1 . With mounting evidence that nanoplastic particles (纳米塑料微粒) are in our bodies, there is growing concern over their potential health impacts. Now a new study finds a relation between nanoplastics in the brain and a higher risk for Parkinson’s disease.

Nanoplastics appear when the plastic packaging breaks down into small pieces. These particles can enter the blood and cross the blood-brain barrier, with European researchers reporting earlier this year that in animal experiments, it can take two hours or less for certain nanoplastics to reach the brain after being eaten.

In humans, it’s long been thought that environmental factors play a role in Parkinson’s disease but specific causes are still unclear. The new study from the Duke University School of Medicine details how nanoplastics cause chemical changes in the brain that can, in turn, make Parkinson’s and related types of diseases more likely.

That’s because the nanoplastics attract a protein (蛋白质) called alpha-synuclein, known to play a role in Parkinson’s and related disorders. In lab and animal studies, the plastic’s interaction with it leads to increases in the affected neurons in the brain. This interaction appears related to favorable conditions in which Parkinson’s can develop.

The study authors note that Parkinson’s disease existed long before nanoplastics appeared in the environment, but they think that this “nanoplastics pollution in the human brain” may prove a new poison.

Further, the Duke team led by Dr. Andrew West notes that Parkinson’s disease is among the fastest growing nervous diseases in the world, even as the amazing amount of plastic pollution builds across the planet. This is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.

“The technology to monitor nanoplastics is still at the earliest possible stages and not ready yet to answer all the questions we have,” West said. “But hopefully efforts in this area will increase rapidly, as we see what these particles can do in our experiments.”

1. Where is the text most probably taken from?

A．A product advertisement.

B．A science journal.

C．An art magazine.

D．A travel brochure.

2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The conditions leading to Parkinson’s.

B．The cause of alpha-synuclein’s appearance.

C．The principle of nanoplastics’ impact on Parkinson’s.

D．The difference between Parkinson’s and related disorders.

3. What can be inferred from West’s words in the last paragraph?

A．Plastic pollution will by no means be avoided.

B．Nanoplastics are impossible to deal with at present.

C．Fewer people will suffer from Parkinson’s in the future.

D．More efforts in the study of nanoplastics will be put in.

4. What is a suitable title for the text?

A．Nanoplastics can enter the brain through blood

B．Nanoplastics may promote Parkinson’s disease

C．Alpha-synuclein plays a role in Parkinson’s disease

D．Nanoplastics will do serious harm to human health

2 . As a senior resident, I often distributed poems to my team, printing and posting them above the computers in our hospital workrooms. Once, during a rare quiet moment in the ICU, with permission from my colleagues (同事), I read a couple of poems out loud. I remember watching my colleagues’ eyes close and their bodies visibly relax as the words washed over them.

Since then, I have shared poems — my own and others’ — in talks at my institution and across the country. I’ve also led other healthcare providers in creative writing exercises during workshops, lectures and classes. Many institutions host book clubs, story slams, film screenings and other opportunities for medical learners to engage with the humanities (人文学科).

While poetry can be frightening to some, many contemporary poems provide approachable emotional experiences. Pieces like Safiya Sinclair’s “Notes on the State of Virginia” fully illustrate how a place that seems innocent or even beautiful to some can be upsetting to others. Monica Sok’s “ABC for Refugees” powerfully paints a portrait of a young child caught between languages and cultures — a reality that many pediatric (儿科的) patients face. “Ode to Small Towns” by Tyree Daye overturn s common assumptions about rural life. In “Medical History”, Nicole Sealey shares a patient’s perspective (视角) on a part of health care that, for many of my students and colleagues, has been reduced to a series of check boxes on a computer screen. These and other poems provide fertile ground for enhanced understanding of the human condition, as well as inspiration for a clinician’s own potentially transformative reflective writing.

The possibilities for cooperation between literature and medicine are wide open. I believe all clinicians have a role in recognizing and dealing with how everyone has been shaped by an unreasonable society. The history, sociopolitical context, imaginative perspective and reflective practices the humanities offer may improve the practice of medicine. Through understanding others’ experiences and reflecting critically on their own, every clinician can move closer to being the kind of healer they intend to be.

1. Why did the author like to share poems at work?

A．To cure his patients.	B．To bring in the humanities.
C．To make his colleagues amazed.	D．To practice for a competition.

2. Whose poem may change people’s beliefs about the countryside?

A．Tyree Daye’s.	B．Monica Sok’s.
C．Safiya Sinclair’s.	D．Nicole Sealey’s.

3. What does Nicole Sealey’s work seem to imply?

A．It’s urgent to upgrade the medical equipment.

B．Doctors should have better medical skills.

C．There’s room for improvement in medical care.

D．A patient can be treated from different perspectives.

4. Which statement does the author probably agree with?

A．The humanities help make a better doctor.

B．The clinicians are to shape our future society.

C．Doctors must learn from each other’s experiences.

D．Reflective writing greatly benefits a doctor’s skills.

3 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why is the man giving the woman the information?

A．They had a conversation on this topic before.

B．She is reading books on this subject.

C．He is giving her tasks.

2. What is probably the function of endorphins (内啡肽)?

A．To clear harmful chemicals.

B．To remind people of injuries.

C．To produce pleasant feelings.

3. Which part of personal development has the woman focused on?

A．Diet.

B．Sleep.

C．Physical exercise.

4. What may the woman do next?

A．Purchase a pet.

B．Enjoy meaningful moments with her family.

C．Visit friends and have dinner with them.

4 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The ability of young children to remain calm during a crisis is often limited, but a five-year old girl Savannah from Hancock County, Indiana proved to be an exception, which can be life-saving.

The incident began with an emergency call to the local 911 dispatcher (调度员) , Jason Bonham. To his surprise, the person on the other end was a little girl. Despite the gravity of the situation, her behavior and the clear conversation left a significant impression on Jason and millions who later heard the call.

Savannah was up late seeing a movie with her father, Frank, and her mother was on a business trip. It was during the movie night that she heard disturbing sounds from the kitchen. With their pet dog barking ceaselessly, Savannah went to investigate.

In the kitchen, Savannah found her father on the floor, clutching (捂着) his chest. She was terrified but remembered her parents’ advice about emergency situations. Her father was unable to speak, indicating he was in critical condition.

Savannah took the initiative to contact emergency services, dialing 911 from the kitchen wall phone. Her parents had taught her what to do in such situations, which now proved invaluable.

Jason, the 911 operator, had been in this job for 11 years but was amazed by Savannah’s calmness. Despite the challenging circumstances, Jason was able to gather crucial information about Savannah’s father’s condition. Savannah conveyed her father’s symptoms of difficulty breathing and chest pains to Jason, which helped identify the emergency as a possible heart condition.

Jason kept Savannah on the line, distracting her with light conversation while making sure she was keeping an eye on her dad. Jason asked Savannah to unlock the front door for the convenience of paramedics' (急救医士) entering. Savannah kept communicating with Jason until the paramedics arrived. She performed admirably, not only updating Jason about her father’s condition but also taking practical measures, like unlocking the front door for the paramedics,

Before accompanying her father to hospital, Savannah called her mother. And her father was immediately taken into surgery the moment they reached the hospital.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Savannah’s father made it through surgery successfully.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Her example demonstrated that even a child as young as five could make a difference.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . In 1980, Foley was a new nurse, working the night shift in a maternity ward (产房). One night, a baby girl was born with a _________ congenital (天生的) disorder that affected her brain. She was _________ to die soon.

As Foley had seen in similar cases, babies in this _________ were often placed in a bassinet (摇篮) and received little _________ until they died. But Foley said Nancy Allspach, a colleague of hers, had a _________ approach.

“She went into the nursery multiple times through the shift and _________ that baby,” Foley recalled. “She put her _________ right down next to the baby, and she talked to the baby. And she even _________ the baby a bottle and rocked her in the big rocking chair. And she _________ the baby as though she were her own.”

Foley __________ remembers how the baby was treated, and how the mother was treated, too. Over her nearly 50-year __________ as a registered nurse, Foley has __________ many babies and children who died later. And looking back, she said she always tried to treat both the children and their parents with compassion (同情)—the way she __________ from Nancy Allspach.

“I never forgot the importance of touching and being __________ to the baby or the child, and also the parents,” she said. “Because, at that moment, what they need is __________. And Nancy taught me that.”

1.

A．fancy

B．severe

C．mild

D．joyful

2.

A．encouraged

B．forced

C．considered

D．managed

3.

A．atmosphere

B．point

C．concept

D．condition

4.

A．attention

B．commitment

C．contribution

D．improvement

5.

A．passive

B．different

C．fatal

D．broad

6.

A．spoiled

B．ranked

C．held

D．put

7.

A．face

B．foot

C．ear

D．back

8.

A．showed

B．bought

C．drank

D．fed

9.

A．noticed

B．treated

C．defeated

D．kept

10.

A．clearly

B．hardly

C．normally

D．carefully

11.

A．request

B．ambition

C．plan

D．career

12.

A．met with

B．looked at

C．cared for

D．picked up

13.

A．heard

B．learned

C．received

D．borrowed

14.

A．polite

B．familiar

C．similar

D．close

15.

A．compassion

B．destination

C．example

D．competition

6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does the man think he still has a problem with?

A．His nose.

B．His head.

C．His mouth.

2. Where are the speakers?

A．In a hospital.

B．In a school lab.

C．At a research center.

3. What will the man work out during the experiment?

A．His smell.

B．His taste.

C．His muscle.

4. What is the main topic of the conversation?

A．Taking new medicines.

B．Using new treatments.

C．Finding new senses.

7 .

Drug Facts

Active ingredient (in each tablet) Famotidine(法莫替丁) 10 mg

Uses * It relieves heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach. * It prevents heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach brought on by eating or drinking certain foods and drinks.

Warnings * Do not use it if you are sensitive to famotidine or other acid reducers.

Ask a doctor before use if you have * heartburn over 3 months       * heartburn with sweating or dizziness. * frequent chest pain       * unexplained weight loss

Stop use and ask a doctor if * your heartburn continues or worsens       * you need to take this product for more than 14 days

If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use. Get medical help or contact the Poison Control Center on 1-800-222-1222 in case of medication interactions, effects, or about overuse and accidental poisonings.

Directions * Adults and children 12 years and over: ·To relieve symptoms (症状), swallow 1 tablet with a glass of water. ·To prevent symptoms, swallow 1 tablet with a glass of water 60 minutes before having food or drinks that cause heartburn. ·Do not use more than 2 tablets in 24 hours. * Children under 12 years: ask a doctor.

Storage and other information * Keep out of the reach of babies or kids. * Store away from high temperatures(best at 20℃-25℃). * Protect from wetness and light.

Questions? If you are concerned about the medicine nature, please contact a doctor or a medical professional.

1. Who can take the drug without consulting the doctors?

A．Tony, 45, finding a sudden 10 kg weight loss.

B．Oliver, 11, feeling heartburn with sour stomach.

C．Sally, 20, battling with the heartburn for 4 months.

D．Jim, 23, wanting to avoid the heartburn from drinking.

2. What can we do with the drug properly?

A．Place it in a lower shelf with easy access.	B．Store it in a box at the temperature of 30℃.
C．Preserve it against exposure to sunshine and rain.	D．Take 3 tablets a day to better ease the heartburn.

3. What is probably this text?

A．A medical journal.	B．A label for drug instructions.
C．A drug advertisement.	D．A physical examination result.

8 . If you were to lift up the keys of your keyboard, and take a look below, you’d probably be met with a terrible scene. “We clean our homes but most of us never think to clean our keyboards,” Rebecca Park, an advanced practice nurse, says.

“Our keyboards can actually hold high levels of bacteria (细菌),” Park says. “The most common bacteria that are found on our keyboards tend to live on our skin, mouth, and nose. These are then carried to our keyboards, usually by our hands.”

And according to one study, this is more likely when many people use the same keyboard, and each brings their own bacteria to the table. That said, touching bacteria-covered surfaces all day long, and then touching your face, can impact your skin. “Dirty electronic devices are a common cause of more acne (粉刺) breakouts,” Dr Yoram Harth explains.

In another study, researchers collected samples (样本) from 300 keyboards and found that all of them had bacteria. “The authors concluded that the presence of infective (感染性的) bacteria on these objects indicates that they might be a cause for the spread of skin infections,” Harth says. “Similar overloads of bacteria were also found on smartphone touch screens and computer mice and headphones.”

It’s not something you necessarily have to think too much about, but it never hurts to be aware of surfaces with bacteria, and take a few extra prevention steps. “A good way to prevent the spread of infection from your keyboards is to wash your hands before and after using the computer,” Park says. “Soapy water is effective enough to kill most bacteria.”

Do this, and you won’t carry as much bacteria to your keyboard, and then back to your face, and so is the opposite. It can also ensure you won’t be clogging your keys with bits from food, especially if you get right back to typing after eating lunch.

1. What do the two studies find?

A．Most people never clean their keyboards.

B．Most of the bacteria on the keyboards are harmless.

C．Most acne breakouts are related to the keyboard use.

D．Most electronic devices have bacteria on their surfaces.

2. Which way is suggested in the text to avoid the spread of bacteria?

A．Clean the keyboard with soapy water.

B．Wash hands after using the computer.

C．Wear gloves when using the computer.

D．Avoid eating before using the computer.

3. What does the underlined word “clogging” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Blocking.

B．Improving.

C．Destroying.

D．Replacing.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Useful Tips on Choosing a Proper Keyboard

B．Practical Ways to Protect Yourself from Bacteria

C．What You Should Keep in Mind About Infection

D．What Happens When You Don’t Clean Your Keyboard

9 . The Ebola virus is an infectious disease that for years had almost no treatments, and it kill s about half the people it infects. Now a new study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases shows that a promising vaccine (疫苗), named rVSV△G-ZEBOV-GP, doesn’t just help to reduce infections, it also can cut those death numbers in half.

The vaccine is a single-dose (单剂) muscular one that causes cells to produce one of the virus’s proteins. “Later, if the person is exposed to Ebola,”explains Rebecca Coulborn, a scientist with Epicentre, the medical research arm of Doctors Without Borders, “their immune system will recognize the viral protein. This recognition allows the immune system to be prepared to attack the virus and protect the person from Ebola virus disease.”

Researchers showed rVSV△G-ZEBOV-GP was effective at reducing the risk of infection, but no one knew how capable it was of preventing death in someone who was vaccinated after becoming infected during an epidemic (流行病). To figure it out, Coulborn and her colleagues focused their efforts on the second-largest Ebola outbreak ever recorded, which occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo between 2018 and 2020.

“Every single Ebola health facility across the entire Ebola epidemic had a standardized list of all admissions,” says Coulborn. This list included 2,279 confirmed Ebola patients, and it recorded whether or not each person had been vaccinated before they got sick—and if so, when they’d received the vaccine.

Coulborn found the death rate was 56% among the unvaccinated. But for those who’d received the vaccine, that rate was cut in half. This was true no matter when someone got vaccinated before the appearance of symptoms. Additionally, those who’d been vaccinated had less virus circulating in their bodies than those who hadn’t. So the vaccine played an important role.

Rebecca Coulborn says she feels buoyed by the results—since they offer clear evidence that people who’re at risk of contracting Ebola should be vaccinated early. It’s an opportunity to cut chains of transmission (传播) and prevent an outbreak before it gains speed.

1. What is Coulborn trying to talk about concerning the vaccine in paragraph 2?

A．Who it attacks.

B．Why it is developed.

C．How it works.

D．Where it comes from.

2. Coulborn’s team chose the second largest Ebola outbreak in Congo because ______.

A．it listed health facilities	B．it was easy to analyze
C．it caused the fewest deaths	D．it had a detailed record

3. What did Coulborn probably suggest people infected do?

A．Avoid connecting with each other.	B．Get vaccinated as early as possible.
C．Stay at home to reduce the spread.	D．Learn to recognize the symptoms.

4. What does the underlined word “buoyed” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Encouraged.

B．Relaxed.

C．Astonished.

D．Honored.

10 . Best Running Apps of 2024

Whether you’re new to running or a seasoned marathoner, finding the best running app to help you set goals, record metrics(指标), and track your progress is key to sticking with a training programme. Here are the best running apps to help you hit your running.

Runkeeper

Runkeeper allows you to set goals and watch your progress to stay motivated. If you’re into biking or fitness walking, you can track those activities as well. For runners training for races, Runkeeper has tailored training programmes, complete with helpful reminders to keep you on track.

MapMyRun

MapMyRun is a running app that has stood the test of time. It first served as a way to measure running routes, but the latest version offers runners many more cool and helpful features. You can use it to track your runs, find running routes locally or in new cities, and get feedback on your statistics so you can improve your performance.

Strava

If you love the social and competitive aspects of running, Strava is the app for you. You can compare your times with other members of the Strava community or with your own group of friends to boost your motivation. It also has a safety feature called Beacon which allows you to share your real-time location with up to three people while you’re running.

C25K 5K Trainer

C25K features the popular walk/run method of training for 5K distances designed for entry-level runners wanting to ease into running or train for races. With pre-designed training plans, C25K guides you through three workouts a week and keeps track of your progress and routes.

1. What is unique about Runkeeper?

A．It tracks running activities.	B．It offers personalized programmes.
C．It boosts runners’ motivation to run.	D．It gives runners feedback on running.

2. What was MapMyRun initially designed for?

A．Measuring running routes.	B．Charting fitness and health progress.
C．Recording runners’ real-time location.	D．Helping runners stay focused on track.

3. Which Running App is perfect for beginners?

A．Runkeeper.	B．MapMyRun.
C．Strava.	D．C25K 5K Trainer.