1 . Accidents happen more often than you think. Every year in China, 3.2 million people die in accidents – that’s an average of six people per minute. Experts say that the 10 minutes after an accident can make the difference between life and death.
The second Saturday of September is World First Aid Day. It fell on Sept 8 this year. First aid refers to the first steps taken to help someone who’s injured.
“Learning first aid is good for everyone and it is better to start young,” Wang Jiangshan, a doctor in the hospital’s emergency room, told the China Youth Daily. “It can benefit oneself and others for the rest of one’s life.”
| A．It includes keeping the person safe and staying calm |
| B．You can learn first aid by visiting the official website of China First Aid Training |
| C．This is why learning first aid is so important |
| D．Right now is a good time for us to learn more about first aid |
| E．Some hospitals also give courses or even hold first aid camps for kids |
| F．In the US, first aid is a basic skill that every student has to learn |
| G．Basic first aid training teaches you how to deal with emergencies |
2 . I first began experiencing anxiety and depression at age 14 after being bullied at school for years. While at first anxiety and depression would come and go, it eventually became constant part of my life.
I was so set on finding the solution to overcoming it that I tried everything from which I was in college to graduate school: mood-changing medication, special teas, yoga, think I read about in books, and advice given by doctors. Despite this, I still felt I hadn’t even come close to managing the problem.
But one afternoon, I spotted an article in a magazine talking about how dogs were all to help people with anxiety and depression. The next day, I managed to get a dog — corgi (柯基犬).
However, once the “puppy excitement” went away, my anxiety and depression came back as usual. One morning, I woke up with those familiar feelings again. I didn’t want to get out of bed. I turned to pull the covers back over my head and give up. That’s when I saw my pet—Buddy.
Buddy started jumping all over me, licking (舔) my face, and letting me know that it was time to go outside. It was as if he were saying, “There’s no time to be sad! The world is amazing!” And for the first time in my life, on a day when my anxiety and depression were strong, I got out of bed. I put on my winter clothes and went for a walk in the snow with my new friend. I realized at that moment, walking down the street in winter , my life was changing. I really was a new girl.
Sure, I still have days when I feel down or anxious. But with Buddy by my side, I’ve finally learned how to manage these feelings and emotions.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．The author recovered a little by doing yoga. |
| B．The author was a school bully (仗势欺人者) for years. |
| C．The author began to have mental problems after college. |
| D．The problem-solving ways the author tried didn’t work. |
| A．A doctor recommended it to her. |
| B．She read it in an article by chance. |
| C．She found it out herself after keeping a corgi. |
| D．She heard it from some other depression sufferers. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Anxious. | C．Confused. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Pet Dogs Can Be the Best Cure |
| B．Keeping a Dog Benefits Us a Lot |
| C．Anxiety and Depression Is Dangerous |
| D．Different Ways to Get Rid of Bad Feelings |
3 . Here’s an idea whose time has come: A flu shot that doesn’t require an actual shot.
For the first time, researchers have tested a flu vaccine patch (疫苗贴) in a human clinical trial and found that it delivered as much protection as a traditional injection with a needle. Doctors and public health experts have high hopes that it will increase the number of people who get immunized (免疫的) against the flu.
Seasonal flu is responsible for up to half a million deaths around the world each year according to the World Health Organization. A team led by Georgia Tech engineer Mark Prausnitz has come up with another method that uses “microneedles”. These tiny needles are so small that 100 of them, arranged in order on a patch, can fit under your thumb.Yet they’re big enough to hold vaccine for three types of flu.
None of the study volunteers had serious side effects. The groups that got patches had mild skin reactions that were not seen in the regular needle group, while the volunteers in the regular needle group were more likely to experience pain. Overall, 70 percent of the volunteers who got vaccine patches said they’d rather use them again than get a traditional flu shot. The study authors declared it a success on all fronts.
The biggest beneficiaries could be people in low- and middle-income countries, where flu vaccines are hard to come by. Reducing pain is nice, but other benefits—the patch costs less，is easier to transport, doesn’t require refrigeration, can be self-administered and doesn’t cause waste of needles-are even better.
“Microneedle Patches have the potential to become ideal candidates for vaccination programs,” wrote Katja Hoschler and Maria Zambon of Public Health England.
1. What is the passage mainly about?| A．A vaccine patch that cures people of their flu. |
| B．A clinical study that protects people from disease. |
| C．A patch that makes flu shots a thing of the past. |
| D．A method that makes traditional flu shots painless. |
| A．It is produced by the WHO. |
| B．It causes slight side effects. |
| C．It delivers vaccine to the little finger. |
| D．It works badly on 30% of the volunteers. |
| A．it is provided free of charge |
| B．it can be used without a doctor |
| C．it can he kept at room temperature |
| D．it needs less care in transportation |
| A．Cautious. | B．Favorable. |
| C．Ambiguous. | D．Disapproving. |
4 . Internet data shows that younger adults have become the main audience crazy about changing their appearance. Once the world of the female in her fifties, plastic surgery(整形手术) has become the focus of the younger Internet users.
The recent death of Stephanie Kuleba, an 18-year-old high school cheerleader who died as a result of plastic surgery, brought our attention to the fashion of becoming a more “ideal” body among teenagers. In fact, search data confirms this phenomenon. One of the most popular sites visited from the search term “plastic surgery” is the official site of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (www. plastic surgery. org). Over 25% of the visitors, which is up from 19.6% two years ago, fell within the 18 to 24 years old.
Plastic surgery has become an American obsession (痴迷). Checking other countries, such as the UK and Australia, the 18 to 24-year-old’s being interested in plastic surgery is an obvious US phenomenon. Unlike the other groups who visit sites related to diseases and keeping healthy, younger Internet users rush to sites that deal with personal appearance, such as those focused on body-building, weight loss and skin-care, and obviously plastic surgery.
While television on surgery may be driving the interest of a younger audience, one factor appears to be a key in preventing such teens from changing their bodies: the failing U.S. economy. There has been a decline in all plastic surgery topics over the last year. While older age continue to search for information on procedures such as liposuction(抽脂), it’s younger Internet users who in tough econ
omic times are focusing on improving their outer beauty, though at a discount price.
| A．To show cheerleaders pay more attention to their appearance. |
| B．To warn people that plastic surgery is not as safe as it is said to be. |
| C．To prove the fact that people will pursue beauty at any cost. |
| D．To draw attention to the issue of young people having plastic surgery. |
| A．how to be physically and mentally healthy. |
| B．how to make themselves look young. |
| C．how to prevent and cure diseases. |
| D．how to have more attractive appearance. |
| A．The safety of the operation |
| B．The total expense of the surgery. |
| C．The need for having the operation. |
| D．The results of the surgery. |
5 . Irish, Japanese, Chinese scientists share the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William Campbell, Staoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the prize
Campbell
The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou also discovered artemisinin (青蒿素), a drug that has
“These two
Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all
However, the new research has caused a lot of argument. Supporters say bad memories may ruin people’s lives. They come back
7 . If doctors want to test you for something, they’ll usually take a blood or urine sample. But wouldn’t it be much more convenient if they just asked you to breathe through a special instrument?
In fact, your breath can say a lot about you. In traditional Chinese medicine, doctors draw a conclusion about the health state of a patient based on the smell of his or her breath; trained dogs and rats can identify the smells of the breaths of people suffering from certain cancers; traffic police also monitor drivers’ alcohol consumption by testing their breaths.
Just like blood and urine, your breath contains lots of “metabolites” —the waste chemicals that the body produces, which vary from person to person. They are like personal health fingerprints, which is why scientists sometimes call them “breathprints”, according to Science Daily.
Compared to blood or urine testing, breath testing takes only seconds instead of hours, and it requires neither a needle nor a container to hold the body fluids(液). This means the test can be taken frequently to better detect early signs of diseases and monitor the progress of a medical treatment.
On the other hand, as an identifier, you might think that breaths are not as reliable as fingerprints since they might change based on what you eat. However, researchers in Zurich, Switzerland mapped 11 healthy volunteers’ chemical patterns by having them breathe through a special instrument, and they found that each pattern was unique and the patterns didn’t change much throughout the day, reported BBC.
“Our goal is to develop breath analysis to the point where it becomes competitive with the established analysis of blood and urine,” said Malcolm Kohler, professor at the University Hospital Zurich.
1. According to the text we know that______.| A．breath varies from person to person based on food |
| B．your breath may give you away if you are not careful |
| C．doctors can test one’s breath to find about his illness |
| D．trained dogs can identify people with certain cancers |
| A．comfortable and convincing | B．traditional and reliable |
| C．accurate and competitive | D．quick and convenient |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Approving. |
| C．Unconcerned. | D．Worried. |
| A．Breath testing is reliable and may have a bright future. |
| B．Blood or urine testing will be less used in medical treatment. |
| C．Doctors have found the best way to detect early signs of diseases. |
| D．Traditional Chinese medicine is becoming more and more popular. |
“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts. These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things—living cells, tissue, and even organs.
Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.
The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.
Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.
So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals’ chances of survival.
1. In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?
| A．Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own. |
| B．Rejected cells, tissues and organs. |
| C．Donated cells, tissues and organs. |
| D．Cells, tissues and organs made of steel. |
| A．Patients. | B．Rats. | C．Soldiers. | D．Sheep. |
| A．It will strengthen the human body’s immune system. |
| B．It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues. |
| C．It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs. |
| D．It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Reserved. | C．Positive. | D．Negative. |
No one would much like the idea of eating 61 pounds of tomatoes a day. But if their goodness was put into an easy-to-swallow pill that you were told might prevent strokes (中风) and heart attacks you would probably be putting in an order tomorrow.
Researchers believe they may have come up with just that after trials. The daily pill contains a chemical called lycopene which makes tomatoes red and is known to break down fat in the vessels (血管). A Cambridge University study found taking the pills improved blood flow and the lining of vessels in patients with preexisting heart conditions. It also increased the flexibility (灵活性) of their vessels by 50 percent. The scientists believe it could limit the damage caused by heart disease—responsible for 180,000 deaths a year—and help cut the 49,000 deaths a year from strokes. They also hope it could benefit those with arthritis (关节炎), diabetes (糖尿病) and even slow the progress of cancer.
Each pill is equal to eating around 61 pounds of ripe tomatoes. Studies have shown eating a Mediterraneanstyle diet rich in tomatoes, fish, vegetables, nuts and olive oil can significantly reduce cholesterol (胆固醇) and help prevent cardiovascular disease.
Preliminary results from a twomonth trial, in which the pill was given to 36 heart disease patients and 36 healthy volunteers with an average age of 67, were presented at a meeting of the American Heart Association. It was shown to improve the function of the endothelium—the layer of cells lining blood vessels. It also improved their sensitivity to nitric oxide, the gas which causes the enlargement of the vessels in response to exercise.
Ian Wilkinson, head of Cambridge University’s clinical trials unit, said, “These results are potentially very significant and it meets the goal, but we need more trials to see if they translate into fewer heart attacks and strokes.”
Further studies are planned, with researchers hoping it could offer a choice for heart disease sufferers who can not take the cholesterollowing drugs.
Mike Knapton, head of the British Heart Foundation, said, “Although this showed lycopene improved blood flow in people with heart disease, that's a long way from demonstrating that taking it could improve outcomes for people with heart disease. The best way to get the benefits of a good diet is to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.”
1. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?| A．We can eat too much tomato food. |
| B．Tomatoes are helpful to strokes and heart attacks. |
| C．Tomatoes will lose healthy elements if they are put into pills. |
| D．We had better not eat tomatoes. |
| A．are at the experiment stage |
| B．can cure all the disease |
| C．are widely used among patients |
| D．cost patients so little money |
| A．Children. | B．Youth. |
| C．Working people. | D．Old healthy people. |
| A．Disappointing. | B．Surprising. |
| C．Satisfactory. | D．Terrible. |
But soon after the tape recorder had been put in, Eddie’s nurse heard a woman, who was sitting in the crowded waiting-room one morning, complained, “Here we’re all waiting to see the doctor, and he’s just playing the violin in his office instead of doing his work.”
1. Eddie became a student of medicine at university__________.
| A．because he had lost interest in music |
| B．because he thought medicine was more important than music |
| C．to find out new use of music in hospital |
| D．for reasons unknown from this passage |
| A．He wanted to help patients waiting to see him pass the time easily. |
| B．He discovered that music was of help to his patients |
| C．He enjoyed listening to music while he worked |
| D．He wanted to attract more patients to his office |
| A．the woman thought Eddie was an unusual doctor |
| B．the woman didn’t understand music |
| C．the woman did not understand what Eddie meant |
| D．the woman hated to be kept waiting |
