1 . First, all participants found it quite easy to link colors and emotions. This was particularly true for colors like red, black, or yellow. Other colors, like brown and purple, received fewer associations. We found that colour-emotion associations were not one-to-one, but many-to-many.
Participants did not select one emotion for a colour, but often chose several emotions. In turn, different colors were linked to the same emotion, like pleasure, which was associated with red but also yellow, orange, pink and purple.
What you can also see is that most colors were associated with positive emotions. Only brown, grey and black—that is, darker colors—were associated with negative emotions. Red was the most controversial colour. For some, it was a very positive colour—the colour of passion, love and desire. For others, it was a negative colour—the colour of danger, anger and hate. For even others, it was both positive and negative. What connects all these emotions and ideas is the fact that red is activating and strong.
Second, we found few cultural differences. In other words, many colour-emotion associations seemed universal. Most participants agreed that pink was associated with love and pleasure, yellow with joy and amusement, or that black was the saddest colour.
Third, if you are interested in cultural differences, we found some specificities too. For example, in addition to the universal associations of love and anger with red, Chinese participants also associated joy and amusement, while Nigerian participants additionally associated fear with red. Another example is the association between purple and sadness that only Greek participants chose. For others, purple was generally a positive colour with very little agreement on the exact emotions associated with purple.
Fourth, participants whose languages were more similar to each other also had more similar associations. To arrive at this finding, we estimated the degree of linguistic (语言的) similarity between two languages, which shows how related or unrelated they are. And then, languages from different language families, like English and Chinese, would have the lowest similarity scores.
1. Which colour is most likely to cause controversy?| A．Black. | B．Red. | C．Yellow. | D．Brown. |
| A．Love and pleasure. | B．Joy and amusement. |
| C．Anger and sadness. | D．Fear and disappointment. |
| A．Chinese participants. | B．Nigerian participants. |
| C．Greek participants. | D．English participants. |
| A．The Deep Meaning of Colours |
| B．The Link Between Colours and Emotions |
| C．Cultural Differences in Different Countries |
| D．Linguistic Similarity Between Two Languages |
2 . The Lucky Inn★★★★
3852 The Laneway, Los Angeles, CA
Location
Situated in a quiet spot just far enough away from popular tourist attractions, yet still close enough to walk to some of the major attractions, such as the Hollywood sign, several art museums and the walk of Fame.
Hotel Features (特点)
It includes a spa (温泉) that's open 24 hours, an indoor/outdoor pool, fitness center and two restaurants. Wi-Fi is available for free throughout the hotel, and our guests love the fresh, homemade cookies we have available in the hall during the day.
Room Items
Each hotel room comes equipped with 2 beds, a mini fridge, and a coffee maker. Our deluxe (豪华) rooms all feature thoughtful touches such as robes and slippers as well as chocolates on your pillows in the evening.
ONLINE REVIEW:
Lucky to have stayed at the Lucky Inn
By Poshie
I wish I could live there! I went there on a ladies-only trip in July, and we were treated like queens. The staff go above and beyond. Mario at the front desk was incredible. He even upgraded our room because he knew we were all tired moms who rarely ever get to have a trip like this. Glad that I’ve chosen this for my holiday!
RESPONSE:
Thank you for your review! I' m glad that you enjoyed your stay with us and that Mario was able to help you. I'll pass on your comments to him. We hope you'll return to stay with us whenever you are in the area. And let us know when you're coming so we can make extra cookies for you!
James Mehta, Customer Service Director
1. In which part can readers find information concerning swimming?| A．Location. | B．Hotel Features. |
| C．Room Items. | D．OnlineReview & Response. |
| A．A hot breakfast every morning. |
| B．A softer bed to sleep in. |
| C．A special treat on your bed each night. |
| D．A bigger swimming pool than others. |
| A．To tell Mario Poshie’s praise. |
| B．To give her a free night's stay. |
| C．To tell her Mario's response. |
| D．To send her the recipe for the cookies. |
3 . I was sitting at my kitchen table the other day with a pen, notebook, calculator and a pile of bills. I was doing my monthly budget. There were bills for electric water, rent, insurance, the car payment, the phone bill, and the cable bill. Plus money needed to be set aside for food, gas, clothes and hopefully a little left over to save for those unexpected bills that always seemed to show up. When I was done, I shook my head, closed my eyes and thought of a time long ago when I would regularly get treasures.
When I was a boy, we lived across the road from Camp Caesar. It held week long camps all through the summer and my grandma who I lovingly called “Nanny” worked in her big kitchen. I remember slipping there getting a smile, a hug, a kiss and a hot roll from Nanny. Then she would always take deep in her pockets and pull out a treasure, a shiny quarter. She would give it to me and I would run down the hill to either get an ice cold can of coke from the pop machine or I would head to the camp’s swimming pool where I could buy a warm cup of cherry coke for 15 cents and a tiny 10 cent bag of chips from a stand. I took my time because it was always a big decision. It was nice too feeling so rich for a few minutes.
Looking back now I can see that the real treasure was not the quarter at all. It was the love with which Nanny gave it to me. I would have still visited her at work every day if I had never gotten a single quarter. It was her smile, hugs, and kisses that were priceless in my heart then and now.
The old saying is true, “With your work you can make a living, but it is with your love that you make a life.” You can always welcome love into your heart, soul and mind. And you can always share your love with others. It is that one treasure that lasts forever.
1. According to Paragraph 1, what was the author trying to figure out?| A．Where to get treasures. | B．What food and supplies to buy. |
| C．How to sort out these bills at hand. | D．How to balance the money available. |
| A．A kind of bread | B．A kind of act. |
| C．A sound. | D．A greeting. |
| A．Considerate. | B．Generous. |
| C．Affectionate. | D．Enthusiastic. |
| A．To change people’s heart and soul. |
| B．To show what we should value in life. |
| C．To explain work and love can make a life. |
| D．To advise more love and sharing in childhood. |
