1 . Doubling as educational centers and conservation centers, museums play an important role in the protection of ________. Although these institutions ________ in size and specialty, the task of most museums is around the display and care of their collections.

Today, many museums are among the most visited ________ in the world. In order to figure out how this important cultural phenomenon came to be, it is ________ important to understand its origins and trace how its role has developed over time.

The word museum ________ from “mouseion”, the Greek term for “a holy place for the Muses”. In classical Greek mythology, the nine Muses are the goddesses of the arts and sciences, making them perfect protectors for these ________ institutions.

Earliest museums were private collections and were only accessible to a narrow circle of people. They displayed ________ and curious natural objects and works of art. Some of them even ________ “wonder rooms” or “cabinets of curiosities”.

In 1683, an Englishman named Elias Ashmole donated the contents of his wonder room to Oxford University, forming the ________ of the Ashmolean Museum. Believing that “the knowledge of Nature is very necessary to human life and health,” Ashmole wanted to ________ the public through his unprecedented (前所未有的) donation. Following his footsteps, many like-minded collectors across Europe shifted their focus from ________ use to public access in the late 17^th and 18^th centuries. During this time, world-class museums began to make their art collections accessible to the public. The opening of these institutions ________ a string of similar movements in the 19^th century.

Today, the importance of public institutions is stronger than ever before. ________ taking care of collections and making them accessible to the public, many museums are using new technologies to improve their public programs, ________ their collections, and share their research. With these modern methods, museums are able to ________ audiences in new ways and extend their tasks beyond their walls.

1.

A．tourism

B．architecture

C．religion

D．culture

2.

A．form

B．vary

C．respond

D．improve

3.

A．sites

B．states

C．palaces

D．entrances

4.

A．critically

B．roughly

C．barely

D．slightly

5.

A．escapes

B．benefits

C．originates

D．differs

6.

A．newly-built

B．knowledge-based

C．carefully-chosen

D．theory-guided

7.

A．common

B．familiar

C．similar

D．rare

8.

A．cared about

B．served as

C．referred to

D．relied on

9.

A．basis

B．structure

C．destination

D．position

10.

A．raise

B．train

C．admire

D．educate

11.

A．special

B．scientific

C．private

D．regular

12.

A．featured

B．indicated

C．celebrated

D．inspired

13.

A．Opposite to

B．Instead of

C．In addition to

D．Thanks to

14.

A．digitize

B．industrialize

C．organize

D．localize

15.

A．introduce

B．engage

C．identify

D．select

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Music is in the corners of everyday life. It is said to be beneficial       1    us both physically and mentally.

There are many ways to make music. For example, if you blow into bamboos or shells,       2    ( permit) air to come in, they can produce pleasant music. A recent     3     (discover) suggests that music was played much earlier     4     we think. In 1995, deep in     5     cave in Slovenia     6     was occupied 45,000 years ago by Neanderthals, a leg bone of a bear with four finger holes was found .The finding suggested that flutes(笛子)had come into existence at that time. Later, many other traditional musical instruments like drums     7     (dig) out from under ground. Ancient people even     8    (seek) a way to make music out of a bow(弓) intended for hunting, so we have to admit that they did have a great gift for music. But if     9    (exact) dated, the Neanderthal flute is by far the     10    (early) known example of music.

Now music can be found in every known culture, and even the most distant groups have a certain form of music.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In ancient China the kite was known as “Zhiyuan”.     1     (original) regarded as a technology, it also featured in many art collections, and was considered to have unique artistic value.

It first     2     (appear) in the ware (陶器) of the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC—476 BC). According to historical records, Mo Zi spent three years     3     (construct) a wooden kite which failed after one day’s flight. One book noted that the master carpenter Lu Ban also made some that     4     (use) to spy on the situation of the enemy. Now the basic procedure of making kites remains the same, but styles of kite-making vary       5     different regions. These in the “World Kite Capital” of Weifang in Shandong Province are well known for     6     (they) craftsmanship, materials, painting, sculpture and flexible flying movement. One of these kites,     7     was over 300 meters long, won first place in the International Kite Festival     8     (hold) in Italy. Even this year, the festival is held there and is expected to draw many fans with a passion for flying kites.     9     you are interested in flying a kite, you should choose a sunny and windy day so you can enjoy the open air, and take care to avoid electric wires and cars. And of course, a pair of sunglasses may prove useful in protecting your eyes     10     bright sunshine.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, is remembered for the many things he did during his rule.     1     221 and 210 B.C., he started the construction of the Great Wall. He built a large network of roads. He introduced     2     new writing system, currency and set of measurements. The emperor also ordered the construction of a huge army of life-sized terracotta soldiers. These, he hoped, would protect his tomb after     3    (he) death.

Today, the soldiers in Xi’an’s terracotta museum are light brown, but they weren’t always this color. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple.     4    (sad), most of the colors did not last to the present day. Before their discovery, the clay soldiers     5    (protect) by being underground. When they were unearthed, however, the air caused the coating under the paint to fall of. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg,     6    (take) with it important pieces of history.

New     7    (technique) are now starting to reveal the army’s true colors. Recently, archaeologists     8     (discover) an area with more than a hundred soldiers, many of     9     still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black or brown eyes. Chinese and German researchers have developed a special liquid     10    (help) preserve the soldiers’ colors. After they find a soldier or other artifact, archaeologists spray it with the liquid. They then cover it in plastic.

6 . 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, food is usually eaten with    1    (chopstick).

Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also    2     (make) of plastic or mental. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.    3    (true) elegant chopsticks might be with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods    4    metal to create special designs.

Five thousand years ago, Chinese people probably cooked their food in large pots,    5    (use) branches to remove it. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with branches     6    gradually turned into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived     7    551 to 479 BC, influenced the     8    (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and     9    (be) too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, most people traditionally eat     10    their hands.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式。

The Sanxingdui Ruins site in Sichuan province is generally considered one of the most important archaeological     1    （site）along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Six pits（坑）    2    （date）back 3,200 to 4,000 years were newly discovered there, including over 500 artifacts.

The site     3     covers an area of 12 square kilometers was discovered in 1929. Major breakthroughs     4    （make）in 1986 with the discovery of two pits    5    （believe）to be for sacrificial ceremonies. There are many similarities among the     6    （recent）discovered pits and the two found in 1986,     7     terms of the types of artifacts unearthed. Divine trees and bronze masks were found once again. The recent discoveries     8    （far）confirm the theory that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes.

Nevertheless, some new types of artifacts have been unearthed. In the No 6 pit, a wooden box covered in cinnabar（朱砂）    9    （bring） a new mystery. A plan to open it is still being drafted. Other important items include decorative gold items.     10    （this）artifacts show the Sanxingdui site had a close connection with Central China, but it also marks an original ancient civilization with strong creativity.

10 . Men hunted. Women gathered. That has long been the common view of our prehistoric ancestors. But the discovery of a woman buried 9000 years ago in the Andes Mountains with weapons and hunting tools, and an analysis of other burial sites in the Americas challenges this widely accepted division of labor in hunter-gatherer society.

“Labor practices among recent hunter-gatherer societies are highly gendered, which might lead some to believe that sexist inequalities in things like pay or rank are somehow 'natural' , ”said lead study author Randy Haas, an assistant professor of anthropology (人类学) at University of California, Davis, in a news release. "But it's now clear that sexual division of labor was fundamentally different-likely more equal and reasonable-in our species deep hunter-gatherer past."

The burial site was discovered in 2018 during excavations (发掘) at a high-altitude site called Wilamaya Patjxa in what is now Peru. The woman, thought to be between 17 and 19 years old when she died, was buried with items that suggested she hunted big-game animals.

Although some scholars have suggested a role for women in ancient hunting, others have dismissed this idea even when hunting tools were uncovered in female burials. To examine whether this woman found at this site was an outlier, the researchers examined 429 skeletons (骷髅) at 107 burials sites in North and South America around 8000 to 14000 years ago. Of those, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tools—11 were female and 15 were male. The sample was sufficient to "support the conclusion that female participation in early big-game hunting was likely not unusual".

The findings add to doubts about man — the hunter assumption that informed much thinking about early humans since the mid-20th century. “They suggest hunting was very much a community-based activity, needing the participation of all able-bodied individuals to drive large animals”, the paper said. The weapon of choice at that time had low accuracy, encouraging broad participation, and using it was a skill learned from childhood.

1. What does the recent burial site at Andes Mountains show?

A．The origin of sexual inequality.

B．Hunting skills of ancient times.

C．The social system of prehistoric hunters.

D．Job division of hunter-gatherer society.

2. Which of the following might Randy Haas agree with?

A．Gender plays no part in recent hunter-gatherer society.

B．Sexist inequality is a natural result of prehistoric society.

C．Ancient division of labor might be fairer than we'd thought.

D．Public ideas of women's role will be changed abruptly.

3. What does the underlined word "outlier" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Exception.	B．Failure.
C．Role model.	D．Easy target.

4. What might make prehistoric hunting a community-based activity?

A．Lack of able-bodied individuals.

B．Imperfection in hunting weapons.

C．Better accuracy of females in hunting.

D．Need for large animals as food source.