1 . Why We Still Need Newspapers

If you needed information about the past, you went to the library. If you needed information about the present or the future, you looked to the newspaper. It offers everything you need to know-news, analysis, commentary(实况转播) and practical knowledge.

    1     Movie times? The theater website. Jobs? LinkedIn. Restaurant reviews? Yelp. Science breakthroughs? Glzmodo. com. Travel recommendations? Trip-advisor.com. If you want information on companies, politicians, sports teams, events, etc., you go straight to the source-websites-and skip the intermediary(中介), the newspaper.

The information age, which made us richer in knowledge, is now making us poorer.     2     In the past, the technical and visual quality of online material was a reliable indicator for determining legitimacy(合法性). Most people were not taken in by emails from “wealthy Nigerian princes” thanks to their extremely bad grammar and spelling.

During the last presidential election, however, Russian Facebook posts and Twitter blogs may have been sophisticated(复杂巧妙的) enough to affect quite a few Americans. Unfortunately, it’s going to get worse. Emerging technology can alter photographs and video without leaving obvious signs. In the future，fact and forgery(伪造) will be more indistinguishable.     3    

While some bloggers provide thoughtful, factually accurate commentary, it is just that, commentary. Good commentary is useful, but it is not news. Similarly, websites operated by industries, think-banks, universities, governments, businesses and community groups, even when 100 percent factual, are selective in their content and biased(倾向性的) toward their own interests. Though valuable, their content presents the whole picture.

    4     The breadth and depth of the news coverage guided by professional standards that limit bias, however imperfectly, ensure readers are exposed to information that they are not looking for or expect to see.

We human beings don’t really want to see the whole picture most of the time because we are motivated to seek information that we believe.

A．Newspapers have not yet tarted to shut down in large numbers, but it is only a matter of time.

B．The same internet that has eased access to information is enabling the spreading of false and incomplete information.

C．Newspapers don’t present the whole picture either, but they take us a little closer.

D．But today, if you want political commentary you may go to a blog instead.

E．Since the dawn of mass media, newspapers, radio and television have all been used to inform and educate the public.

F．That’s why we must rely on trustworthy intermediaries to tell s and interpret what happened.

2 . Scientists rely on journal papers to share their scientific results.     1    

Once researchers are confident of their results, they write up a manuscript(手稿)and send it to a joumal. Editors forward the submitted manuscripts to at least two external referees who are expert in the topic. These reviewers can suggest the manuscript be rejected, published as is, or sent back to the scientists for more experiments.     2    

Research published in peer-reviewed journals has undergone strict quality control by experts. Each year, about 2, 800 peer-reviewed journals publish roughly 1.8 million scientific papers. The body of scientific knowledge is constantly evolving and updating, but you can trust that the science these journals describe is sound. Retraction policies help correct the record if mistakes are discovered post-publication.

    3    To get the word out faster, scientists sometimes post research papers on what’s called a preprint server. These often have “RXiv”—pronounced “archive”—in their name:MedRXiv, BioRXiv and so on. These articles have not been peer-reviewed and so are not proven by other scientists. Preprints provide an opportunity for other scientists to evaluate and use the research as building blocks in their own work sooner.

How long has this work been on the preprint server? If it’s been months and it hasn’t yet been published in the peer-reviewed literature, be very skeptical.     4    During the COVID-19 crisis, with researchers hurrying to understand a dangerous new virus and rushing to develop lifesaving treatments, preprint servers have been littered with immature and unproven science. Demanding research standards have been sacrificed for speed.

Be smartly aware of research published in what are called predatory (损人利己的) journals.     5    Papers from any of the thousands of known predatory journals should be treated with strong skepticism.

A．That process is called “peer review”.

B．Peer review normally takes months.

C．Call to confirm that they are proven correct.

D．However, they can’t guarantee the papers are correct.

E．They let the world see what research has been done, and how.

F．They don’t peer-review manuscripts, and they charge authors a fee to publish.

G．The scientists submitting the preprint may not come from a reliable institution.

3 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How many Pulitzer Prizes has NY Times won?

A．113.

B．130.

C．151.

2. What happened to NY Times on September 7th,1976?

A．It changed into a six-column format.

B．It started to introduce some new lifestyle sections.

C．It printed the heaviest ever newspaper.

3. Where is the motto of NY Times?

A．In the bottom left-hand corner of the front page.

B．In the upper right-hand corner of the front page.

C．In the upper left-hand cormer of the front page.

4 . The role of media historically has been central to the making of society and the construction of identity. It is vital in the search for information, stories and art to feed the human spirit and imagination to overcome the challenges ahead.

In an age of false news and misinformation, good quality content is more valuable than ever. History provides some context. In the UK the development of the liberal(自由的)media prior to the 1950s was characterized by a clear hierarchy(等级)when it came to the control of information. This model eventually gave way to a popular, audience-driven mass media in the 1980s, when the idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure took root.

Today, as more content is distributed via social platforms and the division between content creators and content consumers is unclear, technology companies — or “super competitors” — are taking greater responsibility for guaranteeing the quality and integrity of information. Perhaps as a reaction to this and with an odd nod to pre-1950s paternalism(家长式管理), there is a rising call for governments and regulators to take a more active role in the production and spreading of news to ensure equitable access to information.

Access to or quality of content is better than ever. But while destination media compete to become leaders in their specific areas, the tech giants are working out how to use media to dominate time, spend and data. What will be the impact of the strategies of the tech giants on the overall media landscape? The poet and novelist, Ben Okri, writes, “It may well be that it is not only science that saves us. We may also be saved by laughter, by the optimism of being able to see beyond these times, with stories, with community, with songs.”

In the absence of real contact, interaction and the consumption of experience is now mostly mediated(调解). The value and integrity of media has never been more relevant and significant.

1. What do the underlined words “some context” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The development of the liberal media.

B．The model of the British clear hierarchy.

C．The changing of factors determining media content.

D．The idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure.

2. What is the major problem media today are facing?

A．Media are losing their roles in shaping society.

B．It’s hard to divide content creators and consumers.

C．Media are misused to dominate time, spend and data.

D．The quality and integrity of information can’t be available.

3. What does Ben Okri intend to tell us?

A．Our life lacks passion.	B．People need proper media content.
C．Science can by all means save us.	D．Media cannot change the real life.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．The Core of Media—Value and Integrity

B．The Transformation of Media Content

C．The Impact of Tech Giants on Media

D．The Ups and Downs of Media

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Guardian view on academic publishing: disastrous capitalism

Scientific publishing has long been a licence     1    (print) money. Scientists need journals in     2     to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform     3     skilled and specialized work of peer review also for free,     4     it is a central element in the     5    (acquire) of status and the production of scientific knowledge.

With the content of papers     6    (secure) for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.     7     this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Since academic careers depend on publication, the demand for scientific publications is unbounded except by the price that scholarly libraries can     8    (force) to pay. Scientific publishers     9    (routine) report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an     10    (exist) crisis.

6 . Vlogging is an increasingly popular activity. And it’s no wonder that with so many_________ vloggers sharing personal experiences in their countries online, young Chinese people have_________ to hear their stories. But what makes American Jerry Kowal_________ outstanding as such an influential vlogger?

In videos, Kowal offers his sincere_________ into current events to his over 53 million followers on video sharing platform Bilibili. _________ other vloggers who tend to focus on one topic, his videos_________ various issues, such as governance, pandemic and_________. After leaving Chengdu for New York in January, Kowal posted_________ America’s measures serve to face the COVID-19 outbreak, having visited local hospitals_________ at the risk of getting infected.

As a responsible citizen journalist, Kowal is deeply concerned about__________ issues. During the protests triggered by George Floyd, an innocent and__________ African American who died while in police custody(拘捕), Kowal__________ questions from his fans about his perspectives and attitude toward this situation. Kowal uploaded an informative video clip explaining that he believed this event was a__________ of racial bias and police violence.

“Vlogs help people learn the culture of other countries...”__________ by CCTV on June 10, he put, “the US, China and everything have all__________ my fancy, which inspires me to tell people what I have seen.”

1.

A．foreign

B．familiar

C．special

D．fine

2.

A．dropped in

B．taken in

C．put in

D．tuned in

3.

A．little

B．almost

C．that

D．enough

4.

A．approval

B．expectation

C．admission

D．insight

5.

A．Besides

B．Against

C．As

D．Unlike

6.

A．checked

B．undertook

C．addressed

D．spared

7.

A．reputation

B．racism

C．evaluation

D．dignity

8.

A．what

B．how

C．why

D．when

9.

A．bravely

B．patiently

C．eagerly

D．relaxedly

10.

A．recreational

B．cultural

C．financial

D．social

11.

A．unhealthy

B．unaffected

C．unarmed

D．unkind

12.

A．preferred

B．encountered

C．recommended

D．ignored

13.

A．result

B．misunderstanding

C．improvement

D．start

14.

A．invited

B．interviewed

C．encouraged

D．praised

15.

A．taken

B．predicted

C．controlled

D．missed

7 . What is a book nowadays in a world of Kindles and iPads? Traditional publishers are traveling a long and confusing road into the digital future. Here's the conventional wisdom about publishing: People expect e-books to be cheaper than physical books, and that drives down prices. But the story's not that simple. For one thing, digital publishers have the same problem that traditional publishers do:piracy(盗版).

It turns out, though, that some publishers are doing pretty well despite the piracy problem. "We've had an amazing year," says Sourcebooks President Dominique Raccah. "Last year was the best year in the company's history. This year we beat that, which I didn't think was even possible." Raccah adds that her company is doing well because of digital publishing.

It turns out there are some huge advantages-at least for publishers. A big one: The price of an e-book isn't fixed the way it is with physical books. Ten years ago, a publisher would have sent out its books to the bookstore with the price stamped on the cover. After that, it was done - the publisher couldn't put a book on sale to sell more copies.

"The exciting thing about digital books is that we actually get to test and price differently, " Raccah says. That's what American publisher Little, Brown and Company did with Robert Dallek's book An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy. In the middle of November, Little, Brown and Company dropped the price from $ 9. 99 to $ 2. 99 for 24 hours. That sparks sales; it gets people talking about it," says Terry Adams, a publisher with Little, Brown and Company.

If you read the new e-book 40 Years of Queen, you will find it full of links. Links to iTunes, where you can buy the music you've been reading about. That's another huge advantage of e-books:Publishers can sell you things inside your book.

There's still one big problem putting pressure on publishers. "We actually don't have a good gifting tradition yet for e-books," says Raccah. Despite all the advances in reading technology, physical books are still the best Christmas presents.

1. How does Raccah feel about her company's achievement this year?

A．It's really disappointing.	B．It's less than satisfactory.
C．It's just what she predicted.	D．It's far beyond her expectations.

2. Why does the author mention publishing 10 years ago?

A．To stress it had its own advantage.

B．To show its marketing was not flexible.

C．To complain about the changing prices of books.

D．To indicate the unpopularity of physical books.

3. What do we know about An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy?

A．It was written by John F. Kennedy.

B．It caused disagreements among buyers.

C．It was sold at a huge discount for one day.

D．It was sold at a different price every week.

4. What can you do while reading the new e-book 40 Years of Queen?

A．Buy items mentioned in the book.

B．Find links to other relevant books.

C．Get some background information.

D．Listen to music in the book for free.

8 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Famous British physicist Stephen Hawking,     1     mental genius (智力天才) and physical disability made him a household name and inspiration across the globe, has died at age 76 on March 14^th, 2018.

Propelled (推动) to superstar by his 1988 book A Brief History of Time, which became     2    unlikely worldwide bestseller, Hawking devoted    3    (he) to unlocking the secrets of the Universe.

Hawking refused to accept the predictions that he would only live for a few years after developing a form of motor neurone disease (运动神经元病) in his early     4    (twenty). The illness gradually robbed him of mobility (移动的能力)    5    (leave) him confined to a wheelchair, almost completely paralysed and unable to speak except through his voice synthesizer (合成器). It was with these difficulties     6     he revised the draft of A Brief History of Time which was published in 1988.

    7     (translate) into thirty languages, the book has sold over ten million copies worldwide and lives on as a science book that continues to captivate (迷住) and inspire new readers each year.

When I came into contact with the book, I did not know much about the time and space. Was there a     8     (begin) of time? Could time run backwards? …These questions may be with all of us during our childhood.     9    (lucky), Stephen Hawking shows us the time and the space, the God and a mystery. The book, A Brief History of Time, is available in paperback and I     10     (strong) recommend it. For me, books like A Brief History of Time are more captivating (迷人的) than any novel.

9 . Mrs. Everything: A Novel

In this instant New York Times bestseller and “multigenerational story that’s nothing short of brilliant” (People), two sisters’ lives from the 1950s to the present are explored as they struggle to find their places—and be true to themselves—in a rapidly changing world.

	Price	New from	Used from
Kindle (电子书)	$8.99	—	—
Hardcover	$1.27	$9.61	$1.27
Paperback	$5.59	$4.86	$1.82

Product details Publication date: June 11, 2019 Text-to Speech: Enabled Word Wise: Enabled

Measure Up: Mastering Your Career Search Like a Boss

Measure Up helps those desiring or going through career transition understand their value and how to best communicate their value.

	Price	New from	Used from
Kindle	$0.99	—	—
Hardcover	$13.25	—	$11.75
Paperback	—	$16.95	—

Product details Publication date: March 2, 2021 Text-to-Speech: Enabled Word Wise: Enabled

Information: A Reader

Information: A reader establishes a classic framework for thinking about information in humanistic terms. Together with Information: Keywords, it sets forth a major humanistic vision of the concept of information.

	Price	New from	Used from
Kindle	$18.34	—	—
Hardcover	—	$110.00	—
Paperback	—	$28.005	—

Product details Publication date: September 14, 2021 Texto Speech: Enabled Word Wise: Not Enabled

Julius and Macy: A Very Brave Night

A fantastic woodland tale about bravery and friendship from an author-illustrator. With its attractive characters, this gently told tale reminds us that we each have courage within us and that kindness can make all the difference.

	Price	New from	Used from
Kindle	$4.99	—	—
Hardcover	—	$6.99	—

Product details Publication date: April 1, 2021 Text-to-Speech: Not enabled Word Wise: Not Enabled

For more, click here.

1. How much would you pay at least for a Kindle book?

A．$8. 99.

B．$0. 99.

C．$18. 34.

D．$4. 99.

2. Which book can help to regain a teenager’s courage?

A．Julius and Macy	B．Measure Up
C．Mrs. Everything	D．Information

3. Where do you probably find this text ?

A．A travel brochure.	B．A book review.
C．A book-selling website.	D．A science magazine.

10 . Over the past month, I have guided my team through the media. From the afternoon to the night, the team _________every day to rehearse（排练）a play which was aimed to lift our class _________ . When I glanced at that crowd of cheering students, I smiled to myself, seeing how our _________ had inspired the students to come together. _________ , I quickly realized that it wasn't all due to our performance, but to the power of the _________ like the Internet and the force of widespread communication, which brought us the _________ .

I often use the media to reach out to my _________ , because through it I am able to _________ different opinions to them. Most of the time, they don't realize it, but once I _________ the topic of media influence, they call it "magic".

In fact, the media has much ____________ now. It has become a channel of communication, and a powerful tool that____________ our views in society. It exists ____________ . In order to improve: my expectations as the "magician", I must be____________ in the media. As I explore the fields: of psychology, I come to ____________ more and more about media. It's ____________to see why so many compare it to "magic", because of its ____________ of influence. When the media can ____________ so many students together and lift the class spirits, it is fair to say that the media ____________ the title.

We live in a world ____________ with media, a world where the media constructs and represents reality. I am a member of this ____________ , and a student of the media.

1.

A．feared

B．proved

C．sweated

D．hesitated

2.

A．programs

B．spirits

C．purpose

D．competitions

3.

A．versions

B．trends

C．abilities

D．efforts

4.

A．Luckily

B．Generally

C．However

D．Otherwise

5.

A．media

B．dream

C．union

D．creativity

6.

A．target

B．story

C．difficulty

D．success

7.

A．pioneers

B．colleagues

C．members

D．parents

8.

A．lend

B．offer

C．donate

D．admit

9.

A．come across

B．give up

C．bring up

D．put aside

10.

A．influence

B．knowledge

C．advice

D．experience

11.

A．overcomes

B．cheats

C．hides

D．shapes

12.

A．everywhere

B．nowhere

C．someday

D．sometimes

13.

A．honest

B．fortunate

C．fluent

D．shallow

14.

A．worry

B．forget

C．arrange.

D．understand

15.

A．strange

B．easy

C．harmful

D．healthy

16.

A．character

B．force

C．status

D．present

17.

A．get

B．gain

C．approve

D．accept

18.

A．deserves

B．destroys

C．designs

D．denies

19.

A．compared

B．exchanged

C．competed

D．filled

20.

A．family

B．world

C．organization

D．community