1 . You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you're not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (奖杯)?
If the decision is up to Carol Dweck, the answer would likely be no. She's a psychology professor at Stanford University, California. She says a player doesn't have to be the best to get a trophy. But those who receive an award should have to work for it. She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.
“The trophy has to stand for something,” Dweck told TFK. “If we give a trophy to everyone, then the award has no value.” Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons, such as improving in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best.
Others say that there's no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport, regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved.
“I think we should encourage kids' participation in sports,” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. “A trophy is one way to encourage kids' efforts.”
Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything. “Winning is only part of the equation (等式),” Barish told TFK. “Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.”
There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says Barish. They'll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl. For now, he thinks there's nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.
1. According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy?A.Tony, the most attractive player of the soccer team. |
B.David, a soccer player who is both clever and funny. |
C.Peter, who is ready to help his partners to score goals. |
D.Jim, a soccer player who tries his best to win the game |
A.There is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone. |
B.Kids fond of playing sports should be rewarded. |
C.Kids should be given trophies for trying their best. |
D.It is necessary to encourage kids' participation in sports. |
A.honor | B.choose |
C.value | D.stress |
A.Who deserves a trophy? | B.All kids deserve a trophy |
C.What does a trophy deserve? | D.Best player deserves a trophy |
2 . Spring and summer are the best seasons of the year for lots of activities, especially jogging(慢跑). This kind of running is the choice of many people who live in the city, work in the office and want to keep healthy.
1. Make good preparations before jogging.
2. Do fitting warming-up activities
Every runner, especially the beginners should know that all physical activities without proper warming up can cause a terrible pain and result in harm to muscles. It will probably lead to a final discomfort in your body or even disease.
3.
Every type of sport is special and useful in its own way. While jogging can sometimes bring pain and discomfort, it really offers you greater joy and satisfaction. So don’t step back.
A.Listen to your body signals. |
B.Never give in to difficulties while jogging |
C.However, jogging without preparation will bring great harm. |
D.One of the best ways to prepare is to go to specialized (专门的) shops. |
E.Just go in for jogging, but remember to follow the above rules |
F.Therefore, you should make it a habit to warm up before jogging |
G.Here are some basic rules to make jogging safe, useful and comfortable |
3 . Older women who walk a little over three kilometers each day might live longer than less active women of the same age, a new study suggests.
Many Americans hoping to stay healthy set a daily goal of 10, 000 steps, or about eight kilometers. They often have this goal because they are wearing electronic devices which set that target, note researchers in the United States. Their findings appeared recently in the publication JAMA Internal Medicine.
But it is not clear how much intensity(强度)or speed matter when counting the health benefits of every step, the researchers write. They add that 10,000 steps per day might not be the right goal for everyone.
For the study, researchers observed 17,000 women, all in their early 70s. They asked the women to wear accelerometers for at least four days. Accelerometers are small devices that measure the number of steps and the intensity of movement. The researchers followed up with the women much later, around 4. 3 years later, on average. Since the beginning of the study, 504 women had died. Compared to women who took no more than 2, 718 steps daily, the women who took at least 4,363 steps per day were 41 percent less likely to die.
“Even a modest amount of steps is associated with lower death rates, "said I-Min Lee, the lead writer of a report on the study. "The rate of stepping did not matter in these older women: it was the number of steps that mattered.
The study had a few limitations. For example, the researchers only measured women’s movements once, at the start of the study period. It is possible that the women’s behaviors changed over time. Still, the results are "good news for older adults who may have difficulty walking at faster paces, "said Keith Diaz, a researcher at Columbia University. He was not involved in the study.
“Any walking is better than nothing, " Diaz said by email. "With even small amounts of walking, your risk of death will be sharply reduced "For those who have difficulty walking, other research shows that any form of aerobic activity provides health benefits," he added. "Swimming, bicycling or any form of activity that is continuous in nature will provide health benefits.
1. What conclusion can we come to from the text?A.People who walk about 10,000 steps can live longer. |
B.10,000 steps per day might be the right goal for people. |
C.The more steps one walks per day, the longer life he may live. |
D.The number of steps is important for a long life among older women. |
A.By giving examples. | B.By comparison. |
C.By listing statistics. | D.By explaining reasons. |
A.People who walk fast will get more health benefits. |
B.If people have a habit of walking, the risk of death will be reduced. |
C.People with walking difficulty can not benefit from activities |
D.Activities such as swimming and bicycling are not as beneficial as walking. |
A.A medical journal. | B.A news report. |
C.A magazine about fashion. | D.A traveler brochure. |
内容包括:
1. 学生们不参加体育活动的原因;
2. 进行体育活动的好处。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 文章开头和结尾语已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear schoolmates,
Nowadays, most students don’t do sports for kinds of reasons.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Hua
5 . How to Stay Fit and Beautifully Healthy
Find the time.
You will see the most benefits from exercise if you do it regularly. One good way to make it a habit is to pick a form of exercise that you enjoy. For example, if you like swimming, make it a point to swim twice a week.
Go outdoors.
There are definitely some benefits to work out at a gym — air conditioning and televisions are a few.
Use your local parks.
Many parks will have great areas for running or walking.
Be social.
If you involve other people in your exercise routine, you’ll see a positive impact in your results. Finding a workout friend can help with responsibilities. If you schedule an activity with a friend, you are less likely to cancel than if you were only canceling on yourself. Group exercise classes also offer benefits.
A.Make it a habit |
B.If you like sports |
C.Exercise really does good |
D.If you have more free time |
E.In classes, instructors can offer encouraging words |
F.But scientists report that exercising outdoors can have major benefits |
G.Exercise is one of the most important aspects in staying/becoming fit and healthy |
内容包括:1. 谈谈多运动对人们的好处;
2. 举例说明你是怎么运动的;
3. 请呼吁大家多运动,传播冬奥精神。
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯(开头已给出,但不计入总数)。
Dear John,
There is no doubt that doing more exercise is helpful to our human. __________________________________
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Yours,
Li Hua
7 . We all know that exercise is good for your health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than others.
Running, for example, may help to protect against heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live longer. Researchers say it is not important how far you run. It also does not matter how fast or even how often you run. As advertisements for the running shoes Nike say, “Just Do It.”
Recently researchers studied more than 55,000 adults. About one-fourth of the adults reported running regularly. The study found these runners were considerably less likely than non-runners to die of any form of disease, including heart disease. In fact, the runners lived, on average, three years longer than the non-runners.
This study lasted 15 years. During that time, more than 3,400 of the individuals died. About 1.200 of the deaths were linked to heart disease, hear, attack or stroke.
One of the researchers is a man named D.C. Lee, a professor of Iowa State University Compared to non-runners, he said, runners showed a much lower risk of dying from some diseases. “Compared to non-runners, runners showed 30 percent lower risk of death by any causes, including heart attack, stroke and cancer. Also, runners compared to non-runners showed 45 percent lower risk of death by cardiovascular diseases(心血管疾病), including heart attack and stroke.”
D. C. Lee and the other researchers found that speed, distance and how often one runs made little difference in reducing the risk of death. The runners in the study averaged between 10 and 16 kilometers per hour. Mr Lee said slower runners and those who only ran once or twice a week were helped nearly as much as those who ran faster and further. “And also we looked at the inning over time and we found that persistent runners(over six years)showed the biggest benefits, as well.”
1. What does the author mean by quoting Nike’s ad “Just Do it”?A.It’s time for you to start running. |
B.Nike has always kept its promise. |
C.You have to run as fast as possible. |
D.Running does you good whatever its form. |
A.analyzing data | B.having interviews |
C.doing experiments | D.doing field survey |
A.Heart disease is the biggest killer of mankind. |
B.Runners are generally healthier than non-runners. |
C.Heart disease has killed more people than cancer. |
D.Running greatly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. |
A.Slower runners and faster runners benefit equally from running. |
B.You can benefit most if your speed is over 10km per hour. |
C.You must control your speed properly while running. |
D.The further you run, the more benefits you will get. |
8 . Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful.
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.
A.So why do we dance? |
B.Dance in the U.S. is everywhere. |
C.If you like dancing outdoors, come to America. |
D.My older students say it makes them feel young. |
E.I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired. |
F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. |
G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing. |
9 . If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A.You will stick to your diet. |
B.Your quality of sleep improves. |
C.You prefer healthy food to fast food. |
D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. |
E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. |
F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. |
G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up! |
1. 对她的现状表示担心;
2. 指出吃减肥药以及经常不吃饭的坏处;
3. 提出一些健康的减肥方法,如慢跑、定期到健身房健身等。
注意:1.词数100个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:减肥药 weight-loss pill; 慢跑 jogging; 健身房 gym
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