1 . Mars (火星) is a planet (行星). It is the fourth planet from the sun and is more than 200,000,000 kilometers from it. That is a very long way. Mars is also a very long way away from Earth but sometimes you can see it clearly at night. Most stars are white. But Mars is a little red. It is a very big planet. It is about half the size of Earth. The planet Earth has one moon. Mars has two moons. They are called Phobos and Deimos.
Long ago, the only way to study Mars was just to look at it. People with good eyes could see some things but not everything. Later on, it was easier, because scientists had telescopes (望远镜). They could see Mars come clearly. They learnt much more about Mars this way. In the twentieth century (世纪) things got even better. First of all, we had spacecraft. They flew close to Mars and sent back information. Then, they sent spacecraft to fly around Mars. Finally, spacecraft landed (着陆) on Mars.
Maybe one day a man will walk on Mars.
根据短文内容完成以下任务。
1. 回答问题：How far is Mars from the sun?
2. 回答问题：What color is Mars?
3. 完成句子：
4. 完成句子：The article mainly talks about
5. 请选出划线单词spacecraft 的汉语意思。________（填字母代号）
| A．宇宙飞船 | B．望远镜 | C．潜艇 |
2 . China’s Chang’e 5 mission is the most recent successful lunar sample return mission. On Dec 17, the Chang’e 5 lunar probe（探测器）returned home along with 1.7 kg of lunar rocks and soil.
The main goal of Chang’e 5 was to bring things back. And China’s new samples stand for a fresh start for its lunar research and space exploration.
The samples were collected at Mons Rumker, also known as the Ocean of Storms. The site has never been sampled（取样）before. Samples that were taken by the US previously（以前）are all more than three billion years old, while the Chang’e 5 samples are less than two billion years old. Scientists are now able to study late-stage（后期）volcanic（火山的）activity on the moon. This activity shaped the younger parts of the rocky moon we see today, according to Long Xiao, a scientist at the China University of Geosciences.
The moon’s volcanic history is not the only mystery that Chang’e 5 is going to solve. The mission could also help scientists learn more about the history of the whole solar system（太阳系）. Scientists will check the amount of radioisotopes（同位素）in the samples to accurately（精确地）date（确定年代）them-the radioisotopes decay（衰减）over time.
Dating lunar samples will give us more accurate ages not only for the moon, but also for other planets in the solar system. These planets are often dated by comparing them to similarly aged areas of the moon.
1. What did China’s Chang’e 5 lunar probe bring back?| A．1.7 kg of lunar rocks and soil. | B．1.7 kg of lunar rocks. |
| C．1.7 kg of lunar soil. | D．1.7 kg of lunar water. |
| A．A new start of space travel. | B．A great success. |
| C．A start for its lunar research and space exploration. | D．A victory of getting the new samples. |
| A．At the Mars. | B．At the Ocean of Storms. |
| C．Behind the Mons Rumker. | D．Behind the Ocean of Storms. |
| A．The moon’s volcanic history. | B．The history of the whole solar system. |
| C．The history of the Earth. | D．The moon’s volcanic history and the history of the whole solar system. |
| A．give us more accurate ages for the moon |
| B．give us more accurate ages for other planets in the solar system |
| C．give us more accurate ages both for the moon and for other planets |
| D．give us more accurate ages for the Earth |
3 . Thousands of years ago, Chinese poet Qu Yuan wrote the poem Tianwen, meaning quest for heavenly truth. Inspired by the great poet, China has named its upcoming series of planetary exploration missions(任务)
The first step for the Tianwen series is to
Mars has been a popular target for space exploration. Countries like the US and Russia have been exploring it
This is partly because Mars is relatively(相对地) close to Earth
There have been 56 Mars missions so far, of which 26 have been
| A．by | B．under | C．after | D．to |
| A．land | B．launch | C．fly | D．set |
| A．expected | B．wished | C．required | D．invited |
| A．pick | B．dig | C．bury | D．collect |
| A．since | B．in | C．on | D．during |
| A．referred to | B．connected to | C．thanks to | D．compared to |
| A．soil | B．air | C．environment | D．temperature |
| A．look for | B．look up | C．look through | D．look into |
| A．joyful | B．successful | C．peaceful | D．cheerful |
| A．broke | B．dropped | C．failed | D．fell |
Say hello to Changesite-（Y）— the sixth new lunar mineral（月球矿物）!
Chinese scientists found it in moon samples（样品）brought back by the Chang’e 5 lunar probe in December 2020. It has become the first lunar mineral found by Chinese scientists, making China the third nation in the world, after the United States and Russia, to have achieved such a success, reported China Daily.
Changesite-（Y）looks crystal（晶莹的）clear like a diamond. But its chemical content is different from any other known mineral.（A）It has a high level of rare earth（稀土）, reported China Science Daily. Li Ziying, chief scientist of the lunar sample research, said that the finding of this new mineral will help researchers study the history and physical traits（特征）of the moon. The value of the rare earth in（B）it will also be studied.
（C）Besides the new mineral, scientists also measured the content（含量）of helium-3（氦-3）from the Chang’e 5 samples. Helium-3 is a valuable fuel（燃料）that can provide safer nuclear energy（核能）. It is not radioactive（放射性的）and would not produce dangerous waste. On Earth, we have only 15 to 20 tons of helium-3 that can be used. But after studying the moon’s soil, scientists said there could be at least 1 million tons of helium-3 on the moon. That’s enough for all people on Earth to have clean energy for 10,000 years!
1. 把文中（A）处画线句子翻译成汉语。2. 写出（B）处画线单词指代的内容。
3. 把文中（C）处画线句子翻译成汉语。
4. 找出文中提到的地球和月球上可被利用的 Helium-3 的含量。
5. 简要概括本文大意（短语和句子均可）。
5 . It’s 2050. The Earth is dying, and moving to Mars seems to be the only way out for humans. A team of American astronauts begin to search on Mars. This is what the movie Red Planet begins with. Known as the Red Planet, Mars is the favorite of writers and filmmakers. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the next planet beyond the Earth. Mars is the only planet whose surface can be seen from the Earth. It is about half size of our planet.
The surface of Mars is more like the Earth than any other planet. But it is further from the Sun than the Earth, so temperatures on Mars are much lower. Plants and animals can not live now on Mars. But many scientists still believe that life may have been on Mars long ago. On 6th August,1996, scientists discovered a piece of rock from Mars, which fell to the Earth 13,000 years ago. Ten years later, some scientists still didn’t accept that there was life on Mars. People may not be sure about life on Mars until a sample(样本) of life is brought back. Some further researches are being done in many countries.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. Why is the movie Red Planer mentioned?
| A．To introduce the topic. | B．To advise readers to go to Mars. |
| C．To compare Mars with the Earth. | D．To tell stories about American astronauts. |
| A．Mars is as big as the Earth in size. |
| B．Mars is the fourth planet from the Earth. |
| C．The surface of Mars is similar to that of the Earth. |
| D．Mars is one of the planets whose surfaces can be seen from the Earth. |
| A．it is too soft | B．it is too far | C．it is too small. | D．it is too cold |
| A．Some plants. | B．Some animals. | C．A piece of rock. | D．Some water. |
| A．a sample of life is brought back | B．a film on Mars is made |
| C．astronauts land on Mars | D．scientists move to Mars |
6 . People around the word felt excited on the night of April 10, 2019. For the first time in history, people saw a photo of a black hole. The photo became popular at once. But do you know it has something to do with a computer scientist Katie Bouman. Without her, there won’t be this photo.
Black holes are very far from us, so it is very difficult to take photos of them. It’s like taking a photo of an orange that is on the moon. Many scientists had tried. However, none of them succeeded.
These failures didn’t stop Bouman from trying. Several years ago, she started working on a special computer program. During the part years, she has improved the program many times. Finally, it turned telescope data (望远镜数据) into a photo of a black hole.
Bouman has received lots of praise because of her work. The young woman, however, is modest. She said the success mainly depends on her team. “None of us could do it alone,” she said.
Would you like to make history as Bouman did? Set a goal for yourself and work hard at it. Maybe you will make it come true in the future.
1. When people saw a photo of a black hole for the first time, they felt very ________.| A．sad | B．excited | C．surprised | D．calm |
| A．Because it is too big for us. | B．Because it is too far from us. |
| C．Because it is too dark to see. | D．Because it is as small as an orange. |
| A．By taking a photo of an orange carefully. |
| B．By working on a special computer program. |
| C．By turning telescope data into a photo of a black hole. |
| D．By using more advanced cameras with the help of others. |
| A．A surprising photo | B．A great photo of a black hole |
| C．Make your dream come true | D．A photo of a black hole and Katie Bouman |
What has many rings but is not a shopping mall? It is Saturn (土星). Its rings look really beautiful! But unluckily, they will disappear within 300 million years because of “ring rain”. Saturn’s rings are made of ice and rocks. The gravity (重力) pulls these things and makes them fall down to the planet. About 600,000kg of these things fall every minute! They could fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool in half an hour. Scientists don’t have an answer how the rings came out. Some think that large comets (彗星) hit Saturn’s moons. The moons then broke up into pieces and became the rings. Others think the rings are just part of Saturn. Saturn has seven main rings. They are different in size and width. E ring is the farthest from Saturn. It is the largest planet ring in our solar system(太阳系).
1. How many main rings does Saturn have?| A．300 | B．600,000 | C．7 | D．300 |
| A．The gravity. | B．Large comets. | C．The moons. | D．The solar system. |
| A．No, they aren’t. | B．Yes, they are. | C．The same. | D．Different. |
| A．出现 | B．消失 | C．增加 | D．减少 |
8 . How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clear night you can see the moon, some planets, and thousands of sparking（闪烁的）stars.
You can see even more with a telescope. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more detail.
But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We won’t see them with the biggest telescope（望远镜）in the world on the clearest night of the year. That’s because they’re invisible. They’re the mysterious dead stars called black holes.
You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly and giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn’t seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
As a star’s gases（气体）burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gases run out, the star stops burning and begins to die.
So next time you look up at the night sky, remember: there’s more in the sky than we can see!
根据短文内容选择最佳答案
1. The underlined word “invisible” in the passage means“________”in Chinese.
| A．听不见的 | B．看不见的 | C．摸不着的 |
| A．a planet | B．a sky | C．a star |
| A．give off heat | B．get weak | C．run out |
| A．The sun certainly seems to be getting old and weak. |
| B．We might see that some stars that look white are really red and blue with a telescope. |
| C．We might see that many stars look larger than others with a telescope |
| A．How stars burn out | B．What dead stars are | C．How we can see more stars |
9 . Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live in space? The most important thing to remember about living in space is that there is no gravity. That means astronauts can’t do a lot of things that you do easily in your daily life. For example, astronauts can’t pour themselves a cup of juice the way you can. Why? Because gravity makes the juice pour from the bottle into your cup. Astronauts can’t rely(依靠) on gravity. Astronauts can’t lie on beds and sleep the way you do because gravity is what holds you to your bed.
So how do astronauts live in space? Eating in space is like eating on earth in some ways. Food like rice and mashed(糊状的) potatoes sticks to spoons, so it doesn’t float away. Other foods come in cans or packages(盒). So they don’t float away, either.
There is no gravity in space, so astronauts do not have to sleep on beds or the floor. They can sleep anywhere they want, and they can sleep in any position they want. They usually use sleeping bags. They simply tie their sleeping bags to a wall, or a bed. That way, they don’t float around and bump(撞) into things while they are sleeping.
Astronauts are very busy people. They have jobs to do, and they work very hard. But they also need to relax sometimes. Astronauts usually get to talk to their families on a video call once a week. They also get to stay in touch by email. Astronauts can bring chess and other games with them. Some even bring musical instruments. Astronauts also watch movies and news programmes. Sometimes they talk to schools and news reporters, too. Astronauts may have a lot of work to do, but they also find time for fun.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
1. What’s the most important thing to remember about living in space?
2. Why doesn’t food like rice and mashed potatoes float away?
3. What do astronauts usually use when they sleep?
4. How often do astronauts usually get to talk to their families?
5. What do you think of the life in space?
From the moon to Mars, scientists have been looking for water — the key to life — in the solar system for many years. Recently, they have turned to Jupiter(木星)!
Jupiter is a gas giant(巨星). It doesn’t have an Earth-like surface. We can see strips(条纹) around it. They are actually cold, windy clouds.
On April 14, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) JUICE spacecraft successfully lifted off from French Guiana in South America. JUICE, short for “Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer”, will collect data(数据) from Jupiter and its three moons, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.
The three moons are believed to have big oceans of liquid water(液态水) under their icy shells(壳). According to ESA, he water on those moons could be six times as much as the amount in Earth’s oceans. The mission “will change our understanding of the solar system”, wrote Scientific American.
In 1998, NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found that Europa might be ejecting(喷射) water as far as 160 kilometers into space. That gave scientists the idea of studying the icy moons of Jupiter.
The oceans under these moons are likely to be tens of kilometers deep. But they are also trapped under tens of kilometers of ice, making it very difficult to study them. Although JUICE cannot land on the surface, it has lots of high-tech equipment to study the moon’s environment, including spectral imaging(光谱成像) tools and radar(雷达). They could give more data on things like the thickness of the oceans, their salt content(含量), and their distance from the icy shells above, reported Phys.org.
“The main goal is to understand whether there are habitable (可居住的) environments among those icy moons and around a giant planet like Jupiter,” JUICE team member Olivier Witasse said during a press conference (发布会) on April 6.
1. What do we know about JUICE?| A．It will become one of Jupiter’s moons. | B．It will collect data from Jupiter and its moons. |
| C．It got its name from how it looks. | D．It left for Jupiter from the US. |
| A．be six times as much as the amount in Earth’s oceans | B．be common to see on other planets |
| C．have been ejected from the planet into space | D．mainly come from the planet’s icy shells |
| A．lost | B．caught | C．kept | D．taken |
| A．It can land and collect samples on the ground. |
| B．It can get information about the oceans by radar. |
| C．It can get water samples from deep under the icy shell. |
| D．It can break the ice on Jupiter’s moons. |
| A．To test ways of keeping water on Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. |
| B．To find out if Jupiter has living things similar to human beings. |
| C．To figure out if it is possible for life to live on some moons. |
| D．To move water from Earth to moons like Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. |
