1 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In the paper Power Gets You High by Gerben Van Kleef，he claims that high-power individuals tend to experience    1    (few) social restrictions and more resource-rich environments compared to their lower power counterparts. This means that people with a perceived high level of power are more likely to dismiss established social constructs. Whether it's intentional or not，high-power people place    2    (them) socially at a distance and tend to act on their own concepts，    3    they believe will help them gain control over valued resources.

2 . Empathy can give purpose to our lives and truly comfort people in distress, hut it can also do great harm. While showing an empathetic response to the tragedy and trauma of others can be helpful, it can also, if misdirected, turn us into what Professor James Dawes has called “emotional parasites.”

Empathy can make people angry — perhaps dangerously so — if they mistakenly perceive that another person is threatening a person they care for. For example, while at a public gathering, you notice a heavyset, casually dressed man who you think is “staring” at your pre-teenage daughter. While the man has remained expressionless and has not moved from his spot, your empathetic understanding of what he “might” be thinking of doing to your daughter drives you into a state of rage. While there was nothing in the man's expression or body language that should have led you to believe he intended to harm your daughter, your empathetic understanding of what was

Probably “going on inside his head” took you there, Danish family therapist Jesper Juul has referred to empathy and aggression (攻击性) as “existential twins.”

For years, psychologists have reported cases of overly empathetic patients endangering the well-being of themselves and their families by giving away their life savings to random needy individuals. Such overly empathetic people who feel they are somehow responsible for the distress of others have developed an empathy-based guilt.

The better-known condition of “survivor guilt” is a form of empathy-based guilt in which an empathetic person incorrectly feels that his or her own happiness has come at the cost or may have even caused another person's misery.

According to psychologist Lynn O’Connor, persons who regularly act out of empathy-based guilt, tend to develop mild depression in later-life.

Psychologists warn that empathy should never be confused with love. While love can make any relationship-good or bad — better, empathy cannot and can even hasten the end of a strained relationship. Essentially, love can cure, empathy cannot.

Rehabilitation and trauma counselor Mark Stebnicki coined the term “empathy fatigue” to refer to a state of physical exhaustion resulting from repeated or prolonged personal involvement in the chronic illness, disability, trauma, grief, and loss of others.

While more common among mental health counselors, any overly empathetic person can experience “empathy fatigue”. According to Stebnicki, “high touch” professionals like doctors, nurses, lawyers, and teachers tend to suffer from empathy fatigue, Paul Bloom, Ph.D., professor of psychology and cognitive science at Yale University, goes so far as to suggest that due to its inherent dangers, people need less empathy rather than more.

1. Empathy and aggression are regarded as “existential twins” because___________.

A．empathy can make people angry

B．empathy can be easily misunderstood

C．aggressive people often show more empathy

D．empathy and aggression always come together

2. According to the passage, what might be an example of empathy-based guilt?

A．People give away their savings to charity

B．One feels sorry for not paying off the debt.

C．One feels guilty for his/her own happiness.

D．Patients feel bad for having to be attended.

3. What might be the author’s attitude towards showing empathy?

A．Approving.	B．Neutral.
C．Optimistic.	D．Critical.

4. Which of the following would the author most likely agree with?

A．It might be better if we show less empathy.

B．Empathy and love both help boost happiness.

C．Empathy fatigue leads to illness and disability.

D．Well-meant empathy won't damage a relationship.

3 . The Flynn Effect

The Flynn effect， first described in the 1980sby researcher James Flynn， refers to the finding that scores on IQ tests have increased in the past century. One research paper， published by psychologist Lisa Trahan and her colleagues， combined the results of other published studies and found that IQ scores have indeed increased since the 1950s.    1    Trahan and her colleagues observed， “The existence of the Flynn effect is rarely disputed.”

    2    One explanation has to do with improvements in health and nutrition. For example， the past century has seen a decrease in smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy， improvements in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases， and improvements in nutrition. As Scott Barry Kaufman writes for Psychology Today， “The Flynn effect serves as a reminder that when we give people more opportunities to prosper， more people do prosper.”

    3    In a TED talk， Flynn explains that the world today is “a world where we've had to develop new mental habits， new habits of mind.” Flynn has found that IQ scores have increased the most rapidly on questions that ask us to find similarities between different things， and more abstract types of problem solving， both of which are things that we need to do more of in the modem world.

Several ideas have been brought up to explain why modern society might lead to higher scores on IQ tests. For example， today， many more of us have demanding， intellectually rigorous jobs. Schools have also changed：whereas a test at school in the early 1900s might have been more focused on memorization， a recent test might be more likely to focus on explaining the reasons for something.    4    Family sizes tend to be smaller， and it has been suggested that this may allow children to pick up on new vocabulary words while interacting with their parents. I's even been suggested that the entertainment we consume is more complex today.     5    

Therefore， both the education we receive and the society we live in shape our IQ in a way that we cannot imagine.

A．In other words， there is a lot about IQ that we may not know yet.

B．Another explanation for the Flynn effect has to do with societal changes

C．Researchers have put forward several theories to explain the Flynn effect.

D．Trying to understand and anticipate plot points may actually be making us smarter.

E．Although there have been exceptions， IQ scores have generally increased over time.

F．Additionally， more people today are likely to finish high school and go on to college.

G．The Flynn effect shows that human mind is more adaptable than we might have thought.

4 . More often than I care to admit， I’ll walk from one room to another with a clear vision in mind of whatever I need to do once I get there,but then I get there and can't remember why l started. The only thing that happened between my first movement and my last is that I walked through a doorway. Surely that has nothing at all to do with forgetting something I knew just moments before， right? Wrong， says new research. As it turns out,walking through a doorway exerts an imperceptible influence on memory. In fact, merely imagining walking through a doorway can zap (影响) memory.

Researchers in the latest study took their cue from an earlier study showing that passing through a doorway seems to insert a mental divider into memory,Our brains record memories in segments, or episodes, rather than as a continuous event. Walking through a doorway triggers memory segmentation, like a video editor inserting a momentary pause between scenes.

Even more curious is that imagining walking through a doorway has a similar effect. The research team brought two groups of participants into a larger room, One group experienced the room as a continuous space； the other walked through it after divider curtains were set up to simulate a doorway. The groups were then shown a picture of an unusually shaped object before closing their eyes and imagining walking across the room they'd seen earlier. The first group imagined the room as a big space with no physical dividers； the other imagined walking through the draped doorway. They were then asked to jog their memories and pick out the picture of the object from a set often images. As predicted， the group that imagined walking through a doorway performed significantly worse on the memory lest than the other group.

And this gets even weirder. If right now I started telling you a story about a boy and his dog, going on for a few paragraphs detailing all the things this boy and his dog do together， and then I suddenly inserted a phrase like “A few hours later...”——do you think your recall of what I just told you about the boy and his dog might be better or worse? Worse! Research has demonstrated that phrases which insert a temporal boundary between events in a narrative place the same sort of mental divider into memory as a doorway.

What all of this tells us is that our brains operate with certain mechanical dynamics that we generally only glimpse when they hiccup. So the next time you can't remember why you walked from one room to another， don’t be alarmed. Just remind yourself that your brain simply misconstrued instructions from your environment and thought that doorway meant you needed a memory divider.

1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Research subjects.	B．Research findings.
C．Research process.	D．Research significance.

2. It can be learnt from the passage that____________.

A．an imaginary doorway harms the brain

B．certain verbal language influences memory

C．brains record memories as a continuous event.

D．going back to a doorway helps regain I lost memory.

3. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Approaches to improve memory.

B．Factors that cause people's memory loss.

C．Ways to handle memory loss regarding doorways.

D．Reasons why people forget while entering a doorway.

5 . Paralympian Anastasia Pagonis’ remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at age 14. Granted, it’s a tough age for any teen, but dealing with a life-changing disability made things even more challenging.

“It took me about eight months to regroup myself,” she told TODAY, “and then I got it in my head, ‘Okay, I’m blind. Now what am I going to do with my life?”

A Long Island native, Pagonis practically grew up in the water. She’d taken up competitive freestyle swimming just a few months prior to going totally blind. While she excelled at the sport with limited vision, an “abusive team” atmosphere prompted her to quit competition.

After months of therapy, however, the persistent teen was ready to get back in the swim-only swimming wasn’t enough for Pagonis. She wanted to compete.

Now she was faced with another dilemma. “Nobody wanted to train the blind girl,” she recalled in an interview with TEAM USA. “I ended up after about eight months finding an amazing coach who was willing to train me and actually put on blackout goggles to try to figure out a way for me to swim.”

By the age of 16, Pagonis was earning a reputation as a fierce competitor, taking two gold medals at the World Para Swimming World Series in Australia. When Pagonis realized her experiences and positive outlook might be a boon(益处) to others, she eagerly stepped up as a role model. “I want to help people the way I needed help,” Pagonis told TEAM USA. “I started doing Instagram and social media and was soon getting a bunch of replies saying, ‘Wow! You really helped me get through bad things,’ or, ‘I was getting bullied in school and you helped me get through that,’ or, ‘You let me know how much I was worth.’”

Back in the water, Pagonis was truly in her element. “It’s my happy place,” she told TODAY. “It’s the place where I feel like I don’t have a disability and I feel like that’s the only place where I feel free. When I dive in the water, it’s just me in the pool and I feel such a connection with it. Sometimes you need to take a leap of faith because if you don’t try, you don’t know. Always follow your dreams.”

1. What difficulty did Pagonis face after she quit competition?

A．She had to wear goggles.

B．It was hard to find her a coach

C．Her skills weren’t useful in darkness.

D．She couldn’t do the freestyle anymore.

2. It can be learnt from the passage that Pagonis___________.

A．stopped swimming for two years

B．improved her vision by swimming

C．helped many people through difficulties

D．devoted herself to fighting against bullies

3. What does the underlined phrase in her element mean?

A．In a very good mood	B．Full of Confusion.
C．Confident of winning.	D．Happy to be special.

4. What does the story mainly tell us?

A．Team spirit is vital for winning-

B．Role models make us who we are.

C．A good teacher is the key to success.

D．Disability does not limit one’s success.

6 . 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

When you type CEO， CFO or CTO on your computer， notice what comes up. It is an emoji of a man in a suit. Shocking， right? Even an emoji can strengthen gendered stereotypes. However， most of us wouldn’t even notice. The hidden biases and stereotypes feed into such designs， and these images in turn encourage such biases，

Unconscious biases are everywhere. From the neighborhood we choose， the close friends we have， to the people we date. Though most of us have difficulty acknowledging it， we all do it. Gender， ethnicity， disability， profession etc.， all influence the assessments we make of people and form the basis of our relationship with others， and the world at large，

A Yale University study found that male and female scientists were more likely to hire men and pay them ＄4，000 more per year than women. Other research has shown that a science faculty rated male applicants for a laboratory manager position as significantly more competent and hirable than female applicants， Faculty also selected a higher starting salary and offered more career mentoring to the male applicant.

When this was explicitly pointed out to them， the faculty members were often shocked， as they hadn't realized their own internalized biases.

In a 2003 study， Sendhil and Marianne Bertrand， at the University of Chicago， mailed thousands of identical resumes to employers with job openings and measured which ones were called back for interviews. They randomly used stereotypically African-American names on some and stereotypically white names on others. They were shocked to find that roughly 50 percent were more likely to result in a call back for an interview if it had a “white” name.

This is what confirmation bias is， where people are more likely to choose or associate positive qualities to people more like themselves or belong to the same social and ethnic group as they do. This bias happens in a split-second， so while to an outsider， the bias maybe evident， the one holding this bias may or may not be doing so intentionally，

Even when we say that we are all open-minded and not prejudiced， it is clear these biases still creep upon us. This is why we need to examine our biases and be mindful of our hidden prejudices and the way they manifest themselves in words and actions.

1. Why does the writer use the example of “CEO， CFO， CTO” in Para， 1?
2. What does Para. 3 mainly tell us?
3. What is confirmation bias?
4. Do you consider yourself biased? Why or why not? (About 40 words)

7 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Chime bells, biān zhōng,are the most majestic and holy ancient instrument in China. As a symbol of power,they    1    (use) for sacrificial ceremonies or other crucial ceremonies. Starting 3,500 years ago,biān zhōng,were composed of bells    2    different scales. The bells are played by mallets (木槌) and create the sounds of seven musical scales, much like the piano. What's more amazing is that one bell can generate two notes when    3    (strike) at different spots. Its exquisite cast and pure sound revealed the high level of ancient Chinese civilization and wisdom.

8 . “Funny”, a made-in-China emoji, seems to have recently moved beyond China. Now, it is more than an emoji, but a cultural expansion.

● Reaching Global Markets

A series of “funny” emoji-based bolsters (抱枕) have attracted the attention of Japanese customers. Even if one bolster is more than three times as expensive as in China, it doesn’t kill their desires to buy it. One Japanese customer Miki said, “They are just so cute and I bought three bolsters at one time for my family. And every time I see them, my mood just brightens suddenly.”

A Japanese netizen Kiro Kara said, “I think the emoji implies very complicated meanings. My dad will send it when he doesn’t agree with someone but he has to say something and behave politely.”

● Addition to Domestic Social Media

Compared with Japanese impressions of the “funny” emoji, Chinese netizens prefer to use emoji to tease one another on social media.

One commonly seen online comment is, “We strongly suggest stopping the usage of the emoji. Because every time other people send me the emoji, I feel very uncomfortable and consider myself as a fool.”

Regarded as the most popular emoji, the “funny” emoji has received much attention since its release in 2013. In fact, the “funny” emoji is the updated version of its original one; “funny” has a smiley mouth, two eyebrows and a naughty look. All these characteristics present users a sense of satire (讽刺).

● In Everyday Use Abroad

It's not the first time the Chinese emoji takes the world stage. Earlier this year, one emoji from the Chinese basketball celebrity Yao Ming has been spread through the Middle East region. In a city in southern Egypt, Yao’s smiling emoji has appeared frequently in local traffic signs to remind people the road ahead is one-way. Many locals do not know Yao Ming but are familiar with his emoji and nickname “Chinese Funny Face”.

As a new online language, emojis have become a necessary part of people’s daily life, helping people express their views in a more vivid and precise way. Also, it can help foreigners learn about Chinese culture. But how to properly use “the fifth innovation in China” without hurting others and turn them into commercial advantages still need answers.

1. Why do the bolsters attract Miki’s attention?

A．They are inexpensive.

B．They help reach an agreement.

C．They help brighten the mood.

D．They are helpful to express desire.

2. According to the passage, which of following is the latest “funny” emoji?

A．	B．
C．	D．

3. The main purpose of the text is to         .

A．promote the emoji worldwide

B．teach us how to use the emoji

C．explain the meaning of emoji

D．show us the popularity of the emoji