1 . The UK has been taking various kinds of measures to increase its use of renewable energy.
Recent statistics have shown that 2017 is the greenest year the UK has ever had for electricity production, with its first coal-free day since the 19th century.
It added,
| A．The UK has been trying to reduce the amount of gas it uses. |
| B．Climate change is endangering our nature and wildlife. |
| C．It is gradually changing from using fossil fuels to using cleaner and sustainable energy, such as wind power. |
| D．The situation of our nature and wildlife is becoming better and better. |
| E．In June, the electricity produced by wind, nuclear and solar power also exceeded that via gas and coal for the first time. |
| F．The conservation charity World Wildlife Fund said it was pleased to see the UK taking active measures for a greener nation. |
| G．Meanwhile, the UK has been trying to reduce the amount of coal it uses. |
2 . Scientists have been conducting plenty of research aiming at changing thee deserts back to good land again. Via countless research and investigations, they are learning more and more about deserts,and have tried various methods to recover wasted deserts, including bringing water in so that people can live and grow food there. However, things don't seem to go well. The earth is becoming desert day by day, and some think that the scientists might not be able to change this severe situation in time.
So why is land becoming desert? Though it is partially related to natural changes, many scientists believe that it is human beings that should take the responsibility, Believe it or not, people make deserts.Some places on Earth don't get much rain, but they still don't become deserts. This is because some green plants are growing there. It is a pity that despite the countless efforts scientists have made to promote the importance of plants to stop land from becoming desert, many people still don't pay enough attention.
Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places, and prevent the sun from making the earth even drier. Plants don't let the wind blow the soil away, either. When a bit of rain falls, the plants hold the water. Without plants, the land can become desert more easily. If there were no green plants on Earth, the whole planet would eventually become desert.
1. Which of the following statements is true about deserts?| A．There have never been plants or animals in deserts before. |
| B．All the deserts on Earth can be turned into good land soon. |
| C．There is little water for growing food in the deserts. |
| D．Deserts are more often caused by natural changes in history. |
| A．scientists know well how to change desert into good land. |
| B．people should follow the scientists' suggestion to stop the land from becoming desert. |
| C．if scientists can bring water to desert, people can manage to live and grow food there. |
| D．human activity is the only reason why land is becoming desert. |
| A．Plants can keep dry land from becoming desert. |
| B．It is good to remove all the grass from the desert. |
| C．All places without much rain will become deserts. |
| D．It is better to grow grass than trees on dry land. |
| A．In a novel on desert exploration. | B．In an academic report on water shortages. |
| C．In a blog on desertification. | D．In a poster about environmental protection. |
3 . 
“Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a lowcarbon economy，” a Chinese government official said in Shanghai yesterday.
“China doesn't lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy，” said Zhou Changyi, director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
“While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation，” Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of China's Industrialization forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair 2009.
He said industrialized nations and China are dealing with different issues to combat climate change. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions.For China, the most urgent task is how to realize new type of industrialization and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrialized.
As such, overseas exhibitors at this year's fair are showing ways to help China achieve lowcarbon emissions in the industrial section.
Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product life cycle assessment, or LCA, which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling.
Tobias Becker, head of ABB's process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions.
LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental impact throughout its life cycle instead of on its initial investment or ready to use stage.For example, a motor's initial investment accounts for only 3 percent of its life cycle cost, while 94 percent goes to fuel consumption and the rest to maintenance.
Richard Hausmann, North East Asia CEO of Siemens, said：“The color of future industrialization is green.”
The Germany Company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Euros (D|S 8.8 billion) for intelligent net power networks, Smart Grid, over the next five years.Siemens has set a 20 percent market share target for the global smart grid business.
A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialized computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid.
1. The underlined word “lag” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”．| A．fall behind | B．be superior to |
| C．attack | D．fear |
| A．LCA is used to study the impact on a product. |
| B．LCA can help manufacturing industries decrease carbon release a lot. |
| C．LCA shows industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental influence on its initial investment. |
| D．LCA was one of the exhibitions at this year's fair. |
| A．Siemens has occupied 20 percent market share for the global smart grid business |
| B．Siemens received orders worth 6 billion Euros recently |
| C．Siemens will earn D|S8.8 billion from intelligent power networks |
| D．Siemens' plan about Smart Grid may come true in the future |
| A．Developed and Developing Nations Can Learn from Each Other |
| B．LowCarbon Economy — a Shared Goal |
| C．Intelligent Power Networks |
| D．Two Biggest Markets for Smart Grid |
4 . Help Hermit Crabs
Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators(天敌). Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky(狡猾); it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems? There are not enough shells to go around!
One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals, like snails, are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs(纪念品). This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong—at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance(物质)that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
1. Where can hermit crabs stay safe?| A．In different old seashells. |
| B．Behind the waste they’ll eat. |
| C．In their own thin outer shells. |
| D．Under the stones at the seashore. |
| A．man-made | B．perfect | C．hard | D．comfortable |
| A．The Project Shelter Group. |
| B．The shortage of the seashell. |
| C．New homes for hermit crabs. |
| D．The recyclers of the nature. |
5 . Nola (August 21, 1974—November 22, 2015) was a northern white rhino who lived at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park near Escondido, California. At her death, she was one of only four remaining northern white rhinos in the world. The other three lived in Kenya. World Rhino Day, held on September 2, is to raise awareness(意识) of the less than 30, 000 other rhinos left on Earth.
''Rhinos need our help today, not tomorrow,'' Nola's lead keeper Jane Kennedy said. ''Last year we lost over 1, 200 rhinos just in South Africa. If we continue to lose more than 1, 000 rhinos a year, in 10 to 20 years all the rhinos on the planet will be gone. ''
''Unfortunately, most animals are in danger of dying out because of humans,'' Kennedy says. ''Humans have either poached animals, or because there are over seven billion of us, we've taken up too much of the world's resources''. Poachers illegally hunt rhinos for their horns. They sell the horns for thousands of dollars per pound, to be used for art, jewelry, and decorations. Experts believe that one rhino is poached every eight hours.
In 1975, the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research started the Frozen Zoo, a program through which researchers have collected cell (细胞) samples from more than 8, 000 different types of animals, including the northern white rhino. Scientists hope that by studying the rhino cells, they will get greater understanding of it, and will find ways to increase its numbers.
Jane Kennedy describes World Rhino Day as a celebration of rhinos along with an awareness campaign for everybody across the world to know that rhinos need our help. ''At the San Diego Zoo, children and adults are welcome to visit and speak with zookeepers to learn about rhinos. But you don't have to live in San Diego to celebrate World Rhino Day. It is observed around the world, with zoos and wildlife parks holding special events and programs to teach people about rhinos, and enable them to see the animals up close. For more information, go to www. worldrhinoday. org.
1. What do we know about Nola?| A．It was a baby white rhino. |
| B．It was one of the last of its kind. |
| C．It lived with other northern white rhinos in Kenya. |
| D．It died on September 22 at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. |
| A．The rhinos' uncertain future. |
| B．The rhinos' strange activities. |
| C．The limited natural resources. |
| D．The rare animals in South Africa. |
| A．Invent new kinds of animals. |
| B．Keep animals from dying out. |
| C．Prevent rhinos from being hunted. |
| D．Raise public awareness of rhinos. |
| A．To help people know more about animals. |
| B．To encourage people to protect rhinos. |
| C．To report special events in San Diego. |
| D．To introduce World Rhino Day. |
6 . The USA，New York—Whales and dolphins are facing increasing threats from climate change，according to a new report published by WWF(World Wildlife Fund)and the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society(WDCS)．
The report“Whales in hot water？”draws attention to the growing impacts of climate change on whales.They range from changes in sea temperature and the freshening of the seawater because of the melting of ice and increased rainfalls，to a sea level rise，loss of icy polar habitats and the decline of krill populations in key areas. Krill，a tiny shrimp that is dependent on sea ice，is the main source of food for many of the great whales.
The speeding up of climate change adds greatly to trouble from other human activities，such as chemical and noise pollution，which kills some 1，000 whales every day.
“Whales and dolphins have an ability to adapt to their changing environment，”said Mark Simmonds，International Director of Science at WDCS.“But the climate is now changing at such a fast pace that it is unclear to what extent whales and dolphins will be able to adjust.”
Climate change impacts are currently greatest in the Arctic and the Antarctic.According to the report，whales that rely on polar，icy water for their home and food resources are likely to be greatly affected by the reduction of sea ice cover.
WDCS and WWF are urging governments to cut global production of CO2 by at least 50 percent by the middle of this century. The latest report of the Intergovern－mental Panel on Climate Change showed it was possible to stop global warming if the world's emissions start to decline before 2015.
1. What is the literary type of this passage?| A．Story. | B．Announcement. |
| C．News. | D．Novel. |
| A．dolphins | B．krill |
| C．sea horses | D．sharks |
| A．The Pacific Ocean. | B．Asia. |
| C．Two polar areas. | D．Equator. |
| A．Climate change will lead to the changes in sea temperature. |
| B．Climate change will result in the freshening of the sea water. |
| C．Climate change will have a bad effect on human activities and whales. |
| D．Human beings will forever have no ability to stop global warming |
2.如何改善/保护环境
注意：1、次数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好
How to protect/save our environment/world?
The environmental pollution is more and more serious today .
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1. 当今, 随着濒危物种(species)被非法猎杀(hunt illegally), 以及栖息地(habitat)被破坏, 它们正以令人惊讶的速度(alarming rate)灭绝(extinct)。
2. 人们已逐渐意识到(aware of)保护它们的重要性。有些志愿者主动夜以继日地保护它们。
3. 政府已采取有效的措施(measure)来保护(watch over)它们, 比如建立了一些自然保护区(reserve)。
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9 . A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found.
Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities. The new study represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution.
Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace." The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike or on foot.
One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as "deadheading," takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle.
Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate (夸大）the effects of their services on pollution. Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report and that the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing. Meanwhile, the company said it would work directly with cities to address climate changes, promoting sharing trips and other means of transportation.
1. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?| A．Ride-sharing becomes a new trend that can’t be avoided. |
| B．Ride-sharing industry is met with criticism. |
| C．Ride-sharing services increase pollution. |
| D．Ride-sharing services need improvement. |
| A．a driving process where the driver is not carrying passengers |
| B．a potential risk that the driver may lose control of the vehicle |
| C．a period of driving hours when vehicles produce more carbon dioxide |
| D．a situation in which a driver has too many passengers to pick up |
| A．barking up the wrong tree | B．not seeking the truth from facts |
| C．killing two birds with one stone | D．beating around the bush |
| A．Ride-sharing attracts exactly the same number of people as traditional means of transport. |
| B．the study was conducted to prove the influence of ride-sharing services on modern cities |
| C．ride-sharing service is not an environmentally friendly way to travel |
| D．the new report has forced Uber to make big changes to achieve its goal |
10 . Have you ever wondered what it would be like to work with zoo or aquarium animals? Kylene, an animal care specialist from Sea World San Diego, who cared for the African penguins at SeaWorld for many years.
Over the past several years, the South African penguins have been on the decrease in numbers. A hundred years ago, there were about 1 million African penguins, but since then their population has decreased to under 100 ,000. Scientists predict the population could fall as low as 50 ,000 over the next 20 years if we don't do anything.
Some scientists think the changing ocean temperatures have caused the penguins1 food supply to disappear. Humans have also disturbed the penguins ' wild habitat and collected their eggs. And humans have also been collecting guano (the waste passed from the sea birds' bodies) , which can be added to the soil to make plants grow more successfully. As a result, humans damage their natural nest-digging sites. Without the piles of guano the penguins used to build their nests, they've been forced to nest on open ground.
Some other scientists think the slight increase in air temperature on the islands has had an impact on the penguins' success rate of hatching their eggs. No matter what the reason is, South African penguin population is falling, and scientists need to find a way to stop the decline.
Working with other zoos in the country, Kylene did what she could to help protect the South African penguins. Through Kylene's efforts and the efforts of the people like her at many penguin conservation organizations in South Africa, these little penguins have a chance for a better tomorrow.
1. What has happened to the South African penguins over the past years?| A．The penguin population has greatly declined. |
| B．They've begun to lose the habitat completely. |
| C．They have done great harm to the natural environment. |
| D．They have been hunted by humans for money-making. |
| A．The importance of penguins' return. | B．The causes of penguins' decrease. |
| C．The efforts of some scientists. | D．the necessity of penguins' existence. |
| A．The food supply. | B．The building materials. |
| C．The good shelter. | D．The farming fertilizer. |
| A．Worried. | B．Doubtful. | C．Hopeful. | D．Uncertain. |
