1 . How to Feel Connected
It's easy to feel disconnected from what is going on around you in today's fast-paced world.
Consider why you feel disconnected. Knowing what is making you feel disconnected can help you choose the best ways to address it.
Interact with people in person. Technology is a great way to stay in touch, but sometimes you need to spend time with other people in person.
Show appreciation.
| A．Ask others what they need from you. |
| B．A simple “thank you” goes a very long way. |
| C．Feeling connected gives people great confidence. |
| D．A gift should be delivered to friends on special occasions. |
| E．Sometimes you can feel isolated and distant from the ones you love. |
| F．Attending family events can help strengthen your relationship and keep it strong. |
| G．Targeting your efforts toward those issues allows you to close that distance more effectively. |
2 . When I worked on the manufacturing shop（车间）floor, we rarely saw plant managers. Except for one. He often walked through the plant. He checked out product quality. He stopped for a brief word—usually no more than a "hello." He wasn't outgoing. He didn't display any of the qualities typically associated with a "leader." Yet we liked him.
In a 1992 University of Pittsburgh study, researchers had four women attend a number of different classes. Their attendance varied: one woman might attend every class; a different woman might attend only a few. What didn't vary was their behavior. None of the women spoke in class or spoke to other students.
At the end of the term, students were asked which woman they liked best. Who "won"? Women who attended the highest number of classes. According to the researchers, "Mere exposure had weak effects on familiarity, but strong effects on attraction and similarity." Or in non-researcher-speak: If I see you frequently, I naturally like you more. That's the power of showing up.
Knowing someone will show up in the future also matters. In a 1967 University of Minnesota study, researchers gave study participants profiles of two people and told them that one would be a partner in future discussion groups. When asked, the participants said they liked their future partner more. Even though the profiles were almost identical.
Want your team or your customers to like you more? Show up. Drop in. Drop by. Send a brief note. Make a quick phone call. You don't have to say or do much. Then, be consistent in your behavior. In time, people will expect you to drop in or drop by, whether in person or virtually. Anticipating future contact will make them like you more.
1. What does the first paragraph serve as?| A．An introduction. | B．A background. |
| C．A comment. | D．An explanation. |
| A．Answering questions frequently. | B．Greeting others enthusiastically. |
| C．Behaving more like others. | D．Attending classes more often. |
| A．Familiarity contributes to likability. |
| B．Identical behaviours enhance likability. |
| C．Future partnership increases likability. |
| D．Virtual contacts benefit likability. |
| A．Power of likability. | B．Research on likability. |
| C．Definition of likability. | D．Application of likability. |
3 . The first letter arrived dated March 31, 2020. It was from a close childhood friend, with whom I regularly keep in touch via those correspondence (通信) methods such as instant texts, FaceTimes and phone calls, as most young people do.
“The sun has set on our 15th day of quarantine (隔离),” my friend wrote, “Isn’t it crazy how quickly this has become the new normal?” Plus, he said, writing a letter could be a fun creative exercise to break up the boredom of those days. So I wrote back.
When I was in fifth grade, we had a pen-pal program with a class in Australia, but when the school year ended, my pal and I fell out of touch. Anytime I traveled afar, I tried to write to my family; somehow I always tended to get home before my letters did.
But at this particular moment, I’ve found it wonderful to write letters in the simplest way. In return, I’ll get something far more interesting than an ordinary account of my own days: a patchwork of pages that were sent to me by others, each one fresher than the last one.
A recent article reported a rise in snail mail and handwritten messages; the practice seems to be popular as people deal with sadness from the pandemic (流行病). More likely, it’s because we’re missing our friends and classmates; we’re so badly aching for the simple physical connections that the virus has taken away.
“When I got your letter, the first thing I wanted to do was to text you, but I quickly controlled myself,” another childhood friend wrote. “What an affront to text the person who writes to you.” I smiled as I pulled out a blank sheet to start my response. I like to think I’ll keep this up for as long as I can, or at least as long as someone is willing to write back.
1. What did the author’s friend write in the letter according to paragraph 2?| A．The boring life in quarantine. | B．The need of social distancing. |
| C．The desire for a new normal life. | D．The way of doing creative exercise. |
| A．His regret to lose touch with his pal. |
| B．His less communication by letter now. |
| C．His preference to travel to a distant place. |
| D．His concern about his family even in trips. |
| A．It can help prevent viruses spreading. |
| B．Snail mail is a popular way to contact. |
| C．People can find comfort from it. |
| D．Physical connections can be avoided. |
| A．Dishonesty. | B．Impossibility. |
| C．Disagreement. | D．Impoliteness. |
| A.highlights B. bestseller C. distinctions D. desired AB. coined AC. centered AD. producing BC. mental BD. outcomes CD. value ABC. effective |
A leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of the
When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly
5 . A remarkable study from 1976 gives us some insight into how and why relationships with our neighbors can be so good for us. Surprisingly to scientists at that time, results showed that contact with family members — even one's own children — had little impact on feelings of well-being or willpower. Meanwhile, friendships, especially those with neighbors, predicted lower levels of loneliness and worry, higher levels of feelings of usefulness and self-perceived respect within the community.
The study suggests that acquaintance and friendship with neighbors are more effective at increasing well-being since they are based on nearness, common interests and lifestyle choices. The neighborhood relationships are also developed voluntarily. Family ties, on the other hand, are often characterized by a sense of responsibility, physical distance, and personal disharmony. Later studies confirm the importance of close friendships for people over 65, highlighting the particular importance of frequent contact.
More recent studies show that neighborly support is associated with better well-being for individuals in mid-to-late life. Data regarding neighborly relationships and general well-being from 1,071 adults aged 40-70 from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the US was collected in 1995, and again from the same individuals in 2005.
The study found that those who had low contact with neighbors at the time of both samples, as well as those who experienced a reduction in contact with neighbors over the years, experienced downward trends in well-being, as indicated by feelings of sadness, nervousness, restlessness, hopelessness and worthlessness.
It is crucial to note here the difference between friendship and neighboring or relationships with neighbors. While friendships are based on common affection, neighboring, at its core is an instrumental relationship that is catalyzed (催化) by nearness. But, it doesn't have to be this way. Where neighbors are also close friends, the potential benefits are clear. While both friendship and neighboring are beneficial to well-being, they are most effective when the types of support and assistance from both coincide(同时发生).
1. What does the study find?| A．The friendships between neighbors can last forever. |
| B．People value neighbors more than family members. |
| C．Neighbors influence people as much as their own children do. |
| D．Neighbors are more influential to people than family members. |
| A．By analyzing data. | B．By giving instructions. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By following the order of time. |
| A．Nearness. | B．Responsibility. |
| C．Physical distance. | D．A common life goal. |
| A．The conflicts between relatives and neighbors are easy to occur. |
| B．The neighborhood relationships are formed under compulsion. |
| C．A close neighbor is better than a brother far off. |
| D．Contact with family members is indifferent. |
6 . Last year, Americans spent over $30 billion at retail (零售) stores in the month of December alone. Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, and baby showers. This frequent experience of gift-giving can create ambivalent feelings in gift-givers. Many believe that gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with intended receivers. At the same time, many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended receivers.
Anthropologists (人类学家) describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. They think that gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources. People buy gifts that receivers would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase. Givers are likely to spend $100 to purchase a gift that receivers would spend only $80 to buy themselves.
What is surprising is that gift-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-receivers, but still tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, psychologists find a unique explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers equate (等同) how much they spend with how much receivers will appreciate the gift. Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciation might seem relevant to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we find that gift-receivers will be less willing to base their feelings of appreciation on the gift price than givers assume.
The thoughts of gift-givers and gift-receivers being unable to account for the other party’s perspective (立场) seems puzzling because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the extensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they often struggle to transfer information gained from one role and apply it in another.
1. What does the underlined word “ambivalent” in Paragraph1 probably mean?| A．Concerned. | B．Positive. |
| C．Unrealistic. | D．Conflicting. |
| A．It strengthens the bonds between people. |
| B．It is economically beneficial to the receiver. |
| C．It is actually a process of wasting resources. |
| D．It increases the financial burden to the giver. |
| A．Personal preferences are the least to be considered. |
| B．Gift-givers tend to link the gift cost to gift-receivers’ appreciation. |
| C．More gift-receiving experience helps prevent overspending. |
| D．The assumption made by gift-givers turned out to be correct. |
| A．a trend of overspending |
| B．an inability to change perspectives |
| C．a growing opposition to gift-giving |
| D．a misunderstanding of gift-receivers’ tastes |
7 . Having repeatedly heard “good manners”, do you really understand what the basic elements of good manners are? Certainly, a strong sense of justice is one—(from this angle) politeness is often
Another element of politeness is empathy, a (an)
Last but not least, the ability to treat all people
| A．nothing | B．anything | C．something | D．everything |
| A．walking | B．running | C．riding | D．driving |
| A．After | B．Before | C．Behind | D．Ahead |
| A．ash | B．smoke | C．dust | D．steam |
| A．cleaner | B．wider | C．flatter | D．straighter |
| A．Consuming | B．Guessing | C．Finding | D．Confirming |
| A．Not necessarily | B．Not really | C．No problem | D．No kidding |
| A．put up with | B．do away with | C．catch up with | D．go on with |
| A．technique | B．personality | C．behavior | D．quality |
| A．reduce | B．accept | C．understand | D．remove |
| A．working | B．begging | C．dining | D．performing |
| A．However | B．Otherwise | C．Therefore | D．Meanwhile |
| A．legs | B．heart | C．fingers | D．mouth |
| A．sat down | B．turned around | C．took a look | D．thought twice |
| A．watched | B．checked | C．tightened | D．covered |
| A．seemed | B．managed | C．pretended | D．happened |
| A．Luckily | B．Finally | C．Happily | D．Sadly |
| A．tried | B．failed | C．managed | D．meant |
| A．alike | B．nicely | C．warmly | D．happily |
| A．Ever | B．Specially | C．Especially | D．Even |
8 . Most people don't need convincing that happy relationships are the key to a successful life. When Harvard researchers followed 268 men for more than 70 years, the study's founding director summarized its finding with a single sentence: Happiness is love.
The magic ratio(比例)for happy relationships
The piece comes from newsletter The Profile. Just seven days married, Polina Marinova asked The Profile readers for their best marriage tips.
A real thing for other relationships, too
It's important to note that the 5:1 ratio was not invented merely for couples.
| A．Humans are, as we all know, complex. |
| B．It’s a handy standard to keep in mind for all relationships. |
| C．The whole article is worth a read due to the excellent advice. |
| D．The tips were finally collected by a love expert John Gottman. |
| E．This ratio is actually backed by decades of research by John Gottman. |
| F．However, marriage life can be far happier if the 5:1 ratio is carried out. |
| G．The study also shows loving relationships improve your physical health and job satisfaction. |
9 . The modern manager has to play the role of coach in charge of their team. And that requires an understanding of the different personality types they may be managing, and indeed the role their own personality may play in the way they manage.
Karl Moore, a professor at McGill University in Canada, has written two recent articles on the role of different personality types in business. One of the most common divides is between introverts and extroverts. Mr. Moore calculates that around 40% of the population are introverts, 40% are extroverts and 20% are "ambiverts" who can show both characteristics.
It is easy to assume that the extroverts are most likely to go far in business. An academic study found that extroverts were 25% more likely to be in a high earning job than those who were less outgoing. It is possible that working in a high-paid job makes people more confident and outgoing, although characteristics tend to develop early in life.
But introverts should not give up hope of getting a promotion. A study in 2017 found that introverts were slightly more likely than extroverts to be appointed as chief executive.
Ambiverts can be good salespeople because they are able to listen to their customers and understand their needs but also have the energy to sell their firms' goods and services. Mr. Moore thinks that successful executives have to become ambiverts at times in order to succeed. Introverts must try to show enthusiasm, or make an inspiring speech, when the situation calls for it. And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams — not least because when the boss speaks first, juniors will be unwilling to disagree.
What makes life tricky for managers is that people don't have labels on their foreheads stating which kind of personality type they are. Sometimes people make it obvious. But that means managers have to spend time chatting to and observing their team members before deciding how best to get them motivated and inspired.
1. What should a manager do to manage his team?| A．He should protect his team members well. |
| B．He should be the best coach in the company. |
| C．He should have an understanding of his own personality. |
| D．He should understand his team members' characters. |
| A．The ways of becoming extroverts. | B．The cause of becoming extroverts. |
| C．The strengths of becoming extroverts. | D．The importance of becoming extroverts. |
| A．Extroverts should be more patient. |
| B．Introverts should listen to the teams. |
| C．Ambiverts are more likely to become salesmen. |
| D．A boss should employ more extroverts than introverts. |
| A．The tricky life. | B．The type of characters. |
| C．The label of team members. | D．The manager's forehead. |
10 . Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family. But we rarely consider that everything we think, feel, do, or say can spread far beyond the people we know. Conversely(相反地), our friends and family serve as conduits(渠道) for us to be influenced by hundreds or even thousands of other people. In a kind of social chain reaction, we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that happen to people we do not know. As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of something much larger.
Our connectedness carries with it fundamental implications(影响) for the way we understand the human condition. Social networks have value precisely because they can help us to achieve what we could not achieve on our own. Yet, socialnetwork effects are not always positive. Depression, obesity, financial panic, and violence also spread. Social networks, it turns out, tend to magnify(放大) whatever they are seeded with.
Partly for this reason, social networks are creative. And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network. In this way, a social network is like a commonly owned forest: We all stand to benefit from it, but we also must work together to ensure it remains healthy and productive. While social networks are fundamentally and distinctively human, and can be seen everywhere, they should not be taken for granted.
If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognise your own location. And it may have a lot to do with the overall structure of the network, even if you cannot control that structure at all. And in some cases, the process feeds back to the network itself. A person with many friends may become rich and then attract even more friends. This richgetricher dynamic means social networks can dramatically reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society: situational inequality and positional inequality.
Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of positional inequality. Still, understanding the way we are connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public health to the economy. We might be better off vaccinating(接种疫苗) centrally located individuals rather than weak individuals. We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people to avoid criminal behaviour rather than preventing or punishing crimes one at a time.
If we want to understand how society works, we need to fill in the missing links between individuals. We need to understand how interconnections and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects of human experience that are not present in the individuals themselves. If we do not understand social networks, we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?| A．We can't be easily affected by strangers. |
| B．We are connected and form a social network. |
| C．We have negative effects on other social members. |
| D．We will not make a difference in a specific group. |
| A．It remains healthy and productive. |
| B．It tends to magnify negative things. |
| C．It is creative and shared by people in the whole society. |
| D．What it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in the network. |
| A．whether we are richer depends on the number of friends we make |
| B．the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual continuous efforts |
| C．sometimes our success may be largely due to our position in social networks |
| D．we won't succeed unless we fully control the overall structure of the network |
| A．To introduce the characteristics of social networks. |
| B．To urge people to understand how our society works. |
| C．To show the significance of understanding social networks. |
| D．To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social networks. |
