1 . There is a popular saying in the English language: “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so. A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm, the development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.
The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.
The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.
The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatry's website.
Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.
1. Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?| A．To show the power of words. |
| B．To introduce an opposite view. |
| C．To prove the author's argument. |
| D．To show ancient people's wisdom. |
| A．They were hurt by unkind words. |
| B．They performed poorly in imaging tests. |
| C．They had their brain slightly damaged. |
| D．They experienced no physical abuse at home. |
| A．Comments on the findings. |
| B．Approaches to further studies. |
| C．Suggestions to parents. |
| D．Different opinions on the matter. |
| A．Unkind words hurt the brain. |
| B．Verbal violence should be stopped. |
| C．The way we speak matters. |
| D．Words are worse than sticks and stones. |
(l)Study after study shows the most important thing deciding the quality of the education a child receives is his teacher. Teaching has become one of the most difficult jobs today. But what makes a great teacher?
(2)Responsible teachers set high expectations for all students. They expect that all students can achieve in their classroom, and they don’t give up on those who do poorly in study.
(3)Great teachers have clear teaching goals. They have lesson plans that give students a clear idea of what they will learn, what the homework is and what the grading standard is. Homework bas learning goals and gives students enough chances to practice new skills.
(4)Being prepared and organized is another good quality that great teachers have. They are in their classrooms early and ready to teach. They present lessons in a clear and structured way. Their classrooms are organized in such a way as to minimize distractions.
(5)To become great teachers, they should engage students and get them to look at problems in all kinds of ways. They use facts as a starting point, not an end point; they ask “why” questions, look at all sides and encourage students to imagine what will happen next. They ask questions frequently to make sure students are following along. They try to engage the whole class, and they don’t allow a few students to control the class. They keep students active with many different and lively ways.
(6)Besides, great teachers have strong relationships with their students. They are warm, kind, energetic and caring. Teachers with these qualities are known to stay after school and make themselves available to students and parents who need them.
(7)Great teachers also communicate frequently with parents. They reach parents through conferences and frequent written reports home. They don’t hesitate to pick up the telephone to call a parent if they are concerned about a student.
1. What does the first sentence of the text mean?2. A great teacher is a teacher(此题答案可摘自原文)
①who
②who
③who
④who
⑤who
⑥who
3. Please give a title to the text.
4. Please draw the structure map of this text.
3 . You’re doing homework online for a science class. A question appears: Do newborn babies see the world in black and white? You don’t know the answer. Do you google it?
①Searching online for the answer may get you a better grade on the homework. But it won’t necessarily help you learn. Researchers note that students who usually receive higher marks on the homework but lower test grades are much more likely to use the Internet for answers while completing their homework. With these findings in mind, the researchers are questioning the validity of homework as a useful learning tool.
Glass, a psychologist, discovered this from analyzing homework and the grades on tests that he gave college students who took his courses from 2008 to 2017. He gave his students a series of online homework tasks. In 2008, only around 3 out of 20 students performed better on their homework than on the exam. By 2017, more than half of the students performed this way. Glass wondered what caused this result. ②So he thought about what had changed over the 10 years. One big thing was the rise of smartphones. They existed in 2008, but were not common. Now almost everyone carries one. ③So it would be easier today to quickly go online and find the answer to almost any homework question. But students can’t use phones during an exam. And that might explain why they aren’t doing that well on the tests.
To test this, Glass and a co-author Kang asked students in 2017 and 2018 whether they came up with their homework answers themselves or looked them up. ④Students who tended to look up answers also tended to do better on homework than their exams.
1. What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph?| A．To share a story. | B．To answer two questions. |
| C．To ask for help. | D．To introduce the topic. |
| A．Effect. | B．Purpose. | C．Benefit. | D．Design. |
| A．The rise of the Internet. | B．The progress in teaching. |
| C．The help from parents. | D．The popularity of smartphones. |
| A．① | B．② | C．③ | D．④ |
| A．Study and intelligence. | B．Technology and education. |
| C．The Internet and teaching. | D．Social media and science. |
4 . "Your husband, wife, or sweetheart probably doesn't come to work with you every day," says Brittany Solomon. But his or her influence clearly does.
Solomon, a Ph. D. candidate in psychology at Washington University in St. Louis, recently led a study analyzing the careers and personalities of about 5,000 married people, aged 19 to 89, over a five-year period. About 75% were in two-career couples.
The conclusion: Employees of both sexes who scored highest on three measures of occupational success — salary increases, promotions, and job satisfaction — all went home at night to mates with the personality type known as "conscientious." These are people who are reliable, consistent, detail-oriented, and organized. The study result will be published in an upcoming issue of the journal Psychological Science.
Note to singles: If you're aiming high at work, you might want to settle down with someone conscientious. Psychologists often sort out people according to four other broad measures: openness, outgoingness, agreeableness, and neuroticism (神经质). Although previous studies show that "people tend to look for a potential mate with a high degree of agreeableness and low neuroticism, our findings suggest that anyone with ambitious career goals would be better off looking for a supportive partner with a highly conscientious personality," Solomon notes.
A mate's conscientiousness boosts career success in three ways, the study found. First is what the researchers call "outsourcing," which means it's a lot easier to concentrate on your next brilliant idea at work if someone else can be counted on to make sure the dog has all his shots, the car gets inspected on time, and the kids are fed. Also, the ability to depend on a significant other cuts down on overall stress and makes work-life balance easier to manage, for men and women alike.
But beyond the day-to-day being practical, a conscientious partner can have a subtler, more pervasive influence. "Conscientious people tend to be resilient in the face of setbacks, and they're thorough. They finish what they start," says Solomon. Over time, those features can rub off on a spouse. People often unconsciously try to equal those they live with — and the qualities we associate with 'conscientious' types are the same ones that lead to success in a career.
1. Which of the following qualities is what you can't find on a conscientious person?| A．Trustworthy. | B．Orderly. | C．Careful. | D．Neurotic. |
| A．To give examples of what a conscientious mate should be like. |
| B．To explain how one's mate's conscientiousness promotes one's career. |
| C．To describe what qualities can make a conscientious mate. |
| D．To stress the reliability of the final conclusion drawn from this study. |
| A．Erase off. | B．Wipe out. | C．Get influence. | D．Have effect. |
| A．conscientiousness is a must for career success |
| B．one's mate's personality influences one's career success |
| C．one's mate's personality promotes one's occupational success |
| D．conscientious persons are more suitable for ambitious ones |
5 . In the morning, Ms Antón waves goodbye to Mila as she is picked up to go today care. “It has made her so independent, so friendly with others,” Ms Antón says. She closes the door and turns to homeschooling her two children. For Mila is not a child, but the family dog.
Schools and nurseries have been shut in Mexico for a year, because of the pandemic. But doggy daycare is developing quickly. “Many customers now have a home office or are worried about their dogs becoming too attached to them,” explains Mondragon, the co-owner of a dog day-care centre.
The number of dogs in Mexico increased by 20% in the decade to 2020. Most are strays (流浪狗), but many have found loving homes. They cover 85% of all pets in Mexico. There are special areas for dogs in parks. Many restaurants welcome dogs and provide drinking water. Pet salons provide not only baths but also other items. None of this is cheap. A “relaxing bath” at PetCare, a salon, can cost over an average worker’s daily wages (薪水).
Mexicans come to love dogs while the population is falling. In the mid-1980s, a Mexican woman could expect to have four children; now, only two. In the long run, as people have grown richer and the returns to education have risen, families become smaller. In the past year, however, it is economic uncertainty that has prompted many to delay having babies.
For some, a dog is a lovable choice. The most devoted owners buy clothes and throw birthday parties for their pooches, with hats and birthday cakes. For mothers such as Ms Antón, doggy day care offers some time from covid-induced work. But she will not stop worrying until her children too, are let off the leash and back into the classroom.
1. What can we know about Ms Antón?| A．She picks up many strays. | B．She’s got a dog named Mila. |
| C．Now she works in a daycare. | D．She isn’t worried about her children’s study. |
| A．It is not very cheap for a dog to have a bath. |
| B．There aren’t special areas for dogs in parks. |
| C．Most dogs haven’t found their caring homes. |
| D．The number of dogs in Mexico increases slowly. |
| A．The returns to education have risen. |
| B．People come to love dogs very much. |
| C．People there are becoming richer and richer. |
| D．People are not sure about the economy development. |
6 . The waterfall was coming. Curtis Newman, his wife Krystal Ramirez and his 13-year-old son Hunter thought they would jump out of their small boat into the water. But this year was different. Heavy snow and spring rains had turned the usually controllable waterfall into something fierce (凶猛的). As they approached the waterfall late on the afternoon of the third day of their camping trip, Newman could tell from the increasing roar of water in the narrow canyon (峡谷) that they were in trouble. There was no way they’d be able to move down the rocks on either side of the waterfall.
There was no cell phone service, and they hadn’t seen a single person in the past three days. As he wondered what to do, Newman heard voices coming from the other side of the waterfall. “We have to get those people a message, he thought. He picked up a stick and pulled out his pocketknife to carve” Help on it. He tried tossing it over the waterfall, but it floated away in the wrong directions. Krystal reminded him that he had a pen and paper in his backpack (背包). Newman knew it was an impossible attempt, but he wrote “6-15-19 We are stuck here @ the waterfall. Help please” and put the note into a bottle. This time, he threw the bottle over the waterfall successfully.
It took them about 30 minutes to go back to the beach where they had lunch. By about 10: 30 pm, they pulled out their sleeping bags. Then, just after midnight, they heard a helicopter hovering (盘旋) above them. Newman turned to his son and started shaking him.
They got rescued. “The rescuers said that they had been performing these kinds of rescues, but no one had ever been rescued by a message in a bottle,” Newman said.
1. Why was this year different?| A．The waterfall was more dangerous. |
| B．The weather conditions were as usual. |
| C．The canyon became extremely narrow. |
| D．The family lost control of the small boat. |
| A．Putting. | B．Rowing. | C．Hanging. | D．Throwing. |
| A．Newman was proud of himself. |
| B．One of the rescuers found the bottle. |
| C．The rescuers were quite experienced. |
| D．Newman’s way of seeking help was rare. |
| A．A smart father. | B．An impossible try. |
| C．A rescue from a bottle. | D．An adventure in a canyon. |
Tourism can be both good and bad. Yes, it brings in money for the local economy and creates lots of jobs for locals,
One growing problem is tourists who want to prove
Another big problem in some places has been tourists disturbing (打扰) the local people
In 1968, I was a student at the Sophia Hagopian High School in Beirut, Lebanon. One day, I went to the head teacher’s office and told him that my parents could not pay the tuition (学费). Although I was the top student in my class, I was sent home because of being short of money. This was a heartbreaking experience for me, as I really wanted to continue my education.
I went home and spent my day at my father’s tire-repair shop. One day, a very old man saw me in the shop and wondered why I was not in school. I told him the reason. He offered to help by calling the head teacher of the Hovaguimian-Manougian High School and asking him to accept me without tuition. The next day, I took a city bus to the school and went to the head teacher’s office. However, when I told the head teacher the reason for my visit, he shouted at me that there was no free tuition. I immediately turned around and rushed back to my home.
On the third day, one of my classmates from Sophia Hagopian High School came to inform me that the head teacher had sent him to tell me that I should come back to school and register (登记). When I arrived at school, I told the registrar that I could not pay the tuition. She said that my tuition had been fully paid. I asked the registrar who paid for my tuition so that I can thank him, I was told that the kind person wanted to remain unknown.
I went to my classroom, but kept wondering who was the person that gave me the golden opportunity to continue my education. I went back to the head teacher's office after classes and begged the registrar to tell me the name of the kind person. Finally, on the condition that I wouldn’t go and express the thanks, she told me that it was my English teacher, Olivia Balian. I promised that I would not talk to her.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A year later, I came to the United States and finally received two Master’s degrees.
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After visiting my former high school, I really wanted to see Ms. Balian and thank her for her generosity (大方).
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9 . Years ago it was popular to speak of a generation gap, a disagreement between young people and their elders. Parents said that children did not show them proper respect and obedience (服从), while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? Actually the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many people argue that a gap is built into the fabric (结构) of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the chance that young people have to choose their own ways of life. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and agree to, and to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents.
In our easily changing society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the strong wish that parents have for their children is another cause of the disagreement between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the freedom and changes of our society, and in the rapid speed at which society changes.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The concept of generation gap. |
| B．The reasons for generation gap. |
| C．Ways to reduce generation gap. |
| D．Attitudes towards generation gap. |
| A．depend on their parents to make a life |
| B．live with their parents in the same area |
| C．ask their parents for the best advice |
| D．have very little in common with their parents |
| A．Parents should be strict with their children. |
| B．The generation gap is partly caused by the older generation. |
| C．Parents couldn’t do things well themselves. |
| D．The young never want to satisfy their parents. |
| A．Parents are not strict enough with their children. |
| B．The young value the old too much for their wisdom. |
| C．Young people don’t have the knowledge of a lifetime. |
| D．The society develops too fast. |
10 . Luis was born in Lima, Peru. He lived there with his parents. But one day his life changed completely. His parents got divorced(离婚). And his mother moved to the United States. So Luis went with her.
This move was a big change for Luis. He tried to fit into his new life. He had to go to a new school, learn a new language and make new friends. But Luis felt different from the other children. He felt that he did not belong. He wanted to return to South America. Some years later he had his chance. He was so happy to return to his original culture! But to his surprise, he did not feel at home.
Luis felt troubled. He did not know which country he was from. Luis is not the only young person to have these feelings. More and more young people are moving around the world with their parents. Their parents' work may cause the move. Families may choose to move. They hope for a better life. Such families have new experiences.They learn about other cultures. They have interesting lives. But there can also be a big problem. A lot of people do not understand how moving will affect their children. Parents may not understand their children's struggles. And they often think it will be easy for their children to return to their home country. They may expect their children to be the same as them, to have the same ideas, and to have the same beliefs.
There is a name for these children who grow up in more than one country-"third culture kids". Third culture kids are not completely part of their parents' culture. They are not completely part of the other culture they live in. Instead, they are a mix of cultures. This mixed culture is their own culture-a third culture.
1. What happened to Luis when he moved to America?| A．He couldn't fit in. | B．He liked American culture at once. |
| C．He had problem with the new language. | D．He couldn't make friends. |
| A．To look for his father. | B．To learn about the culture of Peru. |
| C．To seek a sense of belonging. | D．To compare different cultures. |
| A．Cultural Shock | B．Children's Problems |
| C．Third Culture Kids | D．Missing Home |
