1 . About 97% of the world’s water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas. But, as we can’t drink sea water, how can it be important?

Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals that live at different ocean depths. Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food. These simple plants called algae (海藻) drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. In fact, algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe. How important sea water is!

Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain. The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic (微小的) animals, which are in turn consumed by larger animals. These food chains are delicately balanced.

The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man. People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didn’t matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food. But we now know this is not true and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop.

Thankfully, the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats (海域). Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans and new techniques are being pioneered (提倡) to cope with pollution. Finally, the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people. This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future. We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet. How important sea water is!

1. Which of the following is the proper order of the food chain?

A．small animals→algae→microscopic animals→large animals→man

B．algae→microscopic animals→large animals→larger animals→man

C．small animals→algae→large animals→microscopic animals→man

D．microscopic animals→algae→large animals→larger animals→man

2. People used to think that the rubbish thrown into the sea ____.

A．wouldn’t harm the fish in the sea

B．would change the balance of the food chain

C．would be broken down in the sea

D．wouldn’t do much harm to the sea

3. From the passage, we learn that ____.

A．most fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seas

B．it is very difficult to break the balance of a food chain

C．excessive fishing has caused the decrease in fish stocks

D．it won’t be long before the problems concerning oceans are solved

4. Which of the following is NOT a way being used to protect the oceans?

A．The use of international agreements.

B．Forbidding fishing to protect fish stocks.

C．The use of new techniques.

D．Raising people’s awareness of protecting the oceans.

2 . 假定你是李华，你校计划下周日去南山潮（Nanshan Lake）开展保护水资源的宣传活动，就此请你写封信给外教Smith，邀请他一起参加，活动主要内容包括：
1. 在湖边捡垃圾；
2. 派发宣传广告；
3. 讲解保护水资源的重要性。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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3 . How green are you? Do you know how to be green?

We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it is harmful to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. Here are some ideas for you.

Reduce

Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessary. Maybe the old one is still useful.

Reuse

Reuse means “use again”. When we buy things, make sure that they can last a long time. When something is broken, we should repair it instead of throwing it away and buying a new one. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china (瓷) cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.

Recycle

Recycle means “change things into something else”. Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them.

So please remember these words: reduce, reuse and recycle.

1. What is the passage about?

A．How to produce things.	B．How to burn things.
C．How to be green.	D．How to help others.

2. Which of the following is right?

A．Always throw away old things.

B．Don’t waste things.

C．Always buy new things.

D．Never buy new things.

3. It is better to use a china cup and a lunch box because we can 　　　them.

A．reuse	B．reduce
C．repair	D．recycle

4. The passage may come from a 　　　.

A．menu	B．dictionary
C．storybook	D．magazine

4 . Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic.

The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch – about 40,000 metric tons – within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made。

The system, originally dreamed up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, and which contains an estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.

Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there,” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat, 23, says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as a humanity created this problem, so I think it's our responsibility also to help solve it,” he said.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) spans 617,763 sq miles - more than twice the size of France, and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” – parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes – often from illegal fishing vessels.

Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it’s food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.

1. What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?

A．waste.	B．ocean.
C．system.	D．machine.

2. According to the passage, most of the Garbage in Pacific is made up of _____ .

A．fishing vessels

B．dolphins and seals

C．giant tubes

D．abandoned fishing gear

3. why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?

A．because they were killed by Ghost gear.

B．because they were suffocated by ghost gear.

C．because they didn't like eating plastic.

D．because they are not feeding properly.

4. What is the main idea of the Passage?

A．news about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.

B．report about the death of marine life

C．information about ocean plastic.

D．the reason for inventing a machine.

5 . Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.

Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.

Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.

The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.

Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.

1. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?

A．Help increase grocery sales.

B．Recycle the waste material.

C．Stop things falling off trucks.

D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.

2. What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Bans on plastic bags.

B．Effects of city development.

C．Headaches caused by garbage.

D．Plastic bags hung in trees.

3. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?

A．They are quite expensive.

B．Replacing them can be difficult.

C．They are less strong than plastic bags.

D．Producing them requires more energy.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Plastic, Paper or Neither

B．Industry, Pollution and Environment

C．Recycle or Throw Away

D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country     1    （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over     2     past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is     3     (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice     4     (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water     5     rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased     6     (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total     7     (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government     8     (start) a soil-testing program     9     gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while     10     (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

7 . The Lifecycle of a T-shirt

We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You’d probably be surprised to learn what's involved in the lifecycle of just one T-shirt.

There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal   The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning（轧花）. While cotton is a natural fiber (纤维）and not as harmful to the environment as manmade fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂）is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.

Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting（编织）, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc.——these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.

After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments (衣服）are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck…，all of which spill CO₂ into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO₂ emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.

Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you’ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.

The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.

We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing... It has a real impact on the planet.

There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they’re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat(恒温器) on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.

1. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “      ”

A．wastes water	B．takes a lot of time
C．uses energy	D．has a bad effect

2. We can learn from the passage that in the US, .

A．pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year

B．C02 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile

C．about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycled

D．about 16, 000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry

3. What can be inferred from this passage?

A．The production process may affect water safety.

B．The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.

C．Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.

D．The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.

4. What is the purpose of this article?

A．To encourage people to donate clothes to charity.

B．To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.

C．To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.

D．To introduce the five stages in the lifecycle of clothing.

8 . Last week the electricity in my flat went out.    1     My typical evening is spent watching TV and scrolling (滚动) through social media. Tonight this wasn’t possible. My roommate and I weren’t prepared with candles and matches. We just rely on electricity.

So for me it was an early night,     2     That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity, as basic as running water. But really, electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for granted. I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary.

    3     And as I’m writing this, I have my lights on, even in the middle of the day when I don’t really need them.

    4    It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. Not only that, but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy, we will soon run out of it.

How would we survive in a world without electricity? Our daily lives go around it. We wouldn’t be able to function.     5    So, shouldn’t we start preparing for it now? Cutting down on our use of electricity would save energy resources so that they could last for longer. And if everyone does it, we can make a big difference.

A．Yet we know one day we will run out of it.

B．Our over-use of electricity is a big problem.

C．This left me in complete darkness the whole night.

D．It is a real problem to cut down on the use of electricity.

E．I know for sure I could cut down on my use of electricity.

F．I couldn’t help but think, do we rely too much on electricity?

G．I turn on the TV in the background even when Tm not watching it.

9 . A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women’s shoes.

Every day, millions of Americans drink water and other liquids from plastic bottles. More than 60 million of them are thrown away each day. Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.

A San Francisco start-up company called Rothy’s, however, turns this plastic waste into environmentally friendly shoes. Roth Martin is the company’s co-founder. He explains how they turn plastic into soft material for women’s feet. They take the plastic, clean it, and break it down into small pieces. Then they press them through a device that makes soft fibers. Those fibers are then combined together. This is done by a 3D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes. The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe’s outer part, called the sole (鞋底). This outer sole is also made from environmentally friendly material: responsibly sourced no-carbon rubber.

Rothy’s shoes are sold online. They are flat shoes, with either a rounded or pointed toe. They come in different colors and designs. They cost either $ 125 or $ 145 per pair, depending on the design. After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year, the demand for the shoes grew. Martin says there is no shortage of material to fill that demand. “We’re not going to run out of water bottles any time soon. So we have a limitless supply of material, and I think that is a good sign for our future.” When the environmentally friendly shoes wear out, customers can return them at no cost to a company that uses the recycled materials to make other products.

For now, the shoes are only available to be shipped in the United States. However, the company says it will add international shipping in the near future.

1. How are used plastic bottles usually dealt with?

A．They are buried or burned.

B．They are used to make shoes.

C．They are changed into soft materials.

D．They are returned to factories for reuse.

2. What does the underlined word knitted in the third paragraph mean?

A．Attached.	B．Fixed.
C．Combined.	D．Repaired.

3. Which of the following directly helped to increase the sales of Rothy’s shoes?

A．The design and color.	B．The reasonable price.
C．The company’s advertisement.	D．The star power of Gwyneth Paltrow.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To advertise a new kind of shoes.

B．To describe the process of making shoes.

C．To introduce a new way of recycling plastic waste.

D．To stress the importance of environmental protection.

10 . 某英文网站要举办主题为保护环境的征文大赛，请你以We can help protect the environment为标题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括:

1.环境污染越来越严重；

2.作为学生，我们应该怎样保护环境；

3.号召同学们从现在做起。

注意:

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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