1 . Half of the world's beaches could disappear by 2100, a study published in the journal Nature Climate Change suggests.
Michalis Vousdoukas, of the European Union's Joint Research Center in Ispra, Italy, was the lead researchist. "Tourist areas which have sandy beaches as their main selling point will probably face strong consequences," he said. Aside from economic value, beaches play an important environmental role. "Sandy beaches are important habitats supporting a wide range of species. They also protect the coast from the effects of storms, so without sandy beaches other inland environments can be affected by the effects of waves and saltwater entering," Vousdoukas added.
The main causes are rising sea-level and erosion (侵蚀)from storms, the study says, which warned of the near-disappearance of almost half of the world's sandy beaches by the end of the century. Beaches in the United States will be “greatly affected”,as will shorelines in Canada, Mexico, China and Chile. In the U. S. , beaches along the East Coast and the Gulf Coast will experience the most erosion.
Michalis Vousdoukas and other researchers used satellite images to track the way beaches have changed over the past 30 years and patterned how global warming might affect them in the future. They found that West Africa will see some of the worst losses, where more than 60% of sandy coastline may be lost in countries such as The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau. Australia will also take a hit:when the total length of sandy beach projected to be lost is analyzed, Australia would be hit the hardest, with more than 7,000 miles at risk.
1. What mainly caused the disappearance of half of the world's beaches?A.Over population and more tourism. | B.Severe erosion and coastline losses. |
C.Global warming and climate change. | D.Sea-level rise and storm destruction. |
A.Chile. | B.The Gambia. | C.Australia. | D.The United States. |
A.They can provide habitats for species. |
B.They can block out waves and storms. |
C.They can be popular tourist attractions. |
D.They can stop erosion from happening. |
A.To introduce beaches. | B.To make a comparison. |
C.To protect environment. | D.To explain a study. |
2 . Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $ 300 million and forestry program, at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset (碳补偿)plans to meet climate goals. The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon, including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain, and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.
The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell, as well as a way to meet its climate targets. “We believe that over time we will be building a business, because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited," they said. Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint (碳排放)by 2-3 percent in five years, which includes emissions (排放)from the products it sells. The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects, then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products, or apply the credits to its own operations to lower its carbon footprint.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon. However, the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics, as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor. Shell's move has also been criticized by some environmentalists. They worried that there was a risk of " greenwash when companies invested in forestry projects. "There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not," they said, pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation (滥伐森林)to another.
Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forest program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements. Mark Lewis, head of climate change investment research at BNP Paribas, said, " Planting trees to offset emissions, as far as it goes, is a step in the right direction."
1. What is popular among oil companies these days?A.Studying climate changes. |
B.Launching forestry programs. |
C.Working out carbon offset plans. |
D.Attracting motorists to buy their petrol. |
A.By quitting the emissions of its products. |
B.By reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter. |
C.By limiting the oil used by its own operations. |
D.By putting carbon credits it produces on the market. |
A.The projects can't really stop carbon emissions. |
B.The projects are hard to monitor in poor countries. |
C.The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests. |
D.The projects haven't met strict biodiversity requirements. |
A.Discount. | B.Cheat. |
C.Decline. | D.Change. |
When Abdus Salam looks across the trash-filled river near his home in one of Dhaka's major garment manufacturing districts, he remembers a time
The river beside him is now black like an ink stain. Abdus Salam said waste from nearby garment factories and dye houses has polluted the water. "There are no fish now," he said. "The water is so polluted that our children and grandchildren cannot have
Bangladesh is the world's second
Fashion is responsible for up to one-fifth of
One 55-year-old, who
Are you worried about our earth? Do you want to do what you can to save it?
Turn off anything that uses electricity when not in use.
It's not just paper, plastic and glass that can be recycled — clothes can be, too.
You don't have to travel far to get what you need, and products don't have to travel far to get to you, either. Shop at farmers' markets and buy food that was produced as close to your home as possible. And when you're online shopping, try to find things that won't have to travel long distances.
Save water.If you don't let the water run when you're brushing your teeth and take showers instead of baths, you will be using less water and less energy — but you'll still be just as clean!
A.Buy things nearby. |
B.Think before you eat. |
C.It's hard to know where to start. |
D.Turn short jeans you've grown out of into shorts. |
E.Also, don't wash dishes with the water running continuously. |
F.This goes for lights, televisions, computers, printers, and so on. |
G.Bring a reusable water bottle with you when travelling or at work. |
5 . One of the tallest wooden buildings in Europe, a 98m timber (木材)mixture skyscraper, is to rise in Berlin.
The 29-storey WoHo tower, to be designed by a firm of Norwegian architects, is intended to be a “light-house project” for low-carbon construction, towering over Potsdamer Platz and the Landwehr Canal.
Its core, including lifts and a staircase, is to be built around concrete structure but the rest of the building, including flats, offices, cafes and a kindergarten, will be fashioned down wooden beams (横梁)and panels.
“As Norwegians, we are used to working a lot with timber,” Nicolai Riise, CEO of the Mad Architects' Practice said.
“The thing about timber is that its carbon footprint is close to zero and that it's a fantastic material to build with. If you look at this in a broader way, it's one of the ways we are going to be able to beat the climate crisis.”
Wooden skyscrapers, once regarded as a pipe dream, have become realistic with the coming of cross-laminated (交叉叠合)building techniques and more flexible planning laws. Because these structures' parts are fit with care, they can be far lighter than their concrete equivalents (同等物)and are thought to be relatively resistant to fire. A cubic meter of wood can also take an estimated ton of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
Larger wooden structures are planned elsewhere. London is examining blueprints for a 300-meter Oakwood Tower. A project in Tokyo could rise to 350m.
1. What is special about the WoHo Tower?A.It will serve as a light house. |
B.Its core is to be built with timber. |
C.It is designed for a Norwegian firm. |
D.It will be a tall timber mixture building. |
A.It is a flexible material. | B.It is easy to collect. |
C.It is environmentally-friendly. | D.It can be cut into pieces. |
A.A nightmare. | B.Something practical. |
C.A piece of cake. | D.Something impossible |
A.Flexible ideas. | B.The concrete equivalents. |
C.Fire resistant materials. | D.New building techniques. |
6 . Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.
Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.
Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai's footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.
As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing awareness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China's garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation's sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.
1. What is the most probable reason for classifying waste?A.No site for burying waste. | B.People's habit. |
C.Economic cost. | D.Environmental pollution. |
A.To practise waste classification. |
B.To protect environment. |
C.To save oil for farming. |
D.To reduce the quantity of waste. |
A.A program adopted across China. |
B.Shanghai carried out new disposal rules. |
C.Doing the best with waste. |
D.Protecting environment is necessary. |
A.China will become the leading country of the program. |
B.The program will be spread nationwide. |
C.Development in rural areas will make great progress. |
D.People will help develop modern technology. |
7 . Last year, four children waited for their school bus every day for ten minutes, on the same dirty street corner. There were old bottles, parts of old bikes, and
One day, one of the children looked at the corner and
The corner looked
After one month, their ugly, dirty corner had become a beautiful
A.full | B.empty | C.cheap | D.expensive |
A.school | B.bus | C.old bottles | D.bus stop |
A.cold | B.gorgeous | C.useless | D.ugly |
A.had | B.refused | C.decided | D.managed |
A.ten | B.fifteen | C.twenty | D.thirty |
A.made | B.collected | C.bought | D.gave |
A.Tuesday | B.Sunday | C.Saturday | D.Friday |
A.car | B.bus | C.corner | D.bag |
A.passengers | B.children | C.teachers | D.girls |
A.better | B.useful | C.else | D.hard |
A.clean | B.dirty | C.green | D.gone |
A.nice | B.wrong | C.larger | D.better |
A.tree | B.flower | C.vegetable | D.fruit |
A.flowers | B.vegetables | C.trees | D.plants |
A.enough | B.limited | C.long | D.short |
A.seeds | B.toys | C.garbage | D.bikes |
A.school | B.home | C.playground | D.garden |
A.see | B.visit | C.help | D.enjoy |
A.world | B.school | C.bus stop | D.corner |
A.homes | B.gardens | C.villages | D.surroundings |
8 . After the season for giving, it is the one for throwing away. Each year in late December and early January a massive amount of plastic packaging is discarded (丢弃) worldwide. In Britain alone households generate 30% more waste, an extra 3m tonnes, in the month over Christmas. Most is destined for landfill. Lithuania will do less damage than many, though. The country now recycles at a record level. Almost three- quarters (74%) of plastic packaging waste was recycled there in 2017, the highest proportion in Europe.
Much of Lithuania' s success is due to a deposit refund scheme (方案). Customers pay €0.10 extra when buying drinks containers. After use, these can be fed into reverse vending machines (反向自动售货机) installed in shops, which spit the deposit back out. The machines’ contents are sent directly to recycling centers. By the end of 2017, 92% of all bottles and cans sold in Lithuania were being returned. The overall plastic packaging recycling rate increased by almost 20%.
The Lithuanian government says the scheme has fueled a potential love for recycling in its citizens. Nearly 90% of Lithuanians have used the machines at least once. However, Lithuanians do not generally describe themselves as eco-fighters. A 2017 survey by the European Commission found they were less likely than most other Europeans to regard environmental issues as “very important”.
The eagerness of Lithuanian recyclers may stem not from a love of the Earth but from a low net worth(资本净值). A tenth of the population live on less than €245 a month. In big cities it is common to see people scooping recyclable items out of bins to take to the machines.
Less litter and money for people who need it seems like a win-win. But it might not in fact be best for the environment in the long run. In Germany ----where a similar, widely used refund deposit scheme has been in place since 2003 --- the earnings from keeping the deposits from unreturned bottles seem to have discouraged producers from switching to more sustainable packaging.
1. What might most Lithuanian customers do under the deposit refund scheme?A.They send their drinks containers directly to recycling centers. |
B.They spend more on drinks than other European customers. |
C.They return their used drinks containers. |
D.They use vending machines to buy drinks. |
A.Lithuania beat many countries in plastic recycling. |
B.Lithuanians were less aware of environmental conservation. |
C.Lithuanians made much money from recycling. |
D.Lithuania had an unequal income distribution. |
A.Positive. | B.Unfavorable. |
C.Ambiguous. | D.Uninterested. |
A.How and why Lithuanians recycle their trash. |
B.How waste turns into treasure in Lithuania |
C.Who are recycling plastic bottles in Lithuania |
D.Where Lithuanians throw away their plastic packaging |
1.垃圾的现状和危害;
2.说明处理垃圾的办法:分类放进不同的垃圾桶里;提高环保意识;
3.自己的看法。
注意:1.词数120左右,开头结尾已经为你写好(不计入总词数);
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:垃圾 rubbish
分类放进不同的垃圾桶里 put into different dustbins
提高环保意识 raise awareness of environmental protection
Dear editor,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
1.不要乱扔垃圾,应该保持环境清洁;
2.植树造林,保护环境;
3.保护海洋,禁止过度捕鱼;
4.充分利用自然资源。
注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3.可根据内容需要适当增加细节。
Nowadays, pollution is getting worse and worse.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Ping