1 . Despite nutrition experts’ best efforts to educate people about the dangers of a diet filled with processed food, it appears that the world doesn’t want to listen. Medical specialists point out that, although eating too much unhealthy food is likely to be as dangerous in the long term as smoking, regular consumption of high-calorie food has somehow become more socially ________ than ever. While local authorities in some towns and cities have taken measures to fight the rise in this trend by ________ the number of fast food outlets permitted to be open at the same time, critics argue that people have every right to make their own decisions about what they eat and how they choose to live. However, the way in which we have come to eat a lot of takeaways isn’t only a(n) ________ issue of weight gain, or of buying larger clothes. The consequences of mass overconsumption should strike ________ into the hearts of everyone.

Research suggests that there is an evolutionary reason as to why people ________ overeat—it is simply part of our inborn behaviour. When humans evolved, we did not have the adequate supply of food that we enjoy today, and so eating was more about ________ than pleasure. We became more likely to choose high-calorie foods, with high fat content, that could ________ us through cold winters when the supply of nourishment became inadequate. This explains why a 600-calorie burger seems so ________ : it makes us feel well fed and inspires contentment. Processed food ________ the reward response in our brains, so we feel obliged to overeat, and not necessarily in a healthy way. Junk food acts as a trigger (触发器) for chemicals such as the ‘feel good’ dopamine to flood through the brain and cause a sensation of happiness. ________, high amounts of sugar and sodium (one of the chemicals in salt and other ingredients of fast food) cause a huge rise in blood sugar, pushing it to unnatural levels.

This occurs within the first few moments of eating a high-calorie meal. From there, routinely processing such high levels of sodium is ________. The body’s organs are pushed beyond their ________ ability to do so. The kidneys (肾脏) cannot remove all the extra salt from the blood, and thus extra sodium causes the heart to pump faster while transporting blood through the veins (血管). There are multiple dangers of high blood pressure, especially for the elderly and in the long term. Sodium ________ in such quantities can lead to dehydration, a condition whose symptoms are extremely similar to hunger, and this leads to a painful truth: as soon as you have finished your junk food meal, you immediately start to ________ another. Thereafter, the body starts to digest the food. Usually, this takes between 4 and 12 hours, but with fast food, where the fat content is so much higher, the same ________ lasts at least three days.

1.

A．worthwhile

B．acceptable

C．relevant

D．responsible

2.

A．declaring

B．estimating

C．increasing

D．limiting

3.

A．alternative

B．meaningless

C．collective

D．personal

4.

A．boredom

B．relief

C．fear

D．satisfaction

5.

A．compulsively

B．reluctantly

C．defensively

D．objectively

6.

A．appetite

B．evolution

C．survival

D．fighting

7.

A．sustain

B．please

C．guide

D．supply

8.

A．tremendous

B．surprising

C．attractive

D．expensive

9.

A．stimulates

B．guarantees

C．produces

D．illustrates

10.

A．Predictably

B．Therefore

C．Comparatively

D．Meanwhile

11.

A．inevitable

B．impossible

C．significant

D．powerful

12.

A．natural

B．superior

C．minimum

D．learned

13.

A．turned up

B．passed down

C．looked over

D．taken in

14.

A．offer

B．prepare

C．desire

D．share

15.

A．symptom

B．process

C．damage

D．hunger

2 . How to Feel Connected

It's easy to feel disconnected from what is going on around you in today's fast-paced world.     1     You can get in touch and feel connected, however, by following the tips below:

Consider why you feel disconnected. Knowing what is making you feel disconnected can help you choose the best ways to address it.     2     Ask yourself these questions: Are you keeping yourself occupied with work too much? Do you rely on electronic communication instead of face to face communication? Do you lack friendships that are satisfying?

Interact with people in person. Technology is a great way to stay in touch, but sometimes you need to spend time with other people in person.     3     You can also take steps to feel more connected by making small-talk with strangers who are sharing parts of your day.

    4    

Your loved ones could feel shy, so you may never know how to improve your relationship unless you ask the right questions. Asking them to open the doors can give you some insight on what you can do. Learning this information can help to strengthen your bond.

Show your commitment to them. Simply showing up and being there for your loved ones says a lot about how much you value your relationships. Putting in the time shows them that you are committed and want to stay connected.     5    

Show appreciation. A simple “thank you” goes a very long way. Unfortunately, it is something that people who are close often take for granted. Telling someone you appreciate their time, love, and efforts can strengthen your bond and help you to become more connected.

A．Ask others what they need from you.

B．Sometimes you can feel isolated and distant from the ones you love.

C．Be brave to express your love.

D．Reach out to people to schedule a time to get together.

E．Attending family events, or simply visiting someone once a week can help to strengthen your relationship and keep it strong.

F．Targeting your efforts toward those issues allows you to close that distance more effectively.

G．You can have a gift delivered to friends on special occasions.

3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I am a doctor, so I love my job. I always have, but I feel particularly proud to do it at the moment. With COVID-19 sweeping through Wuhan, people are avoiding hospitals as possible they can. However, pregnant women still need to come into the hospital. Babies still need to be born.

Right now, it is even scarier for these women, as they have to come in on their own, often feeling frightened. Their families are separated from them due to safety measures. We’ve always provided physical support, but now we are doing so on a different level — we also have to keep them company and offer emotional support. Unfortunately, some of the women have caught corona-virus, and being at the hospital puts me at risk. Personally, I feel protected because we have full personal protective equipment, which we wear all through our 13-hour shifts. You don’t know if someone is carrying corona-virus or not.

I didn’t want to put my family in danger by bringing the virus home and possibly passing it on to them. As a single parent to my children, Xiaohua, 12 years old, and Xiaoyong, 9, I realized I had to make a very tough decision about my family’s safety when the country went into lockdown. Giving up work wasn’t an option for me. I wanted to be able to look after the women who were feeling poorly and very scared, but I could not leave my little angels behind either.

At this point, my sister suggested that the children stay with her and her husband for the time being and leave me to my hospital duties. I thought it was a great idea, so we set a date for her to pick them up. When I explained the situation to my angels and told them they needed to stay with their aunt for a while, they both seemed upset, but agreed to go. On the day I saw them off, they kept looking back at me until they were too far to be seen.

注意：
1、续写词数应为150左右；
2、请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

After that, my workload increased because some of my coworkers fell ill.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A week later, it came to Xiaoyong’s birthday.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . 假如你是高二1班学生李华，学校校报征集题为“你心中的成功人士”的稿件，请你根据以下表格所提示内容介绍“人民英雄”张定宇的事迹。向校报投稿。

A successful person in my mind

基本信息	武汉市金银潭医院院长。 1963年12月出生于河南
主要事迹和所做贡献	1986年毕业于同济医科大学，成为一名医生； 1997-1999年参加中国援助阿尔及利亚医疗队（Algeria）； 2016年成为武汉金银潭医院院长； 2018年被诊断为渐冻症（be diagnosed with ALS）；仍然全身心地投入工作，帮助新冠患者得到及时救治； 2020年在疫情防控工作中做出突出贡献。
对他的评价和 荣誉称号	一个斗士 2020年8月被授予“人民英雄”国家荣誉称号
从他身上，你对成功的理解	……

参考词汇：
同济医科大学：Tongji Medical College 武汉金银潭医院：Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
院长：president /head                           人民英雄：the People’s Hero                  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . Artificial—intelligence systems like Grammarly, an automated grammar—checker, are trained with data. for instance, translation software is fed sentences translated by humans, Grammarly's training data involve a large number of standard error—free sentences and human—corrected sentences.     1     The software then looks at a user's writing: if a line of words seems ungrammatical, it tries to spot how the generally supposed   mistake is most closely similar to   one from its training inputs.

    2     Advances in language technology have been impressive in, for example, speech recognition, which involves another sort of statistical guess—whether or not a stretch of sound matches a certain line of words.     3     . It can rate the tone of an email before you send it, after being trained on texts that have been assessed by humans, for example as “admiring” or “confident”.

But grammar is the real magic of language, joining words into structures, joining those structures into sentences, and doing so in a way that maps onto meaning.     4     . Computers can analyse grammatical sentences fairly well, labeling things like nouns and verb phrases. But they struggle with sentences that are difficult to analyse, precisely because they are ungrammatical—in other words, written by the kind of person who needs Grammarly.

    5     But computers don't work in meaning or intention, they work in formulae（惯用语）. Humans, by contrast, can usually understand even sentences that are not grammatically correct, because of the ability to guess the contents of other minds. Grammar—checking computers illustrate not how bad humans are with language, but just how good.

A．Grammarly can seem to miss more errors than it marks.

B．One Grammarly feature that works fairly well is feeing analysis.

C．To correct such writing requires knowing what the writer intended.

D．Grammarly has some obvious strengths in understanding meaning or intentions.

E．Computers outpace humans at problems that can be solved with pure maths.

F．Developers also add certain rules to the patterns Grammarty has taught itself.

G．In this decisive structure—meaning connection, machines are no match for humans.

6 . 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

When I was 19, I spent part of my summer at an adventure camp on Vancouver Island, supervising (照料) a group of 10-year-old girls. Towards the end of the first week, I took them on a camping. By six in the evening, we’d climbed a small mountain. The peak had trees on one side and bald rock on the other. I let the girls play in the wooded area while I arranged things for dinner.

When the screaming started, I wasn’t too alarmed-I could see my group tearing through the bush and thought they’d just disturbed a bees’ nest. As the first girl appeared, I asked what was going on. “Wildcat!” she gasped. The image in my head was of a house cat gone wild, but with her next breath she added, “It’s attacking Alyson.” I told the girls to climb on to the rocks and then ran to where they’d been playing. Alyson was lying by bush. She was on her back, eyes wide, staring at a huge cat beside her. The cat was watching me.

Anyone familiar with westerns will have seen a cougar (美洲狮) — the mountain lion that springs from the rock face on to the passerby. We’d been told how to deal with bears: “Keep still, back up, make yourself look big.” But we hadn’t covered cougars. I grabbed a stick and swung it into the animal’s face. Startled, it took off into the bushes.

Seeing that Alyson was hurt, I set off for the first-aid box, but hadn’t gone four steps when I heard a moan. Turning back, I saw the cougar crouched (蹲伏) by Alyson’s head. It appeared to be eating her. This time I used a bigger stick, hit harder and held on. Once again, it disappeared, and I knelt by Alyson.

“There’s no way someone can live through this,” I thought. The cat had torn deep into her neck. She had long cuts on her face. “Am I going to die?” she asked. Her heartbeat was racing but weak, the sign of a heart trembling from shock.

注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:

“You’re not going to die,” I said.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

From my branch I could see some people moving on a nearby mountain.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.

Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.

What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children in early adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.

Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must follow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.

Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.

Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.

1. According to the passage, education technology can ________.

A．decrease teachers’ working load

B．facilitate personalized learning

C．help standardize curriculums

D．be loved by schoolchildren

2. Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?

A．The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.

B．Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.

C．Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.

D．Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.

3. The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.

A．at the service of teaching

B．limited in use among pupils

C．aimed at narrowing the wealth gap

D．in line with students’ learning styles

4. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To stress the importance of edtech.

B．To introduce the application of edtech.

C．To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.

D．To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.

8 . In the 1966 science-fiction movie One Million Years B. C., the movie characters had a time travel and arrived in an ancient landscape inhabited by dinosaurs and early humans. The movie was low on science and high on fiction: by then dinosaurs were long dead and modern humans were millions of years away.

A more accurate picture of Earth’s inhabitants at the time is now being revealed. In research published in Nature, a team of scientists led by Anders Gotherstrom at the University of Stockholm, and Love Dalen at the Centre for Palaeogenetics (古遗传学), also in Sweden, describe sequencing (测序) DNA samples from mammoths (猛犸象) that lived and died in north-eastern Siberia around a million years ago.

The team’s work represents a new record, for their mammoth DNA is, by some half a million years, the oldest ever successfully reconstructed. Extracted (提取) from horses, bears and even Neanderthals and Denisovans, two close cousins of modern humans, such ancient DNA has proved an invaluable tool for investigating the past. Although fossils preserve the basic physical features of extinct animals, they are silent about many crucial details that even an incomplete genome (基因组) can help to fill in.

The trouble with DNA is that it breaks down after death. The more broken down it is, the harder it is to sequence. Scientists think that, after about 6m years, all that would be left would be individual base pairs (碱基对), the equivalent of trying to reconstruct a book from several letters. Under the right conditions, however, such as the extreme cold of Arctic permafrost (冻土层) this decay can be slowed.

Dr. Dalen and his colleagues were interested in three mammoth molars (臼齿) extracted in the 1970s from Siberian geological layers that suggested great age. Samples from each were sent to Dr. Dalen’s laboratory in 2017. Having checked they had not been contaminated by bacteria or the shaking hands of Paleontologists, the DNA were extracted, sequenced, and dated. Whereas DNA samples from a living animal can run to several hundreds of thousands of letters, the ancient mammoth samples yielded merely dozens of letter long. This is close to the limit of what is scientifically usable, says a biologist named Ludovic Orlando.

1. What does the underlined word “contaminated” probably mean?

A．Protected.

B．Polluted.

C．Estimated.

D．Discovered.

2. According to the passage, the challenges the research team face may include ________.
①the limited number of DNA in mammoth samples
②the break-down of mammoth’s DNA after death
③the wide spread of mammoth samples
④the damage done to the mammoth samples from external environment
⑤the difficulty in extraction of the mammoth’s DNA

A．①②④

B．②④⑤

C．②③④

D．①③④

3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．The fact that DNA can break down makes it easier to sequence.

B．The incomplete genome can’t give any details of the extinct animals.

C．Mammoths’ DNA samples are invaluable for their extremely long history.

D．The research team created a new record for reconstructing an ancient book.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The movie One Million Years B. C revealed the early human civilization.

B．Scientists have uncovered the secrets of life by studying mammoths’ DNA.

C．The mammoths’ DNA may give a clearer picture of ancient inhabitants on earth.

D．Discoveries of mammoths’ DNA samples help the development of DNA reconstruction technology.

9 . The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do _______ of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.

A．it

B．one

C．that

D．those

10 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The Principal and the Popcorn Popper

Spring was approaching. Principal （校长）Peters was wandering in the empty part of the huge school yard when the students^' request flashed through his mind again. It couldn't be better to eat the cabbages, carrots, or eggplants planted by themselves. But how to raise money for seeds and tools?

The topic came up at the teachers' meeting. Teachers suggested various means of collecting money with enthusiasm； one teacher suggested, “We have a popcorn popper （爆米 花机）in the teachers' lounge （休息室）.How about kids making popcorn to sell?”

When the popcorn proposal reached the students, they jumped with joy. Agreement was reached -every Thursday, in their labor course, by selling popcorn for 25 cents a bag, they could enjoy a snack while raising money to buy seeds and tools for their garden.

Soon the first Thursday came. Principal Peters got to his office as usual just right next to the teachers' lounge. Hearing popping sound, he smiled, for it meant the promise of the potential garden. But it was REALLY loud. He wrapped a scarf around his head to block his ears. When the first Thursday was over, he breathed a sigh of relief. But the next Thursday, popping sound happened again. This time, he had brought earplugs. The day, it seemed, would last forever. But for the kids' garden dream, he put up with it willingly.

The following Thursdays witnessed Principal Peters attempting to pile gym mats against his office walls and asking the fifth grade to practice for their concert in the hallway outside his office. The "unbearable" popping sound seemed to have taken root in his head! But for the kids' vegetable garden dream, he put up with it willingly.

On the 11th Thursday, he went to the teachers' lounge again to see how much money was still needed. Seeing the Principal coming with a hard-hidden painful expression, the students responded cheerfully, “Only with 41 dollars our garden dream will come true.” Hearing this, Principal Peters left without saying anything.

注意:1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Shortly afterward, Principal Peters came back with 41 dollars.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“POPCORN", the cute students answered the Principal's question jokingly.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________