1 . On Dec.9, 2021, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, who are working abroad the Tiangong space station, showed millions of students their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it
The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity. But in space, our bones and muscles (肌肉) don’t need to sustain our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. NASA says that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous because they will be too weak to work.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands (弹力带) inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch the bands. This keeps their muscles strong.
________
During another experiment, Wang made a water film (膜). Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth. Why?
We need to first understand the surface tension (表面张力) of water. It is like a “skin” of water. The “skin”is there because water molecules (分子) are drawn to each other. Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the “skin”. But with zero gravity in space, the “skin” stays strong and the water ball will not break.
Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags.
1. What can we learn about the lecture from space?| A．It is a part of the astronauts’ daily work. | B．It took place in the International Space Station. |
| C．It is one of the astronauts’ ways to ask for help. | D．It took place 400 kilometers above Earth. |
| A．astronauts | B．muscles | C．bones | D．bodies |
| A．Space water is valuable | B．Space water is different |
| C．Space water is important | D．Space water is interesting |
| A．To raise people’s interest in space exploration. |
| B．To explain the importance of space experiments. |
| C．To ask readers to do more science experiments. |
| D．To introduce the space lecture given by Chinese astronauts. |
2 . Chinese President Xi Jinping presents China’s top science award to Huang Xuhua and Zeng Qingcun in Beijing, capital of China, Jan, 10th 2020. The following is some basic information about the 2 winners.
| Huang Xuhua, born in 1924 in Guangdong province. Graduated from Jiaotong University in 1949. Served in ship building industry. Known as the father of China’s own nuclear submarine （核潜艇）. | |
| Zeng Qingcun, born in 1935 in Guangdong province. Graduated from Peking University, in 1956, and went to Soviet Union for further study. Served as a meteorologist （气象学家）. Solved many problems in predicting weather. |
| A．1949. | B．1956 | C．2020 | D．2021 |
| A．Both awarded scientists are from Guangdong province, and Huang is younger than Zeng. |
| B．Zeng Qingcun went to the Student Union for further study, and became a meteorologist. |
| C．Huang Xuhua worked in the ship building industry and designed China’s first nuclear submarine. |
| D．Zeng Qingcun Graduated from Jiaotong University in 1949. |
| A．A newspaper. | B．A tour guide. | C．A story book. | D．A note book. |
3 . Scientists in Britain and the United States have made a new kind of enzyme(酵素) that eats plastics (塑料). With its help, plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly. Scientists believe that, in the future, it could solve the problem of plastic pollution.
The enzyme is able to break down PET, a form of plastic. PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles. It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water. So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from PET and other plastics.
The researchers made the discovery while examining the structure(结构) of a natural enzyme in Japan. They found that the natural enzyme was helping to break down PET plastics. So, they decided to make small changes to the enzyme by adding some amino acids(氨基酸). It made the natural enzyme’s plastic-eating abilities work faster and better.
John McGeehan, one of the lead researchers, said, “We’ve made an improved enzyme. It’s better than the natural one. And we are trying to make more improvements to it.” He went on, “The enzyme is not harmful to humans or animals, and it is friendly to the environment. So we are considering putting it into wider use.”
The team is now trying to make the enzyme break down PET in large quantities(大量的). “We’ll see that the plastic pollution may be stopped with this technology. However, there is still a long way to go,” John McGeehan added.
1. According to the scientists, the enzyme may solve the problem of ________ pollution.| A．air | B．water | C．light | D．plastic |
| A．in Britain | B．in America | C．in Japan | D．in China |
| A．The scientists are still trying to improve the enzyme. |
| B．The enzyme will pollute large areas of land and water. |
| C．The natural enzyme works better than the improved one. |
| D．The natural enzyme is harmful to humans and animals. |
It’s very important for everyone to sleep. We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping. So we should pay more attention to the quality of sleeping. However, a lot of people have trouble in sleeping. Some people even take sleeping pills to help them sleep better. In fact, taking sleeping pills is very dangerous. That’ s because sleeping pills are habit-forming(上瘾的). If you take them for several weeks, you will find it hard for you to stop taking them. Then, what should you do if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep?
Doctors say that the best thing to do is to get out of bad habits. In other words, you can’t stay up too late at night and you should get up earlier in the morning. However, you may still have trouble sleeping if you have problems or something else on your mind. Then it’s time for you to do some exercise to relax your tense muscles(紧绷的肌肉). If relaxing your body can’t help you, try to write down your worries on your mind. If you like listening to music, you can choose some music that is quiet and gentle. Be sure not to choose some music which is too loud, or you may get so excited that you can’t fall asleep.
Remember, choosing proper ways can help you sleep better.
1. Is it safe to take sleeping pills?2. How long do people sleep in their lives?
3. What can you do if relaxing your body can’t help you sleep better?
4. Do you think that getting up early is good for your sleep? Why or why not?
5 . Here are five suggestions you can follow to improve your English, and the first one is the most important.
It’s Your Duty to Achieve Your Aims! Studying English is your own duty. It isn’t the duty of your English teacher or your parents. You must take an active part in your study! |
Get a Teacher or Attend a Class! It’s a little difficult to study English alone. It will be difficult to learn how to speak English if you don’t have an English teacher or someone else to talk with. |
Work Hard! You need to practice speaking English often. You should finish all of your homework, improve your vocabulary outside class and check the homework in time. |
Keep Studying! Don’t stop studying for a long time even during a summer holiday! To make great progress, you should study at least five hours each week. |
Make English Your Hobby and Have Fun! You can improve your English through some activities: Reading—choose English books that you want to read. English songs—choose your favorite English songs and sing them often. Movies—watch movies that are in English with subtitles in your language. Travel—traveling in English-speaking countries can help you with you English. |
| A．Suggestion 1 | B．Suggestion 2 | C．Suggestion 4 | D．Suggestion 5 |
| A．about two hours | B．less than four hours | C．at least five hours | D．at most five hours |
| A．情节 | B．字幕 | C．画面 | D．人物 |
| A．Reading English books. | B．Singing English songs. |
| C．Watching English movies. | D．Writing emails in English. |
| A．how to improve English | B．how to choose good English books |
| C．how to study English for pleasure | D．how to sing English songs well |
We are often told to pay attention to what our mothers tell us. Scientists have found that our brains greatly prefer the voices of our own mothers.
Scientists at Stanford University recently studied this. They scanned (扫描) children’s brains while they were listening to different sounds, including their mothers’ voices. They found that 97 percent of the time, children could recognize (识别) their mothers’ voices at once.
Hearing their mothers’ voices makes children’s brains more active. We usually just use one part of our brains to deal with sounds when we hear something. But when we hear our mothers’ voices, many parts of the brain start to work as well.
Why do we reply so strongly to our mothers’ voices? On one hand, when we are still in the womb (子宫) before we’re born, we hear our mothers talking. This makes us feel comfortable. On the other hand, mothers teach us talk and social skills by repeating words again and again. This way, when mother’s sound is heard again, more attention is paid to it.
Some sounds are necessary for our life and they bring us pleasure. But mothers’ voices are different and they make us feel comfortable. We will feel very relaxed when we hear our own mothers’ voices.
1、2 题完成句子； 3题简略回答问题；4 题找出并写下全文的主题句；5 题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1. Scientists have found 97 percent of the time, children could
2. Mothers’ voices make children’s brains
3. How many reasons are listed for why we reply strongly to our mothers’ voices?
4.
5.
7 . Many people often spend hours watching videos on their phones before sleep, with the lights off. However, do you know that using your phone in the dark is not a very good idea? The screen of your phone sends out blue light, which is quite harmful to your eyes. It can also be hard for you to go asleep.
What is blue light? Blue light is everywhere. It is sent out both by artificial（人造的）light and by our biggest light—the sun! Blue light is the part of visible（可见的）light which has the second shortest wavelength. Light with shorter wavelengths have greater power. The strong energy of blue light allows it to pass easily through the cornea（角膜）of our eyes. Therefore, blue light is quite harmful to our eyes.
However, blue light isn’t all that bad. After all, it is a part of sunlight. In fact, it can help to improve our sleep. The problem, however, lies in the bright screen lights we stare at each night. In other words, the problem isn’t exactly the exposure（暴露）to blue light, but the time of our exposure to it.
Some scientists studied the difference between reading a paper book and an e-book before bedtime. They found that it took longer for people who used an e-reader to fall asleep. These people were also less smart in the following morning.
So, to protect the quality of your sleep, avoid screens an hour or two before your bedtime. If you must use your phone before going to bed, keep a night lamp on.
1. Which of the following is harmful to your eyes according to the first paragraph?| A．Sleeping with the lights on. |
| B．Using the phones with the lights off in the dark. |
| C．Watching videos on your phones with the lights on. |
| A．The sun. | B．The eyes. | C．The paper books. |
| A．Because it is artificial light. |
| B．Because it is too weak to pass easily. |
| C．Because it can go through the eye cornea easily. |
| A．Blue light affects our lives. |
| B．Don’t use your phone or watch TV at night. |
| C．Don’t spend too much time on the bright screen. |
| A．Exposure to blue light can surely make you seriously sick. |
| B．Light with shorter wavelengths are usually more powerful. |
| C．Reading a paper book for too long may cause sleep problems. |
8 . All dreaming starts with sleep. When we sleep there are four stages（阶段）that we go through.
Stage One is the lightest stage of sleep. In this stage of sleep someone can be awakened by low sounds or slight touch. Stage One sleep happens through-out the night. It often reappears as a transitional state of sleep following arousal（刺激）during the night. When Stage One does reappear during sleep, it only lasts thirty seconds to one minute. Young adults spend ten to fifteen minutes a night in Stage One sleep.
Stage Two sleep may have some of the slower eye movement Stage One, but in general Stage Two sleep is free of any eye movement. Another feature of stage two is arousal. Since Stage Two is a deeper sleep than Stage One, it will take more arousal to awaken a person from this stage of sleep.
Stage Three sleep as well as Stage Four is usually referred to as a slow wave sleep, which basically means a slow frequency（频率）of brain thought. There are no visual eye movements in this stage. Again in Stage Three it takes even more arousal then Stage Two sleep, to awaken a person from this state of sleep. Most of the dreams remembered take place during stage Three Sleep.
Stage Four sleep is the deepest of sleep. This is where the body and mind gets the most rest. Brain frequencies increase slightly in Stage Four sleep. In this stage of sleep people begin their dreams. When a person is dreaming you can visually tell by the movement of the eyes. Scientist measure deep sleep by “R. E. M.” which simply means “rapid eye movement”. What they measure is the amount of time your eye moves in Stage Four sleep and also brain activity along with frequency. Once again much more arousal is needed to awaken a stage four sleeper.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1. How long does Stage one sleep last for young adults?
| A．About a minute. | B．About a quarter. |
| C．About an hour. | D．About a night. |
| A．Eyes don’t move in stage 2 sleep. |
| B．Stage 1 sleep is lighter than stage 2 sleep. |
| C．Stage 3 sleep is referred to as a slow wave sleep. |
| D．Stage 4 sleep is the deepest of sleep. |
| A．Stage 1 sleep. | B．Stage 2 sleep. |
| C．Stage 3 sleep. | D．Stage 4 sleep. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
| A．What does dreaming start with. |
| B．What your dreams are telling you. |
| C．What stages of sleep we go through. |
| D．What kinds of dreams do we have. |
Because of a sudden rise of COVID-19 cases in several Chinese cities, our country is making COVID-19 antigen test kits (抗原检测试剂盒) for self-testing, which can save people’s much time, CGIN reported. They are made by local companies, the kits can be bought in stores and online.
Antigen tests are different from the nucleic acid tests (核酸检测) . “Antigen is like the clothes of the virus (病毒), while nucleic acid is the gene (基因) of the vrinus,” said Zhang Wenhong. The antigen tests are useful because they produce results faster, in about 15 minutes, and don’t require a lab. People can use them in their own homes at their convenience. “But they aren’t accurate (准确的), especially in the early period of infection, the amount of virus can be very low. The nucleic acid test can detect (检测) it but an antigen test cannot.” Zhang said.
According to the National Health Commission, if people who are tested positive (呈阳性) with the antigen kits, they will be treated as COVID-19 cases. They will need to undergo centralized quarantine (隔离) and have regular nucleic acid tests properly, reported China Daily. “At this time, China is sticking to its zero-COVID policy. It is hoped that the tests will help to find people who carry the virus more rapidly so that we can control it earlier,” said Zhang.
1. Antigen test kits are used to ________.| A．increase test costs | B．speed up testing | C．make the test more comfortable |
| A．people who can use antigen test kits |
| B．what people who are tested positive will do |
| C．the difference between antigen tests and nucleic acid tests |
| A．封控 | B．防范 | C．感染 |
| A．COVID-19 cases can only be confirmed (确认) by nucleic acid tests |
| B．a positive result from a nucleic acid test might not be COVID-19 |
| C．positive cases from antigen tests will receive proper tests |
| A．to avoid the spread of the virus |
| B．to study the COVID-19 cases |
| C．to improve China’s relationship with the world |
Hello, I’m Bing Dwen Dwen, the official mascot (吉祥物) of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. I’d like to introduce some of the sports in the games!
| Alpine skiing (高山滑雪) is one of the most physically demanding sports in the Winter Olympics. Athlete usually reach speeds of around 152 km/h to finish the difficult tasks. Freestyle skiing (自由式滑雪) is developed on the basis of alpine skiing. And Gu Ailing is a talented free skier. |
| Curling (冰壶) is called “chess” on the ice. It started from the 1998 Winter Olympics in Japan. In curling, teams use specially designed brushes and shoes to slide (使……滑行) stones towards a target. It shows the beauty of movement, and the wisdom of choice. |
| Figure skating (花样滑冰), which made its first appearance at the London 1908 Summer Olympics. Lots of people like this sport because it’s mix of art and sport. Chinese pair Sui Wenjing and Han Cong won the gold medal of figure skating in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. |
| A．Figure skating. | B．Freestyle skiing. | C．Curling. |
| A．Specially designed brushes. | B．Specially designed shoes. | C．Specially designed table. |
| A．In 2022. | B．In 1908. | C．In 1998. |
| A．Sui Wenjing and Han Cong. | B．Gu Ailing. | C．Wu Dajing. |
| A．Athletes usually reach speeds of around 52 km/h in Alpine skiing. |
| B．People like Figure skating because it’s a mix of art and sport. |
| C．Chess shows the beauty of movement, and the wisdom of choice. |
