1 . I've been really lucky this year. Not only did I have the opportunity to live in France, but 1 was able to see some other countries with my girlfriend. Now she is studying in Essen, a large city in Western Germany. I recently went to stay with her----it was my first visit to Germany! Essen is a very large city. It has all the conveniences of any large city so I felt immediately at home. I love the variety of shops, restaurants, shopping malls, cocktail bars, nightclubs, parks and even a lake. There is also a city-wide network of trams（有轨电车）, which makes getting around a piece of cake!...
I found the people to be really friendly, and most Germans speak very good English, which made life easy for me. I was surprised by the casual attitude to alcohol in Germany, where it seems normal for people to drink beer on the street or on the tram. My girlfriend and I visited two famous local cities. Dusseldorf and Cologne, which are both on the Rhine River. Dusseldorf is an urban metropolis with a great variety of restaurants. We took a boat tour on the river and went up the Rhine tower, a really tall building which offers great views across the city. Cologne, as you might know, is world famous for its perfumes. The cathedral（大教堂）there is an unmissable landmark. We made the effort to climb to the top of one of the cathedrals tower, The spiral（螺旋的）stairs seemed endless. but it was worthwhile for the impressive sights from the top.
We also went in a cable car over the river and tasted a German delicacy called "Spaghettieis” which is ice cream with strawberry sauce! I also got to try the famous German sausage. I must admit, I really enjoyed the food! The only disappointment was the grey and rainy weather, which proves that Britain does not have the worst weather in Europe!
1. Why did the writer feel lucky this year?| A．He will have a chance to live in Germany. |
| B．He met his girlfriend in France by chance. |
| C．He got an opportunity of learning in Germany. |
| D．He was able to live in France and visit other countries. |
| A．They are both famous for unique perfumes. |
| B．They both serve traditional German sausage. |
| C．They both have many towers with a long history. |
| D．The both offer wonderful views from the tower top. |
| A．Britain |
| B．Italy |
| C．Germany |
| D．France |
| A．Mt first visit to Germany |
| B．A Brief Introduction of Germany |
| C．A Guide to the Germany |
| D．An Unforgettable Trip |
2 . Instagram is containing so many photos of food — now a pop-up diner in London is taking advantage of this new trend by letting people settle the bill for their meals simply by uploading photos of their dishes to social networks.
I always thought people's taking pictures of their food was kind of silly, but at this new pop-up restaurant in the UK, I'd probably do it too. 'The Picture House' is the world's first pay-by-photo restaurant—you order, click a photo of the food, share on Instagram and eat for free!
The restaurant belongs to frozen food giant (巨人) Birds Eye, who came up with the idea to cash in on people's addiction to photographing food and sharing the pictures online. They conducted a survey and found that more than half of the British population regularly took pictures of their meals. So they realized it was a better way to advertise their new dining range.
The pop-up diner was open in Soho, London for three days in May, and is now moving to other major UK cities. They serve two-course meals that customers don't have to pay for, if they photo and Instagram it.
The restaurant is a part of Birds Eye's 'Food for Life' campaign(活动), a new marketing project that aims at changing the way people look at frozen food. "Taking photos of food enables people to show off and to share their mealtime moments—from the everyday to the special," said marketing director Margaret Jobling.
The reaction to The Picture House has been great so far. And the pay-by-picture concept has proven to be an effective way.
1. Instagram probably is ____.| A．a restaurant free of charge | B．a new marketing project |
| C．a project used to share photos | D．a campaign of “Food for Life” |
| A．attract more customers | B．raise the price of frozen food |
| C．create a new social media trend | D．reward the regular customers |
| A．negative | B．neutral (中立的) |
| C．positive | D．angry |
| A．No Need to Pay. | B．The Pop-up Diner. |
| C．Food for Life. | D．Pay by Picture. |
3 . Cao Zhawa has been planting trees for most of his life. He lives and works in the heart of Mu Us Sandyland, an area in the southwest part of Inner Mongolia.
In 1958, when he was just 16 years old, Cao started planting trees. Cao’s trees now cover an area of more than 1.3 million square meters. Cao’s forest is worth an estimated 10 million yuan and can produce 100,000 kilograms oxygen, enough to sustain a full-grown adult for nearly a year.
Mu Us Sandyland is one of the places in China most affected by erosion(侵蚀) and desertification. The amount of annual rainfall ranges from 150 to 300 millimeters, while evaporation(蒸发) between 2,000 and 3,000 millimeters. Cao recalls that his growing-up was troubled by sandstorms. This was one of the factors that motivated Cao to join and stay on the tree-planting program.
Popularly known as the “Green Great Wall”, the project, which is set for completion in 2050, would be a 4, 800-kilometer greenbelt of trees and shrubs(灌木) protecting the area from strong winds and preventing soil erosion. Since the start of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, millions of people have joined in and become a vital part of the plan.
However, the tree-planters face a host of challenges, with watering the most difficult among them. “When I was young, the level of groundwater was high,” said Cao, “But with less rain, the trees are hard to plant and keep alive.”
Planting trees has also become harder for Cao as he ages. However, he doesn’t want to leave the forest in the care of his children, and he insists the land belongs to the government. “When I die, I just want to be buried under the trees,” Cao said. “Then I will be with them forever.”
1. By listing the figures in Paragraph 2, the author wants to ________.| A．show Cao has had a hard life | B．praise Cao for his contribution |
| C．tell us how much oxygen an adult needs | D．make it clear that Cao has made a fortune |
| A．Evaporation in his hometown was serious. | B．He had no other ways to earn a living. |
| C．He found it a pleasure to plant trees. | D．Sandstorms kept striking his hometown. |
| A．His health. | B．His wealth. |
| C．Forest ownership(所有权) | D．Children’s future. |
| A．An Elder in the Desert | B．A Life Devoted to Planting Trees |
| C．Mu Us Sandyland Requires Forest | D．Cao Zhawa—a Peasant with a Great Dream |
4 . An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.
The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.
Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage.
Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.
The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K.’s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France’s ArianeGroup.
Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.
The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.
Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the success of this week’s experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against “over- publicizing” it.
There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.
Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said “The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks.” Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.
1. What is the use of the RemoveDEBRIS satellite?| A．Demonstrating space technology. |
| B．Imitating a developing technique. |
| C．Collecting wastes existing in space. |
| D．Symbolizing great progress in space. |
| A．By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit. |
| B．By fastening it to the main satellite tightly. |
| C．By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long. |
| D．By targeting large pieces of junk carefully. |
| A．Accomplish. | B．Support. | C．Oppose. | D．Provide. |
| A．The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is Perfect |
| B．How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the Lab |
| C．Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is Invented |
| D．Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time |
5 . If American waterways had ever been voted on the yearbook，the Buffalo River could easily have been named Ugliest.It could be hard to find hope there.It took decades for public perception of the river to shift.But activist citizens，who collaborated with industry，government，and environment groups never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for.And by now the cleaned—up water is one of Buffalo’S biggest attractions.
By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes.The Buffalo River had caught fire many times.The surface had an oily layer，and any fish caught there were not eatable.
The waterway’s fate started shifting in the mid-1960s.Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day，but by evening he was the kind of guy who’d chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River.By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation’s“Water Conservationist of the Year”award.And before long he got a nickname:“Mr.Buffalo River.”But there was only so much he could do—the river was still declared biologically dead in 1969.
Jill Spisiak Jedlicka is his great-grandniece.She picks up where he left off by directing the river’s protector organization，Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper.Professor Schneekloth and seven friends founded the organization as an all-volunteer nonprofit in 1989，after organizing the first river cleanup that year.Today the group employs 27 full-time workers and has helped oversee the Buffalo River’s $100 million restoration.
So far，the Buffalo River’s water quality has restored，but it is still an ongoing issue，as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms.Habitat restoration continues as well；fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it’s gone.
1. What did the Buffalo River use to be?| A．A waterway on the yearbook. | B．A river heavily polluted. |
| C．A great attraction of Buffalo’s. | D．A place worth fighting for. |
| A．Because his fate shifted in the 1 960s. |
| B．Because he spotted dumpers on the River. |
| C．Because he spared no efforts to protect the river. |
| D．Because the river was declared biologically dead. |
| A．More than half a century. | B．Just four decades. |
| C．About 30 years. | D．Only 27 years. |
| A．The restoration of the Buffalo River | B．Stanley Spisiak:The“Mr.Buffalo River” |
| C．The future of the Buffalo River | D．River protection:A long way to go |
6 . When it comes to modern communication, security is a big concern. It seems like we’re forever hearing about hackers leaking(泄露) emails, passwords and other important personal information.
But thanks to a breakthrough by Chinese scientists, who won the 2018 Newcomb Cleveland Prize in February, we may soon never have to worry about our data again. This is thanks to the satellite called Micius that uses cutting-edge technology to send and receive information.
Micius is the first satellite of its kind to use quantum key distribution(量子密匙分发), which uses particles (粒子) that transmit(传输) light to transfer information from one point to another. Currently, it can communicate with two base stations(基站), both of which are located high up in the mountains in two different areas of Tibet, around 1,200 kilometers apart. Data is sent between the satellite and one of the base stations in the form of a ray of light. This makes it almost impossible for data sent and received using quantum satellite technology to be stolen, as the connection will be broken if someone tries to hack it.
“Any eavesdropper(偷听者) on the quantum channel attempting to gain information … can be found by the communicating users,” the scientists wrote in the paper.
However, the technology does have a few limitations. For example, the process only works at night, as the information isn’t able to pass through sunlight.
Despite these small issues, the scientific community across the world has reacted positively to China’s achievements in this groundbreaking project.
“This Chinese experiment is a quite remarkable technological achievement,” Artur Ekert, a professor of quantum physics at the University of Oxford, told BBC News.
And Karl Ziemelis, an editor for Nature, told Xinhua, “It’s a testament(见证)to China’s investments and significant efforts in the physical sciences that this group has been able to push research in practical quantum communication technologies to such an astronomical(天文学的)height.”
1. According to the passage, why Micius is safe for transporting messages?| A．Because it is only data base located in space, which cannot be touched. |
| B．Because it only works at night, as the information isn’t able to pass through sunlight. |
| C．Because it uses particles that transmit light to transfer information from one to another. |
| D．Because it doesn’t score any important private information like passwords and e-mails. |
| A．It gave out the working principle of Micius. |
| B．It tells of a kind of scientific appearance. |
| C．It warned hackers not to steal information from Micius. |
| D．It is a more apparent explanation of its safety. |
| A．Its core technology is controlled in foreign countries. |
| B．Light is a must in its working process. |
| C．Its safety performance needs improving. |
| D．Sunlight has a deadly influence on its working. |
| A．Leaping into an age of secure data |
| B．How should you avoid information hackers |
| C．Old Problem, New Approaches |
| D．Taking on data theft |
I’m writing to you because I feel like we’ve grown distant lately. I know you have two little babies now that take up most of your attention, but I want to remind you that I’m your dog. My name is Max, and I am here long before those two troublemakers joined our family. The older one, Hannah, keeps trying to ride me. She knows I’m not a horse, right? Let’s remember that I’m 11 now. That’s 77 years old to you, friend. So how about showing me some respect I deserve?
Anyway, I’m still an official part of this family. I know I have made mistakes with food, but those kids are covered with so much food. It’s like an alcoholic living in a wine store. I have tried harder not to eat their food, but this business of forcing me to the backyard for most of the day was unacceptable.
And when you told your wife Kate that you wanted to drop me off in the valley to live with wolves, well, that hurt my self-respect. And did you have to do it right in front of me? I might be old, but I can still hear.
Remember the old days? By the time you came into the picture, I had already known Kate for three years. And then you came along. I knew she liked you so I welcomed you into our world. I remembered one night, she asked me if I thought you were the one. I barked “yes” repeatedly because I thought you would take great care of us. And you did.
Look, I know you’re a father of two now, but please try to include me a little bit more. That’s all I’m asking.
Sincerely yours,
Max the Puggle
1. Why did Max write the letter to its male master to complain?| A．It was badly treated by his kids. | B．It was not treated as a human. |
| C．It felt it was being ignored. | D．It didn’t have enough to eat. |
| A．It stole the kids’ food to eat. | B．The kids had too much food. |
| C．It couldn’t help drinking alcohol. | D．It hated being left at the backyard. |
| A．He thinks of only himself not others. | B．He has changed into a cruel man. |
| C．His words agree with his actions. | D．He acts as kick down the ladder. |
8 . Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play, catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, extra learning trials (尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception (例外) to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?| A．People remember well what they learned in childhood. |
| B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups. |
| C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words. |
| D．Stories for children are easy to remember. |
| A．presenting research findings |
| B．setting down general rules |
| C．making a comparison |
| D．using examples |
| A．Commonly accepted rules. |
| B．The multiplication tables. |
| C．Things easily forgotten. |
| D．School subjects. |
| A．It’s helpful only in a limited way. |
| B．It leads to failure in college exams. |
| C．It’s possible to result in poor memory. |
| D．It increases students’ learning interest. |
9 . Life affects friendships. As we grow, marry, fight in wars, move across the country or change jobs, old friendships fall away and new ones form. As long as we live, the things around us change, and as long as things change, friendships are affected.
When we were children, we had best friends. No matter what happened we were still friends. We live our lives, however, and do what life calls for us to do, and as we get older, memories fade, faces blur（变得模糊），and even friends’ names from childhood are forgotten.
Do you have a question about friendship？Do you wonder what to do with a friend who is no longer friendly？ Perhaps you will see that you can’t control others. If some people want to be your friends, it is their choice. All you can do is treat them well and do the best for them when you are with them. Then you wish them well when they leave.
You can talk to old-timers and they will tell you that life is full of incredible（难以置信的）joy and incredible sorrow, and that what bothers you today will one day become a memory and the pain will be gone. Seniors might tell you that you will learn more as you get older. They will tell you that friendships come and friendships go. Sometimes when they go it will hurt you, but you will be okay with it. It’s theway life works, after all.
1. According to the text, what can we learn about friendship？| A．Friendship cannot be easily affected by one’s family. |
| B．Friends are always around us and will never go away. |
| C．Friends in childhood are sometimes forgotten by us. |
| D．Friends in childhood are the best no matter what happens. |
| A．Care about them and do the best for them when we are together. |
| B．Forget them and make new friends who have a lot in common with us. |
| C．Find the reason why our friendship has changed. |
| D．Do our best to control them and make them listen to us. |
| A．make you have no good friends |
| B．help you have healthy understanding of friendship |
| C．remind you to always help your friends |
| D．lead you to be a powerful man WNIW HH |
| A．How to share happiness with friends |
| B．How to deal with unfriendly people |
| C．How to make good friends |
| D．How to face the changes in friendship |
10 . My parents left for our hometown on Thursday and we went to see them off. My father, who retired（退休）last month, had never traveled by air before, so I just took this
The moment I
As they were about to leave, he
We, as children,
Just as we take care of our children, the
| A．chance | B．holiday | C．challenge | D．advantage |
| A．sell | B．book | C．expect | D．order |
| A．sent | B．posted | C．handed | D．threw |
| A．frightened | B．disappointed | C．worried | D．surprised |
| A．excited | B．calm | C．nervous | D．tired |
| A．anger | B．wonder | C．happiness | D．fear |
| A．listened | B．walked | C．explained | D．responded |
| A．fact | B．promise | C．suggestion | D．doubt |
| A．looked forward to | B．looked up to | C．looked out for | D．looked back on |
| A．waited | B．asked | C．searched | D．thanked |
| A．reach | B．catch | C．possess | D．afford |
| A．finished | B．satisfied | C．reduced | D．completed |
| A．Strangely | B．Luckily | C．Similarly | D．Finally |
| A．expense | B．time | C．memory | D．work |
| A．replaced | B．recovered | C．offered | D．planned |
| A．idea | B．dream | C．reason | D．duty |
| A．failed | B．pretended | C．managed | D．ignored |
| A．active | B．helpful | C．same | D．grateful |
| A．regret | B．sense | C．complain | D．forget |
| A．belief | B．strength | C．requirements | D．wishes |
