1 . It was winter of 1973 and Singaporean L. Shanmugam waited at the guardhouse of a building in the small town of Hermannsburg, Germany. The Outward Bound Singapore (OBS) instructor hoped for the once-in-a-lifetime chance to call on Kurt Hahn, the father of experiential education and founder of Outward Bound.
When a staff member told him that the elderly Hahn was a sick and weak man who did not entertain guests, Shanmugam still waited. He said he had hitchhiked(搭便车) his way from Wales to Germany, crossing the Alps just to show his great admiration for Hahn’s extraordinary achievements — if that was not the spirit of adventure, what was? The next moment, he was invited in. It was a dreamlike experience to finally meet Hahn, he recalled.
Over lunch, Shanmugam told the educator that he had come from a faraway country called Singapore. He talked about how the small flat tropical(热带的) island had little experience with mountaineering, polar exploration or extreme landscapes. Despite the limitations, this did not stop young Singaporeans from continuing to follow in Hahn’s rich legacy(遗产) of outdoor learning.
Hahn was among the earliest pioneers who believed that the outdoors could shape the personal development of young people. In 1934, as the founder and headmaster of Gordonstoun School in Moray, Scotland, he asked his students to make regular sailing expeditions(定期航海探险) and hill-walking.
During the Second World War, Hahn started a new kind of school in Aberdovey in Wales to train youths: a one-month course involving expeditions across three mountain ranges, rescue training and volunteer work in the local community. In 1941, Outward Bound, a charitable educational organization that provides adventure programs, was born.
Eighty years on, Outward Bound has become a national policy in Singapore. In following Hahn’s footsteps, the country has discovered that the act of communicating with the outdoors brings a certain kind of magic.
“We want all our young people to be strong, adaptable and creative. Outdoor adventure learning is especially useful in giving these lessons, which are very hard to teach in the classroom,” said Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.
1. Why did Shanmugam come to visit Hermannsburg?| A．To show his spirit of adventure. |
| B．To treat the old Hahn’s disease. |
| C．To express his admiration for Hahn. |
| D．To discuss the idea of experiential education. |
| A．Having few experienced instructors. |
| B．Not having different landforms. |
| C．Not receiving strong government support. |
| D．Knowing little about experiential education. |
| A．Both taught students adventure. |
| B．Both trained youths to be sailors. |
| C．Both instructed research skills outdoors. |
| D．Both encouraged student-centered learning. |
| A．Educators should teach many different skills. |
| B．Students should learn about nature in many ways. |
| C．Young people should spend more time learning in the wild. |
| D．The government should provide a better environment for kids. |
2 . Long-time referees (裁判) in different youth sports say there’s an expectation for referees to be perfect. Parents want their children to excel, and coaches are under pressure to win. Sometimes, they say, referees become a scapegoat (替罪羊).
Perry Petterle, who is with the USA Hockey Officiating Program, says the number of teen and pre-teen referees is dropping. He says before the COVID- 19 pandemic the program had about 4,000 registered referees, but they’re now down to about 1,700.
“ It’s happening in soccer, it’s happening in other sports, the abuse (辱骂) that is coming from coaches and parents. It has a bad effect on a young kid, young lady or young man that’s out there refereeing, “ says Petterle.
Referees have to bear the abuse.
“ I’ve been in rinks (溜冰场) where I’ve had to go up to parents, and it’s happened three times this year, because you have parents banging on the glass, shouting at the official for a missed call (裁判员的判决). Yes, they’re gonna make mistakes and I go up and try to educate that parent’, Hey, we’ve got a 13-year-old kid out here. You know, we need him to stay in the program,’”he says.
Of the 41 years he’s been involved in refereeing, Petterle says the abuse has become more common in the last 10 years. Carlos Folino, who’s refereed soccer for 37 years, agrees.
“For the most part, it’s getting to the point where youth used to think that it was a good way to make a few extra dollars, better than flipping hamburgers. But with all the shouting and abusing that they get, it’s not worth it. And that word gets to his or her friend and his or her friend won’t join because of that, ”says Folino, Michigan State Referee Administrator.
Folino says it needs changing. Petterle says education and communication are part of a possible solution to bringing respect for referees back to youth sports.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us?| A．Coaches’ pressure to win. | B．Referees’ roles in a match. |
| C．Referees’ difficult situation in youth sports. | D．People’s expectations for youth referees. |
| A．The pandemic. | B．The program. | C．The number. | D．The abuse. |
| A．Respect the youth referees. | B．Admit their own mistakes. |
| C．Report missed calls bravely. | D．Help improve youth referees’ abilities. |
| A．It brings in little money. | B．It causes more pain than good. |
| C．It makes them lose their friends. | D．It promises much in the long run. |
3 . In the not-too-distant future, driverless cars will drive our streets. These cars will need to make quick decisions to avoid endangering human lives — both inside and outside of the cars.
To determine attitudes toward these decisions, a group of researchers created a modern version of the classic exercise known as “the Trolley problem”. They raised a series of moral dilemmas (道德困境) involving as elf-driving car with brakes (刹车) that suddenly give out. Should the car change direction to avoid a group of passers-by, killing the driver? Or should it kill the people on foot but spare the driver? Does it matter if the passers by are men or women? Children or older people? Doctors or murderers?
To put these questions to a large range of people, the researchers built a website called Moral Machine, where anyone could click through the situations and say what the car should do “Help us learn how to make machines moral,” a video asks on the site.
What the researchers found was a series of near universal preferences, no matter where someone was from. People everywhere believed the moral thing for the car to do was to spare the young over the old, spare humans over animals, and spare the lives of many over the few. The in findings were published Wednesday in the journal.
Researchers found that the 130 countries with more than 100 respondents (调查对象) could be grouped into three groups that showed similar moral preferences. And these preference seemed to be connected with social differences. Respondents from collectivistic cultures, which “value the respect for older members of the community,” showed a weaker preference for sparing younger people.
The researchers noted that the study’s results should be used with extreme carefulness and they shouldn’t be considered the final word on societal preferences — especially since these respondents were much fewer than they had expected.
1. What give(s) rise to the questions in paragraph 2?| A．The researchers’ attitudes. | B．The driver’s hard decision. |
| C．The self-driving car’s power cut. | D．The driverless car’s brake failure |
| A．Their living habits | B．Their family members. |
| C．Their cultural background. | D．Their educational background. |
| A．The difficult questions. | B．The limited questions. |
| C．The small number of respondents. | D．The careless respondents. |
| A．The New Self-driving Cars | B．The New “Trolley Problem” |
| C．Should Car Drivers Be Moral? | D．Does Moral Preference Matter? |
4 . If the law punished addiction, we would all be in prison because we are addicted to our phones.
We’re hopelessly
My iPhone is the last thing I look at when I go to bed and the first thing I look at when I
But the comment on this enormous
I simply do not
We will photograph. We will edit. We will
| A．surprised | B．distracted | C．frightened | D．punished |
| A．lost | B．vacant | C．occupied | D．awkward |
| A．commonly | B．constantly | C．usually | D．ordinarily |
| A．get home | B．have dinner | C．wake up | D．go out |
| A．reference | B．confidence | C．absence | D．appearance |
| A．healthy | B．remaining | C．artificial | D．missing |
| A．consequence | B．interest | C．challenge | D．shift |
| A．changeable | B．negative | C．consistent | D．inspiring |
| A．rebuild | B．review | C．forgive | D．forget |
| A．prevents | B．keeps | C．suggests | D．finds |
| A．benefited | B．balanced | C．suffered | D．improved |
| A．happiness | B．discipline | C．attention | D．freedom |
| A．after | B．upon | C．by | D．without |
| A．request | B．exchange | C．preparation | D．search |
| A．buy | B．know | C．have | D．refuse |
| A．anxiety | B．consideration | C．demand | D．eagerness |
| A．chance | B．time | C．energy | D．effort |
| A．stronger | B．smarter | C．greater | D．closer |
| A．publish | B．ignore | C．share | D．delete |
| A．Ultimately | B．However | C．Moreover | D．Specifically |
注意：
1. 字数 120 字左右。
2. 结构：引入话题——介绍调查结果——简述个人立场。
3. 要求：主次分明，观点清晰，词汇地道，语法准确，卷面整齐。
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6 . Some fifteen years ago, when smartphone apps were new and few truly understood their potentials, retailers (零售商)
From the point on, retailers began launching strategies to combat showrooming including releasing exclusive items for sale so that no
“Media have reported showrooming as a big threat to physical stores.” says Casey Carl, a retailer. “However, less
And a showrooming study indicates that it’s wise for retailers to limit the item price to at most 5 dollars
| A．almost | B．just | C．barely | D．simply |
| A．reviews | B．locations | C．shows | D．similarities |
| A．genuinely | B．generously | C．particularly | D．finally |
| A．blessing | B．threat | C．surprise | D．success |
| A．domestic | B．physical | C．imaginary | D．parallel |
| A．superior | B．compulsory | C．routine | D．rewarding |
| A．cornered | B．messed | C．overlooked | D．refunded |
| A．reference | B．alternative | C．exception | D．discount |
| A．criticized | B．publicized | C．exploited | D．executed |
| A．reasonable | B．inevitable | C．illegal | D．acceptable |
| A．assist | B．prohibit | C．monitor | D．expose |
| A．out of stock | B．at random | C．within reach | D．on the spot |
| A．higher | B．lower | C．less | D．more |
| A．reputation | B．greed | C．priority | D．devotion |
| A．attention | B．deposit | C．honor | D．extra |
| A．disorder | B．gap | C．split | D．deadline |
| A．However | B．Actually | C．Besides | D．Therefore |
| A．accessible | B．multiple | C．loyal | D．concrete |
| A．puts out | B．carries out | C．seeks out | D．pulls out |
| A．suspicion | B．effort | C．panic | D．guilt |
7 . The whole world knows them: actors, singers, models, athletes and TV personalities. If I use social media, I get too familiar.
I have nothing against the entertainment industry and celebrities. The problem is that by idolizing the entertainment industry so much, we sometimes completely forget about the things that are truly important and that are changing our world. You probably know who Leonardo DiCaprio is—a very talented American actor and film producer. But then you probably don’t know who Cori Bargmann is. Bargmann is a scientist who is uncovering the causes of Alzheimer’s and autism, which have been unknown for years.
What I think is wrong is that DiCaprio’s net worth is $260 million dollars, while Bargmann’s is less than $l million dollars. DiCaprio is definitely talented and has worked hard to give us good films, but Bargmann is working for something that can save thousands of humans who are suffering. And just because our society prefers to idolize the entertainment industry instead of science, she gets paid much less than she deserves.
But if it would benefit the world to invest all of our time and attention toward scientists, why don’t we make scientists our new “celebrities”?
First of all, we like being entertained. We love pretty faces and easy-to-digest information. It’s easier to care about simple stuff rather than scientific, complicated things. Another reason is that most scientists don’t like being in the spotlight. They’ re mostly reserved and like to have privacy. They’ re busy people, which explains why they haven’t attracted the media the same way that performers have. Also, people have free will and the right to be interested in whatever they want to be.
However, studies have shown that young people are more interested in a scientific career as a result of COVID-19. The pandemic has also made known some scientists who have suddenly started appearing on TV and guiding us on how to get protected from this deadly virus. Maybe that is the start of the development of a different point of view which will be in favor of science for future generations.
1. Why does the author mention Leonardo DiCaprio and Cori Bargmann?| A．To introduce the topic. | B．To give an example. |
| C．To offer a definition. | D．To propose a solution. |
| A．Scientists get paid much less than actors. |
| B．People are busy choosing what they like. |
| C．Scientists don’t feel like being paid attention to. |
| D．People prefer entertainment to complex science. |
| A．Studies make scientists known and accepted by the masses. |
| B．Young people want to change their jobs because of the pandemic. |
| C．People are attracted to science and scientists during a special time. |
| D．Most scientists gradually become willing to show up in public light. |
| A．Objective. | B．Favorable. |
| C．Prejudiced. | D．Indifferent. |
8 . Pang Hui placed a few more pairs of chopsticks on the table for a family dinner, though she did not expect her big family of seven would use them as serving chopsticks.
Surprisingly, her 75-year-old father, who used to shrug off the idea of serving chopsticks, became a firm supporter this time, said Pang, 40, from Beihai, a coastal city of South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Chinese people often share dishes, and diners use their own chopsticks to serve themselves food from the shared dishes, a tradition now being challenged by the outbreak of COVID-19.
“We feel a sense of crisis as well as the urge to desert our old habits when we see reports of family infections,” Pang said, pointing to the reports of the virus spreading via droplets and close contact.
Local governments are helping to encourage a shift, too. On Feb.13, 2020, local authorities of Beihai started a campaign promoting serving chopsticks and spoons, which will avoid cross-infection caused by the use of personal chopsticks.
Similar measures were also adopted in other cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. Taizhou city in East China’s Jiangsu Province even standardized the colors of serving chopsticks and spoons to help diners differentiate (区分) them from personal ones.
The practice of eating wild animals has been targeted by the government, which remains present in certain areas.
China stopped the illegal trading and transportation of wild animals shortly after the outbreak. The move became a permanent ban on Feb.2, 2020, when the country made a decision on thoroughly prohibiting (禁止) the illegal trading of wildlife and the consumption of wild animals.
Li Bo, with the Hainan International Center for Wildlife Protection, said wild animal consumption could lead to the faster extinction of particular species, damage the ecological balance and harm people’s health.
“The epidemic (流行病) could become a turning point to eliminate the bad habit.” Li said.
1. What can we learn about Pang Hui’s family from the text?| A．There are usually more than seven people dining together. |
| B．They have started to use serving chopsticks at table. |
| C．Pang Hui’s father opposes using serving chopsticks. |
| D．They don’t know how to avoid being infected by the virus. |
| A．Sharing dishes has been abandoned. |
| B．Cross-infection has been prevented. |
| C．Eating wild animals has been forbidden. |
| D．Standard personal chopsticks have been adopted. |
| A．Shanghai standardized the colors of serving chopsticks and spoons. |
| B．The practice of eating wild animals still exists in some areas. |
| C．China stopped the illegal trading and transportation of wild animals shortly before the outbreak. |
| D．Wild animal consumption isn’t harmful to ecological balance and people’s health. |
| A．Serving Chopsticks Promoted |
| B．Ways to Help People Stay Healthy |
| C．The Outbreak of COVID-19 Leads to Change |
| D．China Bans Trading of Wildlife |
1﹒陈述现象；
2﹒说明出现此现象的原因；
3﹒你个人的看法。
注意：
1﹒词数100左右；
2﹒行文连贯，语篇完整。
参考词汇：外卖店，外卖餐馆 take-out restaurant
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10 . “Girls are weak, and boys are strong. This is what is being subconsciously communicated to hundreds of millions of young boys and girls all over the world, just like it was with me,” said American actor Justin Baldoni. As a boy, all he wanted was to be accepted by other people. That acceptance meant he had to pretend to be strong when he was weak, confident when he felt insecure, and tough when he was actually hurting.
Is that a healthy lifestyle? A member of the CPPCC Standing Committee might say “yes”. In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.
The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.” You might be wondering now: What is masculinity, and why is this so controversial?
Well, by itself, “masculinity” refers to the qualities traditionally considered to be typical of men. While there is not really a single “correct” set of qualities, the term is often associated with strength, courage, assertiveness, and emotional control. Sometimes, however, these seemingly admirable qualities can be extended in unrealistic ways. But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.
As an educator who has spent years teaching in China, I agree that attaching more importance to physical education would definitely benefit students. Sports provide opportunities for physical fitness. More importantly, they can help develop lifelong skills, such as leadership and communication skills. However, putting the emphasis on masculinity is far from a sound reason for which to do so.
It is unnecessary for all boys to build up their muscles, but it is essential that they all learn how to be strong inside. It is also fine for boys to cry and to show their weakness. Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.
1. The underlined expression “masculinity” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”| A．manly qualities | B．potential abilities |
| C．self-centredness | D．steady strength |
| A．It is necessary to prevent the feminization of male youths. |
| B．Physical education should be paid more attention to. |
| C．We should teach students according to their individual qualities. |
| D．Importance should be attached to developing students’ sense of responsibility. |
| A．Masculinity is out of date. |
| B．Masculinity is overstated. |
| C．Masculinity shows physical strength. |
| D．Masculinity only focuses on physical fitness. |
| A．We should do everything we can to guarantee students’ health. |
| B．Schools should differentiate between boys and girls while educating them. |
| C．It is important to prepare students with necessary skills and right values. |
| D．It is time to weaken stereotypes of masculinity. |
