2 . The United States does not have a government office that regulates the film industry. Government, ___________does link with the movie business in several ways.

In the United States, films generally come from two _______: large studios that produce many films and television programs each year and independent filmmakers, including both students and experienced filmmakers. Sometimes — through grants from universities or arts or humanities councils — independent filmmakers do receive_______ indirectly from funding that originated with the local, state, or federal government, but more often funding comes from private investors or through charity organizations   _______ either promotion of arts or promotion of a cause being addressed by a film.

While there is no _______ of film, there are many government offices that interact with the film industry. At the state and local levels, government film offices promote local film locations because use of their local brings employment and other _______ advantages to promote local tourist sites. These offices also help filmmakers work with the police and others to _______filming that impacts traffic, use public buildings, or otherwise needs special consideration.

_______, government organizations, especially the branches of the military, have offices that help coordinate filmmakers’ use of facilities, equipment, and even personnel. It would be _______, for example, for a filmmaker to construct a make-believe aircraft carrier or to hire a cast of extras to be in the ________ of a movie who look like real soldiers, sailors, airmen, or marines (whose haircuts, fitness levels, and posture are often different from that of civilian actors). The military is willing to make their facilities   ________, within reason, for approved projects, and each branch has an office that handles these requests. Other branches of the government ________ requests to use public spaces and buildings, such as monuments or parks.

Many years ago, the U.S. Government did produce quite a few feature films and worked closely with Hollywood on films that would encourage public morale (士气) during wartime. However, since World War II, these programs have been   ________ due to a combination of budgetary and philosophical concerns. The United States Information Agency, ________, for many years produced films for exhibition to overseas audiences to complement its other educational programs. One such film, John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums, a posthumous contribution to the president, even won the 1965 Academy Award for best documentary. This ________, now a part of the U.S.

Department of State, no longer produces such feature films.

4 . The Beatles were a British rock group, led by the song writing team of John Lennon and Paul McCartney. They had a profound (深远的的) effect on the course of popular culture in the1960s, Their innovation (创新) led to revolution in pop music, fashion, and youth culture.

The group came together in Liverpool, England in the late 1950s, and soon found an enthusiastic audience. Then, in Hamburg, Germany, they developed their own song writing style.

In 1962, Ringo Starr joined the Beatles on the drums. They released Please, Please, Me, the first of many number one hits. In 1964. this phenomenon crossed the Atlantic. The Beatles appeared on a popular TV show in the US, and at first only young men watched their performances.

They recorded a variety of different styles of songs, from the simple Yellow Submarine to songs expressing political ideas. In their songs, their political activism and social ideas were reflected. It is said that the US government once sought to have Lennon deported(驱逐出境).

The Beatles made pioneering use of the modern recording studio, and released an album that is considered their best. After this album, however, the members pursued separate interests, and ended in breaking up. The group dissolved (解散) in 1971. John Lennon was murdered by a fan on the street in 1980. Fans around the world mourned his loss.

6 . People usually communicate by speaking or writing. However, some occupations rely on hand gestures to communicate.

Railway workers on the _________ must communicate with other employees such as engineers on the trains. _________ this, they use lanterns or flags. To _________ go’, a railway worker stretches out his arm with the lantern _________ his head and moves the lantern up and down.

Soldiers in battle often cannot hear each other. It has been_________ that soldiers use a complex _________ of gestures to communicate with each other. When a leader wants other soldiers to follow him, he points to them, and then he uses his arm to point _________ the direction they should go. Soldiers in different countries use similar signals so that they can understand each other even if they are not from the same group.

In classical concerts, musicians such as pianists and violinists _________ the directions of the conductor. He or she will direct the other musicians during the song through hand movements and by _________ a small stick known as baton. Therefore, hand gestures also __________ an important role in the orchestra.

7 . If you try to explain to someone, without using pictures, how to build the building that you have designed, it would take an enormous amount of writing and might end up with a very funny-looking building. The architect uses pictures called details to show how many hundreds of parts go together to form a complete building. This type of drawing is called drafting and is done by people called draftsmen.

Draftsmen make up the largest group of the architectural offices’ work force. Because of the wide range of duties they perform, draftsmen are sometimes called architectural technicians. In a typical office, there are not only career draftsmen but also architectural graduates working as junior draftsmen to learn the trade. Career draftsmen are usually graduates from a two-year junior college called technical school. There was a time when architectural office used young people right out of high school as tracers. Their job was to trace over the other people’s details while learning to be a draftsman. This is no longer possible with the fast-pace of architects’ offices today although a junior draftsman is given guides by the more experienced employees.

So a good comprehensive architectural drafting course is a must before anyone seeks a job with an architectural firm. The job of the draftsmen is to translate the ideas and directions of architects, designers and engineers into complete and accurate working drawings. These become the plans and details used in the actual construction of a building. The project must be shown in great detail and drawn very clearly, so there is no chance for misunderstanding by the contractors(承包商). Every line and figure has an effect on the finished product.

As you can see, the draftsman is a key member of the architectural team. Of course, a junior draftsman is not expected to produce a complete set of working drawings. Depending on the size of the office and difficulty of the project, draftsmen may work in groups. The group leader coordinates the group and works closely with the project architect while the drawings are being produced.

Working conditions are mostly very pleasant as draftsmen’s work is intense and many people depend on accurate work. Each draftsman has a large combination drawing board and desk with various drawing aids. Almost without exception, members of the architectural team have at one time in their careers worked as draftsmen. This is essential to an architect education and most architects never get very far away from the drafting board.

8 . “Come in, Kim. Have a seat, please.” said Bill Williams, the manager. This was Kim’s first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment (测评) was satisfactory.

“Kim.” began Bill Williams. “I am very pleased with the quality of your work. I have nothing but praise for your devotion and your hard work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in putting forward your suggestions.”

“But,” replied Kim. “I have always completed every assignment you have given me. Mr. Williams.” “I know that, Kim. And please, call me Bill. But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going I don’t need a “yes man”. You never tell me what you think. You just smile as though everything is find.”

“But,” said Kim. “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”

“I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. To make suggestions. I employed you because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”

“Yes, I see. I’m not accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say…, Bill”

“Good, then, I expect to hear more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.”

“Yes, of course. Thank you, Mr. Will… Bill.”