| A．which | B．where | C．when | D．that |
| A．traditions | B．pressures | C．advances | D．examples |
| A．regardless of | B．rather than | C．due to | D．in terms of |
| A．that | B．what | C．which | D．who |
5 . Imagine two applicants are in a job interview: one expresses a great passion for the work, while the other points to family encouragement to pursue that field. Which applicant has a better chance of succeeding? Conventional wisdom suggests it would be the one who has a strong personal passion.
Passion is not a universally powerful basis of achievement, but the culture a person grew up in matters a lot. That means universities and companies that frequently rely on passion in candidates are pretermitting talented students and employees.
It seems that passion is a much stronger predictor of achievement in certain societies than others. “This leads to a blind spot among interviewers and is unfair to people from diverse backgrounds,” said Xingyu Li, the lead author of a new study. As a person coming from a collectivist (集体主义的) society, he knows exactly how people feel when they are rejected just because they are seemingly not as passionate as others. This research is novel for its using big data to compare a wider range of culturally diverse societies.
The researchers collected the data including scores from 1.2 million high school students across 59 countries. They found those who felt passionate about science, reading, or other subjects were more likely to be given better scores. This is quite true in individualist societies such as the United States and Australia, compared with collectivist countries such as China, Thailand, and Colombia, where the students felt that having family support for their interest was important.
Individualist countries regard the self as the source of motivation. For example, in the United States, doing well because of what others expect might seem to be evidence of a lack of potential. In collectivist societies, the self is inter-dependent, part of a web of relations, roles, and responsibilities. For instance, in the movie The Grandmaster, the legendary martial arts teacher Ip Man never said that he had a personal passion for kung fu. Rather, his drive to attain mastery came from the desire to live up to what his belt symbolized to his teacher and society.
The findings open up the possibility of designing educational interventions that don’t rely only on the western idea of cultivating (培育) passion. That helps better unlock the potential of our students and workforce.
1. Who is more likely to succeed in a job interview according to most employers?| A．Those who have a web of relations. | B．Those who are familiar with the company. |
| C．Those who gain much family encouragement. | D．Those who have great enthusiasm for the position. |
| A．Neglecting. | B．Harvesting. | C．Exploring. | D．Defending. |
| A．To clarify the link between students’ passion and academic performance. |
| B．To encourage people to learn the cultures of different countries. |
| C．To win people from different cultural contexts more chances of admission |
| D．To show the importance of big data in culture-related studies at particular. |
| A．An American. | B．A Colombian. | C．An Australian. | D．A Canadian. |
| A．The model of motivation varies from culture to culture. |
| B．The negative effects of societal expectations on individuals. |
| C．The role of self-realization matters in a person’s success and well-being. |
| D．The typical personality types in individualist countries and collectivist ones. |
| A．participation | B．ambition | C．affection | D．alternative |
1.海洋的重要性；
2.保护海洋的具体措施(不少于两条);
3.保护海洋的倡议。
注意：词数不少于100词；
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—______. She must be happy.
| A．It couldn’t be better | B．It’s a good deal |
| C．That all depends | D．Don’t bother |
| A．As | B．Which | C．It | D．What |
10 . Across the world, language and history are connected. As society and tradition change, new words or phrases are created to show the present cultural understanding. Some old phrases and words simply turn into the accepted usages with their backgrounds forgotten.
One such phrase “grandfathered in” has become a common one now. Although it often makes people think of the image of a gray-haired, older gentleman, who gets out of trouble because of his age, it actually means that one person or a business has the right to refuse the new rules.
A deeper look into the first use of the phrase shows an interesting story in history. It happened in a town in the 1980s, a new law was passed there not to allow illiterates (文盲) to participate in the making of rules as they couldn’t read or write and might not help in the process. The limit was potent because except for the old and children, there were close to 30 percent of young adults in the town who had little or no education. Being strong and energetic, they made up an important part of the town’s development.
Considering that, some officers in the town didn’t readily accept the rule. Instead, they carefully gave their advice to the head of the town. At the same time, they encouraged these young adults to pass the literacy (读写能力) tests. Thus a “grandfather clause (条款)” was added to allow illiterates to participate as long as they or their grandfathers had once been participants. The clause no doubt helped remove the unfairness and benefited all.
The phrase “grandfathered in” is of course still widely used today without being limited to a certain field. But even as culture and tradition change, whether we’re aware of it or not, language has the power to hold our history.
1. According to Paragraph 1, what has happened to some old phrase with time going?| A．They have got lost in history. |
| B．Few people can use them correctly. |
| C．They are rarely used in popular culture. |
| D．Few people know much about their history. |
| A．an old man dislikes new rules |
| B．a person is free from new rules |
| C．a business has a long history and culture |
| D．a businessman fails to follow the market rules |
| A．annoying. | B．powerful. | C．depressing. | D．reasonable. |
| A．Funny. | B．Incorrect. | C．Positive. | D．Disappointing. |
| A．Language and history are always connected. |
| B．The birth of some phrases can be interesting. |
| C．History plays an important role in communication. |
| D．Some phrases are created to show the present culture. |
