1 . The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbors ignored — and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs — the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
(1) women are helped more than men;
(2) men help more than women;
(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.

Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.

       According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
(1) “Shifting of responsibility”— the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people’ there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
(2) “Fear of making a mistake” — situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an accident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
(3) “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”

Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention (介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved, and a fight would easily follow.”

Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety: These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”

1. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Pretty women are more likely to be helped.

B．People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.

C．Religious people are more likely to look on.

D．Criminals are more likely to harm women.

2. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?

A．Sex.

B．Nationality.

C．Profession.

D．Setting.

3. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?

A．When one is in trouble, people think it’s his own fault.

B．In a football match, people get involved in a fight.

C．Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.

D．On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.

4. The author wrote this article ______.

A．to explain why bystanders behave as they do

B．to urge people to stand out when in need

C．to criticize the selfishness of bystanders

D．to analyze the weakness of human nature

2 . —How many students do you think will be present at the meeting?
—I expect ______ 20 students at the meeting.

A．there being	B．there to be
C．there be	D．there been

3 . Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.

Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell(牢房) and have used colour psychology to decorate them.

Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost off5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）, Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour. Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness.

The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a"live scan" system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest. An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened.

Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour. Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm. It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness.It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration.

Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect.

Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an"energy force", She said: "Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication.”

Yellow, she said, affected the mind. Red on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression. Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells. Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.

1. The expression"tip the balance" in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_________.

A．let suspects keep their balance.

B．make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court.

C．help suspects to confess their crimes.

D．enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours.

2. Which of the following colours should not be used in cells according to the passage?

A．Pink.	B．Red.
C．Blue.	D．Yellow.

3. Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing？

A．Royal blue lines.	B．Scanning equipment.
C．Glass doors.	D．Yellow frames.

4. The passage is mainly concerned with__________.

A．the relationship between colours and psychology.

B．a comparison of different functions of colours.

C．scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison.

D．the use of colours in cells to affect criminals psychology.

4 . Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre and Exhibition Tour

Overview

Shakespeare’s Globe Exhibition is the world’s largest exhibition devoted to Shakespeare. Located beneath the reconstructed Globe Theatre on London’s Bankside, the exhibition explores the remarkable story of the Globe, and brings Shakespeare’s world to life using a range of interactive displays and live demonstrations.

Highlights

Tour the reconstructed Globe Theatre and see how plays were staged in Shakespeare’s day

All-day access to the interactive Globe Exhibition

Actors, recordings and interactive displays bring Shakespeare’s world to life

Schedule
April 23 to October 9

9:00am to 5:00pm. On Monday, tours run all day. Tuesday to Saturday, last tour departs at 12:30pm and at 11:30am on Sunday due to performances taking place on these days.

October 10 to March 31

10:00am to 5:00pm.

Important note:

Rehearsals(排练) will also take place throughout the Theatre Season. Please note that access to the Globe Theatre may be restricted and there may be occasions when the Globe tours are unable to run. When the Globe tours are not available, Rose or Bankside tours can be offered instead.

Additional info

Inclusions:   Entrance fee and all day access to Exhibition

Guided tour of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre (maximum 50 people)

Exclusions(不包含项目):   Hotel pickup and drop off

Food and drinks, unless specified

Pricing

Click the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible - we 100% guarantee it.

VIEW PRICING AND AVAILABLE

Theatre Tour and Exhibition	Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Tour and Exhibition	$22.34
Theatre Tour and Afternoon Tea	Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Tour and Exhibition plus Afternoon Tea at 3:00pm in the Swan Brasserie or Bar.	$62.89

1. The passage can be found ___________.

A．in a newspaper	B．in a magazine
C．on the Internet	D．in a guidebook

2. In this Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Tour, we can _________.

A．visit the original Globe Theatre

B．enjoy a British afternoon tea for free

C．experience Shakespeare’s world in an interactive way

D．visit the exhibition in the Globe Theatre

3. What is true about the tour according to the passage?

A．Rehearsals may affect the tour.

B．The pricing remains the same.

C．Performances take place throughout the year.

D．The opening hours are the same in May and in November.

5 . The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing — Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.

Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them — and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep enemy insects away from where their aphids (蚜虫) feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.

1. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its________.

A．digital products	B．user information
C．physical assets	D．quality service

2. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may________.

A．worsen political disputes	B．mess up customer records
C．pose a risk to Facebook users	D．mislead the European commission

3. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because________.

A．they are no defined as customers	B．they are not financially reliable
C．these services are generally digital	D．the services are paid for by advertisers

4. The ants analogy is used to illustrate_________.

A．a win-win business model between digital giants

B．a typical competition pattern among digital giants

C．the benefits provided for digital giants' customers

D．the relationship between digital giants and their users

6 . I'll admit I've never quite understood the obsession (难以破除的成见) surrounding genetically modified (GM) (改变) crops.To environmentalist opponents,GM foods are simply evil,an understudied,possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural businesses to control global seed markets and beat local farmers.They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise,that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients.To supporters,GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population.But more than that,supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-science,no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change.

For both sides,GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you're pro-agricultural business or anti-science.But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods,which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy.The conclusion: while GM crops haven’t yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses,there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feeding a growing planet.

That doesn't mean GM crops are perfect,or a one-size-fits-all solution to global agriculture problems.But anything that can increase farming efficiency—the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land—will be extremely useful.GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools, but so will traditional plant breeding,improved soil and crop management—and perhaps most important of all,better storage and transport infrastructure (基础设施) especially in the developing world.(It doesn't do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa to produce more food if they can't get it to hungry consumers.) I'd like to see more non-industry research done on GM crops—not just because we'd worry less about prejudice,but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn't be the only entities (实体) working to harness genetic modification.I'd like to see GM research on less commercial crops,like corn.I don't think it's vital to label GM ingredients in food,but I also wouldn't be against it—and industry would be smart to go along with labeling,just as a way of removing fears about the technology.

Most of all,though,I wish a tenth of the energy that's spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on those more pressing challenges for global agriculture.There are much bigger battles to fight.

1. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?

A．They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.

B．They are used by big businesses to dominate agriculture.

C．They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.

D．They pose a big threat to current farming practice.

2. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate?

A．Breaking the GM food monopoly (垄断).	B．More friendly exchange of ideas.
C．Regulating GM food production.	D．More scientific research on GM crops.

3. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?

A．It has to depend more and more on GM technology.

B．It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.

C．GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.

D．Whatever is useful to improve farming efficiency should be encouraged.

4. What does the author think of the ongoing debate around GM crops?

A．It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.

B．It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.

C．Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.

D．Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. perspectives	B. explore	C. qualities	D. powerfully	E. appreciate	F.   purpose
G. constructive	H. concepts	I. demonstrated	J. motivated	K.   recommendation

Dear Admissions Committee,

I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult     1     and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression — both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest     2     as a student and writer. 

Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the     3     behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical     4     to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and    5     about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to     6    art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.

Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as    7     by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara     8     this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all     9     that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.

I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out     10     feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@gmail.com.

Sincerely,

Ms. Scribe

English Teacher

Mark Twain High School

8 .

I used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones marching across my kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figured they had a plan, knew where they were going and what needed to be done. How else could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?

Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren’t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiers after all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don’t have a clue. “If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you’ll be impressed by how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.

“Ants aren’t smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve problems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.

Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive (蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group’s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.

1. The author’s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.

A．smart

B．awkward

C．elaborate

D．creative

2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.

B．Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.

C．The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.

D．An individual ant can’t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.

3. The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.

A．where we can observe such fantastic behavior of ants

B．which is the leading ant in charge of the action

C．how the collective intelligence works

D．what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilities

9 . What Does the Length of Your Fingers Say About You?

Are you the peace-loving type or the ambitious go-getter? Your finger length might be a clue. Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality? I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it is exactly correct for me. Here’s how it works.

Look at your three middle fingers of your hand. Is your index finger longer than your ring finger? Is your ring finger longer than your index finger? Or are the two of the same length? Find the situation that best matches your hand and see if what follows is an accurate description of your personality.

Longer ring finger: The Sweet Talker

If your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that you’re likely a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. Others often find this personality type irresistible and will go to great lengths to help you. You’re more likely to take risks, and you’re good at problem-solving. People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers.

Longer index finger: The (Over) Confident One       

If your index finger is longer than your ring finger, chances are you are full of confidence—possibly even to the point of being over-confident and proud. You are not necessarily introverted (内向的), but you do enjoy time to yourself, especially when you’re trying to complete a project. You are a dream pursuer who can make things happen, but you may be shy when it comes to taking the first step in a relationship. You are also probably happy with what you have, but you’re always wishing for more.

Index and ring finger are of the same length: The Peacemaker

If your index finger and ring finger are roughly of the same length, you are likely to avoid conflict at all costs and seek to keep the peace in your relationships. You are well-organized, faithful and sympathetic. But deep down under all of that caring and peace-loving, you also have a hot-tempered side that can appear unexpectedly when you’re pushed too far. You will try your hardest to avoid a fight.

How well do these descriptions match your personality? I was surprised at the accuracy in my case, but I’m not going to tell you which one it was!

1. Which of the following hand could be an engineer’s hand?

A．

B．

C．

D．

2. We can learn from the passage that the author ______.

A．is very charming and helpful	B．always tries hard to avoid a fight
C．often takes silly tests on Facebook	D．thinks the descriptions suit him well

3. What does the passage intend to tell us?

A．How accurate the description of the test is.

B．The length of fingers can reveal personality.

C．Why your fingers are not of the same length.

D．Personality is determined by your finger length.

4. Where can you probably find the text?

A．A popular magazine.	B．An official report.
C．A public advertisement.	D．A biology textbook.

10 . Everyone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The little headline said: BOXER RECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.

Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found guilty of the murder of Albert Gumming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury (陪审团) reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most severe punishment to the court. It was, said the Judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Gumming. When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking.

Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. Asked if he had anything to say, Cleary answered, “Just don’t tell my mother.”

“It happened over three years ago,” Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. “Just don’t tell my mother,” said Fee numbly (麻木地). “And no one did! Oh, God! My poor, poor Frank!”

Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. “Fee, pack your things. We’ll go to see him.”

She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. “I can't go,” she said without a hint of pain, yet making everyone feel that the pain was there. “It would kill him to see me. I know him so well — his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he wants. We’ve got to help him keep his secret. What good will it do him to see us?”

Paddy was still weeping, not for Frank, but for the life which had gone from Fee’s face, for the dying in her eyes. Frank had always brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fee and himself. He was the cause of her withdrawal from his heart and the hearts of his children. Every time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away. But Paddy’s love for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was for Frank.

So he said, “Well, Fee, we won’t go. But we must make sure he is taken care of. How about if I write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?”

There was no excitement in the eyes, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks. “Yes, Paddy, do that. Only make sure he knows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think for certain that we don’t know.”

1. Paddy cried because he thought ________.

A．what had happened to Frank was killing Fee

B．Frank should have told Fee what had happened

C．Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishment

D．Frank had always been a man of bad moral character

2. The underlined sentence “She half-rose before sinking back...” in Paragraph 6 shows that ________.

A．Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand up

B．Fee didn’t want to upset Paddy by visiting Frank

C．Fee struggled between wanting to see Frank and respecting his wish

D．Fee couldn’t leave her family to go to see Frank

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The jury and the judge agreed on the Boxer’s Sentence of Life Imprisonment.

B．Frank didn’t want his family to know the sentence to him, most probably out of his pride.

C．The family didn’t find out what had happened to Frank until 3 years later.

D．The police found Gumming unconscious, heavily struck by Frank.

4. What is Frank and Paddy’s probable relationship with Fee?

A．Frank is Fee’s son and Paddy is Fee’s brother.

B．Frank is Fee’s lover and Paddy is Fee’s husband.

C．Frank is Fee’s brother and Paddy is Fee’s lover.

D．Frank is Fee’s son and Paddy is Fee’s husband.