1 . Heaven is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians."

Obviously the national stereotypes in this old joke are generalizations(普遍化), but such stereotypes are often said to "exist for a reason". Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says.

"National and cultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people see themselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing," said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. "These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They don't come from looking around you," McCrae said.

If national stereotypes aren't rooted in real experiences, then where do they come from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may become known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the Old West.

Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.

We may be "hard-wired", to some degree, to keep incorrect stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather than typical national or cultural groups.

1. The stereotype about Italians is________.

A．strict but thoughtful	B．friendly and good-tempered
C．dreamy and impractical	D．romantic but disorganized

2. According to social scientists, national stereotypes are not always correct because________.

A．they are formed by individual historians

B．what was true in the past may not be true at the present

C．generalizations are made through personal experience

D．people tend to have false idea about other cultures

3. According to the research team led by McCrae, national stereotypes are________.

A．interesting

B．harmful

C．humorous

D．unreliable

4. The underlined word "hard-wired" in the last paragraph probably means________.

A．forgetful

B．changeable

C．fixed

D．helpless

3 . It’s a dream come true for many fans to get a close view of their favorite stars and take pictures with them.     1    However, sometimes their enthusiasm can cause troubles for others.

At Hong Kong International Airport on Dec 15, three young Chinese people boarded a Korean Aircraft.     2    

The three people – two from the Chinese mainland and one from Hong Kong – were fans of Wanna One, a Korean pop band, who were on the same flight. However, immediately after taking pictures with their idols (偶像), the fans asked to get a repayment and got off the plane.     3       They had to go through security checks again, which delayed the flight by over an hour.

According to the flight regulations, all passengers need to get off and go through security checks once again even if only one passenger gets off the plane before takeoff.     4    

Cases of crazy fans buying flight tickets just to follow and get a close view of their idols are common nowadays, reported CGTN. A series of rules were issued in July in order to stop crazy fans from disturbing public security at the airport.

“    5    However, it shouldn’t go too far and hurt the public interest. To obey public rules is the best way to follow idols,” commented People’s Daily.

A．To make up for the loss, a sizable amount of money went to 357 passengers.

B．As a result, all the remaining 360 passengers had to get off the plane.

C．This is in case any dangerous things have been left on the flight.

D．It’s not unusual for fans and stars to share the same flight.

E．Some fans will do anything they can to realize the dream.

F．It was to fly from Hong Kong to the capital Seoul.

G．There’s nothing wrong with going after idols.

4 . Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn't mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or another, you'll have to stand up and say—problems, I don't want you in my life.

    1    Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children—the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shaped and colors and feelings.

But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems.

Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help.     2    Talking helps you move on and let go.

Write your problems.     3    When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system. You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.

Don't lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family…you should still have faith.     4    

Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.     5    Your problems might just seem big and worse, but in reality they can be removed.

Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.

A．Of course, we've been fighting troubles ever since we were born.

B．When we have a problem, a pressing, critical, urgent, life-threatening problem, how do we try and solve it？

C．Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don't want a real person to talk with.

D．But the truth is that when you talk about it, you're setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.

E．We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.

F．Tell yourself：when they can deal with them, why can't I？

G．With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose.

5 . At first glance, there is nothing unusual about the BingoBox store—shelves stacked with snacks line the walls, tempting passers-by through the glass windows. But on closer inspection, BingoBox is no ordinary store. The door opens only after customers scan a QR code to enter, and there is no cashier to tally up purchases—just a lone checkout counter in a corner. The Shanghai-based company is one of many unmanned store operators opening outlets all over China, hoping to improve slim profit margins in the retail business by reducing staff costs.

“If capital costs rise quickly, that puts greater pressure on low-margin businesses like convenience stores and supermarkets,” said Andrew Song, an analyst at Guotai Junan Securities. “In China, manpower costs have been rising relatively quickly.”

However, the futuristic vision of shopping without a checkout person is still in progress. A reporter who visited a BingoBox store in Shanghai was briefly locked in when he was trying to exit without making a purchase. Although a sign near the exit stated that empty-handed customers can leave by scanning a QR code, no QR code was to be found. Repeated calls to the customer service hotline went unanswered.

Another unmanned operation in China, Take Go, only allows one customer in the shop at a time because of technology limitations in using multiple cameras for scanning customers’ faces.

The idea of unmanned stores first caught the world’s attention when the largest US online retailer announced its cashier-less store, which is only available to employees for now. Since then, some technology companies in China, including the e-commerce firm Alibaba Group, have launched their own versions of unmanned stores.

Embedded with technology such as RFID tags, mobile payment systems and facial recognition systems, such stores collect valuable data that give operators a better idea of consumers’ preference and buying habits, which can then be used to optimize the operation and make more efficient inventory decisions. For BingoBox, lower operating costs also mean it can afford to expand its reach to areas with less foot traffic, according to Chen Zilin, the founder and CEO of BingoBox.

1. What makes the BingoBox store look like an ordinary convenience store?

A．Shelves stacked with goods.	B．A lone checkout counter.
C．No cashier to check out.	D．Entering by scanning a QR code.

2. Why are unmanned stores popular with operators?

A．The customers prefer mobile payment systems.

B．The unmanned stores help improve profit with lower labor costs.

C．The employees focus on consumers’ preference and buying habits.

D．The operators care more about operations and inventory decisions.

3. How many cases can show that the unmanned stores need improving?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

4. What can we infer according to Chen Zilin?

A．Nowadays all stores should be equipped with advanced technology.

B．The operators collect data about consumers’ preference and buying habits.

C．BingoBox made wiser decisions based on the data collected in unmanned stores.

D．The operators can open unmanned supermarkets in more remote places with low costs.

6 . For several months, Cara has been working up the courage to approach her mom about what she saw on Instagram. Not long ago, the 11-year-old girl, like all the other kids in this story, discovered that her mom had been posting her photos for much of her life.“I’ve wanted to bring it up.It’s strange to see myself up there, and sometimes there are pictures of myself I don't like,”she said.

Like most other modern kids, Cara grew up in social media. While many kids may not yet have accounts themselves, their parents, schools, sports teams, and other organizations have been organizing online presence for them since birth.The shock of realizing that details about your life have been shared online without your permission or knowledge has become an important experience in the lives of many teenagers. Recently a parenting blogger (博主) wrote in an essay of The Washington Post that despite (尽管)her 14-year-old daughter’s horror of discovering that her mother had shared years of highly personal stories and information about her online, she simply could not stop posting them on her blog and social media. The writer said that promising her daughter that she would stop posting things about her publicly on the Internet “would mean shutting down an important part of myself, which isn't necessarily good for me or her”.

But it’s not just crazy mommy bloggers who construct their children’s online identity; plenty of average parents do the same. There’s even a special word for it: sharenting (晒娃成癖). Almost a quarter of children begin their digital lives when parents upload their photos to the Internet, according to a study conducted by the Internet-security (安全)firm AVG. The study also found that 92 percent of kids under the age of 2 already have their own unique digital identity.

1. How does Cara probably feel about her mom’s behavior?

A．It’s aggressive.	B．It’s appropriate.
C．It’s annoying.	D．It’s favorable.

2. Why did the parenting blogger post things about her daughter online?

A．It filled up her blog.	B．It showed off her success.
C．It recorded her stories.	D．It meant a lot to her.

3. Who are fond of sharenting?

A．A quarter of students.	B．Many ordinary parents.
C．Kids under the age of 2.	D．Some crazy bloggers.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Children’s New Trouble

B．Social Media

C．Kids’ Online Performance

D．Mommy Bloggers

7 . 假定你是李华，目前食品安全问题引起了人们的广泛关注。一些生产厂家为了降低成本、追求利润，减少了必要的安全措施，致使一些劣质食品流入市场，对人们的健康产生了极大的危害。请你就此事给一家英文报社写封信，谈谈个人看法并呼吁整个社会关注此事。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

8 . What does it take to become famous? Talent in singing, dancing or acting? Or _________good looks? These days, it seems like a pretty _________, and a lot of makeup can make anyone a popular star. But, occasionally, an honest smile and a hard-working attitude might take you quite. _________.

Recently, an Tibetan young man named Tashi Dingzhen has gained a lot of online followers. Though his_______to fame has been very much accidental, Dingzhen has since been_____________by both the local tourism department, and the online streaming platform Tencent Video. However, when _________about his own dreams, the 20-year-old said that he wants to be a “horse-racing prince”, a decision which has been ___________by many.

_________ can be fleeting (稍纵即逝的). Every day there are thousands of people on the internet _________the latest trends, behaving in very similar ways, and taking part in the same type of variety shows... all for the________to gain fame and fortune. A few ____________down the line, or perhaps even only a few months later, the majority of these individuals or groups will____________from our memories in the end.

Everyone is born____________. We like different things, have different personalities, and pursue different dreams. That is what makes life so dynamic (有活力的) and __________. Should Dingzhen choose to take Tencent Video's ____________and try to become a celebrity, he might just end up__________ into the background under heavy makeup and uniform dance moves. Of course, it's __________that his fame will fade even faster if he stays home and continues to race horses. But at least then he will be able to follow his __________to do what he wants______________choosing to pursue fame and, in the end, ______________himself. If you were in his shoes, what would you do?

1.

A．completely

B．obviously

C．simply

D．easily

2.

A．face

B．body

C．hair

D．figure

3.

A．happily

B．far

C．successfully

D．directly

4.

A．reach

B．increase

C．entrance

D．rise

5.

A．contacted

B．helped

C．linked

D．called

6.

A．reminded

B．asked

C．talked

D．wrote

7.

A．laughed

B．delighted

C．applauded

D．criticized

8.

A．Money

B．Health

C．Wealth

D．Fame

9.

A．following

B．changing

C．stopping

D．adding

10.

A．choice

B．point

C．chance

D．explanation

11.

A．weeks

B．hours

C．days

D．years

12.

A．exist

B．fade

C．keep

D．hide

13.

A．unique

B．smart

C．talented

D．pretty

14.

A．boring

B．challenging

C．interesting

D．shocking

15.

A．discussion

B．help

C．present

D．offer

16.

A．breaking

B．disappearing

C．putting

D．encouraging

17.

A．possible

B．amazing

C．strange

D．disappointing

18.

A．life

B．heart

C．instruction

D．idea

19.

A．in addition to

B．other than

C．regardless of

D．instead of

20.

A．hurt

B．inspire

C．lose

D．control

9 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Food is important to us human beings. However, some students are seen wasted food in the canteen these day. And now the situation is getting seriously. Saving food was our duty because food doesn’t come easily. We must respect or save food to show our gratefulness. Meanwhile, if we save food, more people in the poor areas can get food eat, which also helps fight against hunger. I also suggest those which waste food should get punish. Only then will they save food and respect their meals from the bottom of our hearts. As far as I’m concerned, we students should form a good habit of saving food. Let’s take the action now!

10 . It was decades ago, but it's still one of the most memorable conversations of my life. On a long, slow train rattling north, with nothing to do but watch the rain, the guy sitting opposite began trying to talk to me. Like most young women who have learned the hard way to be cautious of strangers, I reacted coldly. But curiosity took over when he said that he was just bored, and liked talking.

So that's what we did, for hours and hours, since he turned out to be very talkative. When the train eventually pulled in, we didn't swap numbers—it was a conversation strictly of its time—but I still think about it occasionally on long, boring journeys, before getting a phone out and scrolling silently like everyone else. Rarely can a person cheerfully break the social taboo（禁忌）about talking to strangers without any trace of ill intention but life would be more interesting if more of us knew how to do it

And that's why I feel it ridiculous about a campaign launched this week to heal bitter national divides by encouraging Britons to talk to each other. Obviously, it takes more than a small talk over garden fences to unite a divided nation now. More people live alone than they did a generation ago, and we socialise increasingly through screens instead of bothering to call. In reality, social media platforms designed to bring people together have unknowingly fueled the division.

It is true that the "tube chat" campaign of a few years back failed in its attempt to make Londoners talk to each other on public transport. But even city residents who would normally die rather than make eye contact with strangers still happily join the large crowds of people by the Thames for the New Year's Eve fireworks. They would get a far better view at home on TV—it's not really about the fireworks, but being part of social engagement.

There's no guarantee that this latest attempt to reconnect will succeed, but I hope that my temporary train friend then is still talking, wherever he is now.

1. What led the author to start the talk with the guy on the train?

A．Her growing interest in communication.

B．Her typical easygoing personality

C．Her habit of chatting with strangers.

D．The intention of the train journey.

2. What has made talking to strangers a social taboo among the Britons?

A．A lack of basic communicating skills.

B．The absence of common topics.

C．The concern for personal safety.

D．The addiction to social media

3. How does technology affect people's mutual connection?

A．It is bringing people together in a larger sense.

B．It is positively helping break the national boundaries.

C．It has made people more divided than connected.

D．It is the key driving force of removing divisions.

4. What does the highly-attended firework show indicate?

A．Tube chat campaign can never make it.

B．TV programs at home are not appealing.

C．The charm of the fireworks is hard to resist.

D．People's desire to connect is still alive.