1 . For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.

Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.

This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.

Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).

Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.

1. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior?

A．They are interested in acting.	B．They are shy with the strangers.
C．They are fond of their playmates.	D．They are tired of playing games.

2. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids?

A．Design games for them.	B．Find them suitable playmates.
C．Play together with them.	D．Help them understand social rules.

3. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4?

A．Giving examples.	B．Explaining concepts.
C．Providing evidence.	D．Making comparisons.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．How Children Adapt to Changes	B．How to Be a Role Model for Children
C．How Your Baby Learns to Love	D．How to Communicate with Your Kid

3 . A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.

In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.

Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link. between “water” and “wet”. “Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to. explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Turner said. But that’s exactly what the researchers found.

The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the task easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans.

What’s interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.

1. What is the purpose of the new study?

A．To test a theory.	B．To evaluate a model.
C．To employ a strategy.	D．To involve an approach.

2. What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment?

A．Draw circles.

B．Correct errors.

C．Copy gestures.

D．Identify images.

3. What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study?

A．They are of equal intelligence.

B．They are good at making rules.

C．They respond rapidly to orders from humans.

D．They employ simple ways to get things done.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Pigeons’ trial-and-error method is revealed

B．Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks

C．“Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI

D．AI models after pigeons’ learning approach

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A group of dancers performed the traditional Chinese Puning Yingge folk dance in London last Saturday     1    (celebrate) Chinese New Year and offer people a cultural feast.

    2    (hold) a pair of short sticks, the performers, with their faces painted, jumped and swung the sticks     3    (skillful) while walking and dancing, all to the sound of drums, gongs, and shouts. The 16 dancers come from the Chaoshan region of South China’s Guangdong province, the place     4     the dance originated, and traveled to England to spread     5    (wish) of good fortune in the Year of the Dragon to people in the United Kingdom.

The Puning Yingge dance, which is listed as national intangible cultural heritage in China, dates back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and     6    (consider) the dance of warriors because of its close association     7     the classic novel about Chinese heroism Water Margin. Through a     8    (combine) of opera, dance, and martial arts, the dance evokes(唤起)the fighting spirit of the characters in the story, said Chen Laifa, a nationally     9    (recognize) inheritor(继承人)of the Puning Yingge dance and leader of the team of performers.

Many members of the dance team are not full-time performers,     10     ordinary people who earn their living by doing a range of jobs, including car retailing, running online stores, and managing small businesses, Chen said.

5 . The Importance of Handwriting is Becoming Better Understood

As primary-school pupils and PhD hopefuls return for a new school year, many will study with reliance on computers to take notes and write papers.     1    University professors complain of rampant distractions in classrooms, with students reading and messaging instead of listening to lectures.

    2     Studies have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to imparting a better conceptual grasp of complicated ideas.

The benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The arrangement of squiggles (涂鸦) on a page feeds into visual memory.     3    

One of the best-demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in superior note-taking.When primary-school pupils and PhD hopefuls take notes, handwriting forces students to synthesise (合成) ideas into their own words. This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing.     4    

Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have taken note. Though America’s “Common Core” curriculum from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade (roughly age six), about half the states since then have required more teaching of it, thanks to campaigning by researchers and handwriting supporters.     5     England’s national curriculum already prescribes teaching the rudiments of cursive by age seven.

A．However, note-taking by hand takes longer time.

B．One solution to the complaints may be handwriting.

C．A line of research shows the benefits of computers replacing handwriting.

D．Some parents are disturbed that their children are playing games on laptops in class.

E．And those taking notes by hand also perform better on tests when they review notes.

F．In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices.

G．People might remember a word they wrote down in class as being at the bottom-left on a page.

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

6-year-old Quinn Hill became her family’s hero when she took immediate action during an emergency that saved her mother’s life with the help of her neighbor, Mrs. Smith.

Jennifer, a 39-year-old single mother, began the day by sending her child, Hill, to school. Having no idea what would happen, Jennifer was filled with anxiety. After all, it was the first day of a new school year for Hill, a fresh start! On the way school. she repeatedly reminded Hill to solve problems positively and fit in. Though worried, Jennifer had to wave goodbye to her daughter, watching her towards the school gate.

The whole day was packed with housework. Jennifer tidied the house, washed clothes, and prepared for the evening meal. As the school bell rang, signaling the end of the day, Jennifer picked Hill up from school. On seeing Jennifer, Hill couldn’t wait to hug her, sharing the school experiences. Chatting and laughing accompanied them all the way. Hill’s innocent laughter was like Jennifer’s ray of sunshine.   

Approaching home, they encountered Mrs. Smith, a most kind and thoughtful housewife living in their neighborhood for many years. Mrs. Smith often invited Jennifer and Hill to her home and shared her homemade desserts and cookies. The two families developed a close relationship and Hill liked to stay with Mrs. Smith, who always brightened her days with willingness and timely help. After exchanging greetings, they went back to their own homes.

On arriving home, Jennifer set out to prepare dinner. As the sun began to set, the house was full of a pleasant smell of cooking food. Jennifer and Hill sat at the kitchen table when Jennifer suddenly began to seize. She was sitting in a chair, looking up at the ceiling. and experiencing abnormal breathing. She then fell out of the chair onto her left side, her hands balled into fists, and her body was shaking violently. Her eyes were open, and Hill kept calling “Mommy, Mommy”, but she could not respond.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Realizing the severe situation, Hill ran out for help.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jennifer finally came to herself in the hospital.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . Population：Is 8 billion people too many?

The world’s population has reached 8 billion people.     1     because of longer life expectancy, fewer child deaths, and increasingly effective health-care systems. The UN secretary general, Antonio Gutters, declared it “an occasion to celebrate”.     2    . When the global population hit 4, 5, 6 and 7 billion, in 1975, 1987, 1999 and 2011 respectively, there was widespread dismay. The doubling of our numbers in 47 years did not bring about the famines and other disasters widely predicted in the 1960s. Our ability to feed ourselves has grown faster than our population has. Therefore, every projection of a limit to Earth’s human population, or assumed “ideal number”, has been wrong.

    3    , with fertility rates dropping below the replacement rate of 2.1 children per woman. Most of the ongoing growth is occurring in developing nations in Africa and Asia. In the developing world, though, things are about to change. The average woman in Tanzania in 2020 was a mother to four children, 9% down on a decade earlier. UN projections predict that it will fall to an average of 2.3 children in 2080.    4    . And over the next 70 years, “societal aging” will become a major problem. When there are far more old people than young, there aren’t enough workers to pay into pension systems, threatening their collapse. This phenomenon is already underway in the U.S., Europe, Japan and China.

For now, we can both acknowledge the downsides of the 8 billionth human and believe this is an occasion worth celebrating.    5    . In that sense, it’s a good thing that millions of new people — with their new ideas and fresh energy — are on the way.

A．We’ve reached this milestone

B．Actually, some population alarmism is appropriate

C．The end of population expansion is now foreseeable

D．The truth is that the population in developed nations has remained stable

E．With any luck, the massive challenge of global aging will spur innovation

F．The increasing global population will put more pressure on resources and produce far more emissions

G．In contrast, various experts have been put forward “nightmare consequences” about overpopulation since 1960s

8 . Harvesting fruits is a very demanding job. If pickers are not available, fruits will rot on the trees. But with pickers in short supply in recent years, growers needed to quickly find another way to harvest their fruits.     1    

An Israeli company Tevel has developed these flying autonomous robots. The robots fly over a tree and pick fruits with its arms. They are fitted with cameras that use AI to assess the size and color of the fruit.     2     In addition, they can collect more fruits than a picker during a given time.

    3     The flying robots are connected to a platform that acts as the power source so that they never run out of power. They will work all day and night in any weather without taking a break.

Dozens of these smart robots can be used across an orchard (果园) during the time when the fruit is ready to be harvested. The farmers just need to tell the company how many flying robots they need and how long they will use.       4    

The robots arc now picking pears in Israel. The company also plans to add more tasks to the robot’s function.     5     In the future, fewer people will work in picking and more people will work in managing the robots, analyzing the data and making decisions.

A．So only the ripe ones are collected.

B．Now a new type of robot can come to their help.

C．Finding fruit pickers is farmers’ biggest concern.

D．They can receive timely information from the robots.

E．Another advantage of the robots is that they never feel tired.

F．Then the company will transport the robots to their orchards.

G．For example, they can be used to cut off branches and water fruits.

9 . Dan Mancina is a professional skateboarder known for being visually impaired and sharing clips of his skating on Instagram. He has a large following of fans, all _________to see his skillful tricks. And videos of him using his walking stick a she boards inspires curiosity and _________from fans around the world.

The Michigan native started skating at 7, and took it more _________at 13, developing a love for the sport which he says helps him express himself. A rare genetic eye disease began to_________his vision at 15, and after a year and a half, he completely lost his _________.

He stopped skating for a couple of years. This was the _________point of his life._________letting his blindness dominate what he could or would do, he gradually_________to doing what he loved—spending time outdoors.

One day, he wanted to see if he could still skate, so he _________a video of a trick, which eventually got __________on social media and received great feedback. That inspired him to try a bit more, and slowly he got back into skateboarding.

In order to help make skateboarding more __________to people with vision impairments, Dan has started a fundraising__________to build the world’s first adaptive skate park. Mancina has __________around $40,000 for the park. He hopes to be__________skate workshops for visually impaired kids by next spring or summer.

“I’m honored I can be a (n)__________for our community. Never let others define you and what you are capable of,” he said.

1.

A．eager

B．nervous

C．cautious

D．hesitant

2.

A．gratitude

B．admiration

C．reflection

D．approval

3.

A．exactly

B．severely

C．honestly

D．seriously

4.

A．earn

B．check

C．affect

D．promote

5.

A．fortune

B．temper

C．thought

D．sight

6.

A．lowest

B．starting

C．finishing

D．highest

7.

A．Other than

B．Apart from

C．Rather than

D．Regardless of

8.

A．objected

B．returned

C．admitted

D．contributed

9.

A．filmed

B．developed

C．watched

D．replaced

10.

A．imitated

B．changed

C．shared

D．involved

11.

A．achievable

B．affordable

C．bearable

D．accessible

12.

A．permission

B．competition

C．assignment

D．campaign

13.

A．raised

B．distributed

C．spent

D．wasted

14.

A．examining

B．running

C．counting

D．exploring

15.

A．signal

B．alarm

C．voice

D．surprise