

D．Otherwise

9.

A．happened

B．refused

C．failed

D．managed

10.

A．services

B．efforts

C．promises

D．beliefs

11.

A．refuse

B．abandon

C．perfect

D．complete

12.

A．reasons

B．results

C．functions

D．purposes

13.

A．invention

B．revolution

C．introduction

D．innovation

14.

A．regrets

B．emphasizes

C．ignores

D．imagines

15.

A．amuse

B．allow

C．inspire

D．persuade

4 . Would you rather watch a new movie, or an old favorite? Would you rather try a dish you’ve never had at a restaurant, or stick with something you know you’ll like? Researchers studying the “mere exposure effect” have found that we often prefer the familiar over the novel.

People didn’t need to experience a reward or positive outcome while around the object—simply being exposed to the object would be enough to make people like it. To test this, social psychologist Robert Zajonc had participants read words in a foreign language out loud and varied how often participants read each word (up to 25 repetitions). Next, after reading the words, participants were asked to guess at the meaning of each word by filling out a rating scale (indicating how positive or negative they thought the meaning of the word was).

He found that participants liked words that they had said more often, while words that participants hadn’t read at all were rated more negatively, and words that had been read 25 times were rated highest. Just the me re exposure to the word was enough to make participant s like it more.

One place where the me re exposure effect occurs is in advertising. It explains why seeing the same advertisement multiple times could be more convincing than just seeing it once. Of course, there’s a caution here:the me re exposure effect doesn’t happen for things we initially dislike. Researchers have found that our liking for a variety of things (including pictures, sounds, foods, and smells) can be increased with repeated exposure, suggesting that the mere exposure effect isn’t limited to just one of our senses. Additionally, researchers have found that the me re exposure effect occurs in studies with human research participants as well as in studies with non-human animals.

Another key finding from this analysis was that participants eventually started to like object s less after many repeated exposures. In other words,a smaller number of repeated exposures will make you like something more——but, if the repeated exposures continue, you could eventually get tired of it.

1. What is the key factor in Robert Zajonc’s test?

A．Frequency.

B．Preference.

C．Originality.

D．Achievement.

2. Which of the following is an example of mere-exposure effect?

A．We favor an advertisement at the first sight.

B．A student joined in the club because of love.

C．We are more convinced of what we met before.

D．A student read as many English words as possible.

3. What can we learn about “mere exposure effect” according to paragraph 4?

A．It is the result of advertising.	B．It has nothing to do with animals.
C．It is true of what we dislike at first.	D．It can be applied to multiple senses.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．More love because of more exposures.	B．The study on mere exposure effect.
C．Better results from the earlier exposures.	D．The application of mere exposure effect.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When Jeff Permar returned home to Middletown, Delaware, after a trip to Orlando, he was     1     (annoy) to see his precious organic garden a little worse. An entire sweet melon plant had been damaged.

In a bid to catch the culprit (罪魁祸首), Permar set up a motion-sensitive surveillance camera.     2    it captured surprised and charmed him, as there, chewing on a cucumber, was a groundhog (土拨鼠).

    3     the sight of the cheeky intruder (闯入者), Jeff’s anger melted,     4     he decided to live and let live. From that moment on, he began sharing his homegrown fruit and vegetables with     5     intruder, whom he nicknamed Chunk.

Since he began visiting the garden, Chunk     6     (become) a star on Perma’s social media. Chunk now has a family that     7     (equal) prefer a free buffet. Together, their funny behavior have struck the online audience, with many people     8     (find) them relaxing.

“    9     really hit me that these videos are actually having an impact on people that sends a positive atmosphere,” says Permar. “I would get     10     (comment) about people having a really bad day. People were sick, and in the hospital, people lost a loved one. People were just looking for encouragement. And that element of it really hit home to me. So I feel like I'm obligated to just spread good atmosphere every day.”

6 . That rapidly expanding market has been built around seltzer water − a product favored by celebrities and influencers alike. Despite its growing popularity, seltzer water has some known disadvantages and plenty of advantages that consumers might want to be aware of.

Seltzer water, also called sparking water(气泡水) or bubbly water, “is created when carbon dioxide bubbles are added to still water,” says Jamie Bering, MD, a gastroenterologist at Mayo Clinic in Arizona. Indeed, it’s the injection of that carbon dioxide gas under pressure “that causes the bubbles and fizzy quality of seltzer water,” explain Jen Messer, a nutrition consultant at Jen Messer Nutrition. 

Though seltzer water is just as hydrating(补水) as regular water, it does have some advantages and disadvantages different than drinking tap water alone. Messer says that sparking water can be “more interesting, appealing and enjoyable than plain water” especially so because it often comes in “a wide variety of flavors.” 33 , “which makes seltzer water a good choice for those looking to reduce their calorie intake or avoid added sugars.” In this way, sparking water can also be a great way to transition away from soda. “Seltzer water can be used as a healthier alternative to drinking soda,” says Bering.

Lisa Young, a professor of nutrition at New York University, says that some people who drink the bubbly liquid “have also found that drinking seltzer water can also provide temporary relief from indigestion(消化不良).” 

But seltzer water has some disadvantages as well. For instance, Messer agrees that many people have reported that seltzer water can help with indigestion, but “interestingly, other individuals have found that seltzer water actually causes stomach discomfort such as bloating or gas.”

And Messer says the liquid isn’t great for anyone trying to reduce sodium(钠) in their diets. “Your favorite can of seltzer water may have 100 or 200 milligrams of sodium, which doesn’t seem like much, but it can really add up,” she says. That’s especially worth keeping in mind for people watching their blood pressure. 

Young says that because seltzer water is also acidic, “high consumption may affect the teeth over time.” In fact, not only can such acidity cause tooth decay, but people who drink a lot of seltzer water may also not be getting as much decay-preventing fluoride(氟化物) as people who drink tap water since fluoride is added to most supplies of drinking water in America.

1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A．What is seltzer water?

B．The findings of seltzer water.

C．The process of producing seltzer water.

D．What are the experts’ attitudes towards seltzer water?

2. Which sentence can be put in the blank in paragraph 3?

A．Many of the same things happen in one’s stomach when it’s consumed

B．Many people prefer that side effect over the taste of drinking regular water alone

C．What’s more, such flavors don’t usually require the use of artificial sweeteners

D．Some people also use sparkling water machines to make their own carbonated water at home

3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A．Compare with drinking soda, seltzer water is a healthier alternative.

B．Seltzer water can help with stomach discomfort problems.

C．Seltzer water isn’t good for people trying to reduce sodium.

D．Drinking too much seltzer water may cause teeth problems.

4. Which of the following can serve as the best title?

A．Sparking water is popular, but is it healthy?

B．What is healthy and unhealthy sparking water?

C．Why is sparking water unhealthy for people？

D．What happens when you drink seltzer water?

7 . The first time I saw the real Santa, he drove a big, charcoal-colored truck, not a cherry red sleigh, in the August heat. He wasn’t what I _______ at all.

My husband had lost his job early in July, and we’d been _______ expenses everywhere we could. He’d been looking for a job but _______.

One afternoon, we were feeling particularly _______ so we decided to treat ourselves to a meal from McDonald’s. Just a quick drive-through run, no big deal. When we got to the window to pay, the employee said our meal had been taken care of by the car _______ us. We attempted to keep the pay-it-forward chain going by offering to pay for the _______ for the car behind us. “No, that man just paid for everyone in line,” said the employee. She _______ toward the truck that was slowly pulling away to _______ the parking lot. We had no choice but to get _______ with the fact that a stranger had just done something kind for us, and there was no way to repay it, pay it forward, etc.

I looked toward the truck and thought I could see the man’s grin in the driver’s side ________. He ________ his hand out the window and gave a cheerful wave, and it ________ reminded me of the illustration of a Christmas poem where Santa was flying away into the night, gloved hand up in a goodbye wave.

It seemed like a little ________ that we’d be alright. My husband found a wonderful job shortly after that. We’ve gone on to do random acts of ________ for others, remembering the effect this free meal had on us that ________ day when Santa drove a truck and left with a big grin and a little wave.

1.

A．revealed

B．expected

C．predicted

D．reflected

2.

A．getting rid of

B．coming down with

C．making up for

D．cutting back on

3.

A．in vain

B．in effect

C．in debt

D．in issue

4.

A．awkward

B．low

C．ashamed

D．nervous

5.

A．close by

B．behind

C．ahead of

D．beyond

6.

A．menu

B．order

C．service

D．expense

7.

A．gestured

B．glanced

C．yelled

D．edged

8.

A．enter

B．approach

C．seek

D．exit

9.

A．ashamed

B．stressed

C．comfortable

D．grateful

10.

A．door

B．mirror

C．window

D．seat

11.

A．struck

B．shot

C．stuck

D．lent

12.

A．quickly

B．ultimately

C．automatically

D．instantly

13.

A．reminder

B．memory

C．image

D．example

14.

A．kindness

B．gratitude

C．heroism

D．sacrifice

15.

A．mild

B．freezing

C．hot

D．damp

8 . Each fall, the flu emerges as a terrible force.     1     Influenza viruses cause millions of illnesses and thousands of deaths in the United States each year. So it’s necessary to know more about the flu viruses.

What’s the difference between Type A and Type B?

Influenza A viruses come in many varieties. Four subtypes commonly affect humans. But many more influenza A viruses have been identified in animals, which makes it a potential source of pandemics whenever a new type of influenza A jumps to humans.     2     They are divided into just two lineages (谱系) that cause seasonal outbreaks.

What are symptoms of an influenza infection?

If you do get sick with the flu, you’ll have common symptoms like fever, muscle aches and respiratory ailments. Most otherwise healthy people are sick for three to seven days.     3     The flu can also trigger inflammatory (炎症反应) responses in the body and worsen existing chronic conditions like asthma or heart disease.

    4    

Some rapid tests available at doctors offices can distinguish between influenza A and B, although they tend to have low sensitivity. Doctors can also order more sensitive P. C. R. tests to identify the specific flu virus causing infection.

How do you treat influenza?

To treat the flu, we can take approved antiviral medications that are commonly used to shorten the duration and severity of illness. Stay hydrated, get plenty of rest and use over-the-counter medications to reduce fever as needed. But if you develop a sustained fever of 39℃, you have difficulty breathing or you experience severe chest or stomach pain, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.     5    

A．How do you get tested for influenza?

B．How do you know which type you have?

C．Influenza B viruses, however, only circulate in humans.

D．In some cases, the cough and fatigue can linger for two weeks.

E．These may be signs that you need a stronger influenza treatment.

F．There are two players every flu season: influenza Type A and Type B.

G．Public health officials recommend everyone six months and older get an annual flu shot.

9 . Opening Notice for the National Museum of China (NMC)

Admission:

NMC is open from Tuesday to Sunday,9:00-17:30(no entry after 16:30), and is closed on Mondays(except for public holidays). All visitors are required to book online 1-7 days in advance via the NMC official website or WeChat platform.

Audio Guide Rental:

Audio guide devices are available at the West Hall Service Desk for RMB40, with a RMB100 deposit. A valid ID is necessary. Damage to an audio guide causes a fee based on the level of damage. Lost devices are subject to payment of the full purchase cost.

Facilities:

Wheelchairs and strollers are available for free use on the day of visit at the Service Desk. A valid ID card and a deposit of RMB500 are required.

Photo Policy:

Photography is allowed in the NMC collection exhibitions without using flash, selfie sticks, or tripods. Temporary exhibits may have specific photo policies, indicated by clear signs put up at both the entrance and the corresponding exhibit halls.

Transportation:

Bus Route:

You can take the No.1, No.2, No.52, No.82, No.120 buses, or Sightseeing Line 2, Tourist Bus Line 1 and Line 2 and get off at Tian’an men East Station.

Metro:

You can take Metro Line 1, get off at Tian’anmen East Station, and exit the station through Exit C.

1. What happens if a rented audio guide device is damaged?

A．An additional fee of RMB40 is charged.	B．The visitor is excused from any charges.
C．Its full price is charged regardless of the damage.	D．Compensation is based on the extent of the damage.

2. What can you do during your visit to NMC?

A．Borrow a wheelchair with a deposit of $500.

B．Use a stroller provided by the museum for free.

C．Take photos with flashlight, selfie stick or tripod.

D．Take pictures of the collections on all exhibitions.

3. Which of the following can take you to NMC?

A．The No.82 Bus.	B．Sightseeing Line 1.
C．Tourist Bus Line 52．	D．Metro Line 2.

10 . When Mark Anthony Gonzales saw a police officer in need of assistance, every element of the moral code installed in him through his Brazilian jiu-jitsu (巴西柔术) training — morality, courage, benevolence (仁爱) — told him to stop his car and lend a hand, even though his wife, Rachel Ortiz, and his four kids were in the car.

The suspect, a balding man of medium build, was running from a police officer in San Antonio, Texas. Gonzales slowed down. So did the man being chased — to avoid running into Gonzales’s minivan. That hesitation allowed the officer to catch up and take the suspect to the ground. But Gonzales quickly realized that the officer did not have control of the situation with the suspect struggling fiercely.

Gonzales put his vehicle in park and jumped out, as did Ortiz. The first thing Gonzales did was identify himself and spell out his intention to make it two-on-one in the officer’s favor and not the other way around.

Then, with the man on his back and the officer struggling to control the man’s upper body, Gonzales put his weight on the man’s legs. Seconds later, when the suspect rolled onto his stomach, Gonzales used techniques he’d learned in the gym: digging his knee into the suspect’s el bow and pulling the suspect’s head toward him to maintain control from the side. He then applied an underhook — a jiu-jitsu move where the hands are placed under the opponent’s arm to control the shoulder and upper body — and tugged until, after a few seconds, the suspect’s shoulder gave out. The officer clicked on the handcuffs and the threat was over.

Gonzales had asked his wife to record everything to protect him just in case anything was called into question. But Ortiz posted the video on Facebook, where it attracted over 56 million views.

Among those awed by the video was Brazilian jiu-jitsu instructor Rener Gracie, a fourth-degree black belt, who stated: “The combination of Gonzales’s technique and his calm communication with both the officer and suspect is the stuff of legends!”

1. Why did Gonzales stop his car?

A．To protect his family.	B．To uphold justice.
C．To show his courage.	D．To perform jiu-jitsu.

2. What did Gonzales do first when he came to the officer?

A．He joined in the two-on-one fight.	B．He persuaded the suspect to give in.
C．He warned the policeman of danger.	D．He declared his identity and intention.

3. Why did Gonzales ask Ortiz to shoot the video?

A．To record his heroic deeds.	B．To avoid getting in trouble.
C．To attract views on Facebook.	D．To expose the suspect’s behavior.

4. What’s the best title of the article?

A．Jiu-jitsu Makes A Legend	B．A Victory Of Two-on-one
C．Lending A Well-Trained Hand	D．Justice Has Long Arms