If you are new to running, here is some advice for you. It is important     1     (warm)up and cool down properly before and after running, so you do not hurt yourself. A warm-up     2    (prepare) your body before you exercise. After a long run, you should jog     3     (slow)for ten minutes, then walk for five minutes. Such kind of warm-down relaxes your body after exercise.

There’s just a 1-in-3,700,000 chance that a person will be killed by     1     shark, but the fear is still enough to have swimmers worrying about     2     (be) seen as prey (捕获物). Now, new research supports the long-standing theory     3     when great whites go in for a bite, it’s a case of “mistaken identity”.

A team of biologists     4     (compare) videos of seals swimming with those of humans swimming. They then edited the clips to simulate a great white’s vision and found that from the ocean inhabitant’s point     5     view, humans do indeed have a strong resemblance to seals.

“Usually, great white sharks     6     (regard) as ‘mindless killers’ and fond of human flesh. However, this does not seem to be the case; we just look like     7     (they) food,” Laura Ryan, lead author of the study, told Live Science.

“They eat seals every day and bites on people are     8     (extreme) rare,” said Catherine MacDonald, a marine scientist at the University of Miami. “So if they’re not solving the problem visually, then how do we think they’re solving it?     9     (hit) the right targets, sharks could be relying on other senses, like the scent. If that’s the case,     10     (addition) studies on how great whites use those senses could help prevent further attacks.”

Some unusual words describe how a person spends his or her time. For example, someone who likes to spend a lot of time sitting or lying down while watching television is sometimes called a couch potato. A couch is a piece of furniture for people to sit on.

Couch potatoes enjoy watching television just     1    mouse potatoes enjoy working on computers. A computer mouse is the device that     2    (move) the pointer     3    a computer screen. The     4     (describe) of mouse potatoes became popular in 1993. American writer Alice Kahn is said to have invented the term to describe young people who use computers a lot.

Too much time inside the house using a computer or watching television can cause someone     5    (get) cabin fever. A cabin is a simple house usually     6    build) far away from the city. People go to a cabin to relax and enjoy quiet time.

Cabin fever is not really     7    disease. However, people can feel     8    ( bore) if they spend too much time inside their homes. This is     9    (especial) true during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go out to play. So do     10    (they) parents.

People today take lots of photos. Some photographs are really memorable. They either capture important events, such as birthday parties or weddings,    1     show beautiful places. Years later, people may look at these special photos to remember     2     past.

However, how did people record important moments without cameras long ago? Some people told     3     (story) about old times, and others wrote down     4     they remembered. There were also a lot of people     5     (make) special drawings to help them recall important moments. Among those people were Native Americans of the Lakota tribe.

Every year, Lakota leaders decided which event was most important. A Lakota     6     (art) was then asked to draw a special picture of that event. Because each year’s picture was decided on during the winter, the drawings became     7     (know) as winter counts.

For a long time, winter counts were drawn on animal skins. Later, the drawings     8     (do) on paper. The pictures told the history of the tribe. Each year, the newest winter count was added     9     the Lakota collection of pictures from     10     (early) times. That helped people keep track of the years. Today, winter counts are important records of the Lakota’s past.

Today, the most popular martial arts in the world are from Asia. Many martial arts     1     (invent) because people needed to defend themselves or protect others. Nowadays, people learn martial arts as a way of     2     (keep) fit or as a competitive sport, but they are still very useful for self­defence.

Some martial arts are called hard     3     others are called soft. Soft martial arts, such as tai chi, teach you to use your opponent’s own force to defend     4     (you). These martial arts are soft for the defender but not for the attacker! On the other hand, hard styles, such as kung fu, teach you to defend yourself using force. Hard martial arts techniques are     5     (effect) if you are more skillful, more powerful and faster than your opponent.

Did you know that Japan’s karate is     6     (relate) to Chinese kung fu? In the 14^th century, when the Chinese migrants from Fujian     7     (settle) in what was then the kingdom of Okinawa, the local youths started learning kung fu from them.

In fact, Chinese influence in martial arts was not limited     8     kung fu. During the Japanese invasion of Korea in the 16^th century, the Korean army adopted a training method from a chinese military manual     9     (call) Ji Xiao Xin Shu, whose author was the Chinese general Qi Jiguang,     10     had himself defeated Japanese pirates.