2 . 【课本原文】

SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL: VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADA

Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast. Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.[1] For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.

Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights. During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained. Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques[3]. The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. Later, they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away.

The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.

From Jasper, they caught the train towards Toronto. One of the train’s first stops was in Edmonton, the provincial capital of Alberta, the centre of Canada’s huge oil and gas drilling industry. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging10℃. Since it can be too cold to go outdoors, Edmonton is home to many shopping malls. In fact, one of the largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton.

From Edmonton, the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. At school, Daiyu and Liu Qian had learnt that Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty­-seven million. However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed. They went through two wheat growing provinces, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.

After another day on the train, eventually they were back in an urban area, the city of Winnipeg. From there, they travelled through the night, and woke up in Ontario — a land of forests and lakes. The train thundered on, through the rolling hills. The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada. Night came again, and the train turned south towards Toronto. When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtain, they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron — one of the four Great Lakes on Ontario’s southern border. It was not until 9:30 a. m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. All in all, their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.

1. What’s the main idea of the text?

A．The trip from Vancouver to Toronto in Canada.

B．The beautiful scenery of Canada.

C．Canada is a good place for shopping.

D．Autumn is the best season in Canada.

2. Li Daiyu and Liu Qian spent about          hours on the trip from Vancouver to Toronto.

A．65	B．75
C．85	D．95

3. Why are the cousins NOT flying direct to the Atlantic coast?

A．Because they don’t have so much money.

B．Because they want to take the train to have a good view of Canada.

C．The aeroplane is so fast.

D．The distance from the west coast to the east isn't so long.

4. In which city did they have a hike?

A．In Jasper.	B．In Lake Louise.
C．In Vancouver.	D．In Edmonton.

5. What is the climate like in Vancouver?

A．It often rains.

B．It is freezing cold in winter.

C．It is often sunny.

D．It is always like autumn.

6. Complete the route of the trip.

Vancouver	→	Seeing the ________
↓		↓
________	→	blue water
↓		↓
Jasper	→	Many different ________
↓		↓
________	→	_________ drilling
↓		↓
Winnipeg	→	Ｘ
↓		↓
Ontario	→	________ and ________
↓		↓
________	→	Capital of Ontario

7. Analyse and translate the sentences.
①Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques.________
②When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the bule water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.________
③They went through two wheat-growing provinces, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.________

3 . 【课文原文】

FIRST AID FOR BURNS

The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins,   and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.

CAUSES OF BURNS

You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.

TYPES OF BURNS

Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.

·First­degree burns　These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.

·Second­degree burns   These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.

·Third­degree burns　These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS

First­degree burns

·dry, red, and mildly swollen

·mildly painful

·turn white when pressed

Second­degree burns

·red and swollen; blisters; watery surface

·extremely painful

Third­degree burns

·black and white

·swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen

·little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn

FIRST­AID TREATMENT

①Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.

②Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.

③Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.

④Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

⑤If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.

⑥If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

1. What's the main idea of the text?

A．The burns and first aid treatment.	B．The characteristics of burns.
C．The functions of the skin.	D．How to carry out first aid for burns.

2. Match the main idea with each part.

A．the three types of burns B．what to do if someone gets burned C．the functions of the skin D．the symptoms of burns E．how we get burns

Para.1________   Para.2________   Paras.3－6________   Para.7________   Paras.8－13________
3. What are the characteristics of first degree burns?

A．Black and white and charred.	B．Rough, red and swollen.
C．Rough, red and dry.	D．Dry, red and mildly swollen.

4. Which of the following is NOT the cause of burns?

A．Steam and radiation.	B．The moon and the sun.
C．Fire and electricity.	D．Hot liquids and chemicals.

5. If burns affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin, someone must         .

A．be sent to hospital at once

B．be placed on the floor and cool the burns immediately

C．be undressed in order to cover the burned area with a clean, dry bandage

D．be asked not to drink any water

6. Why should we dry the burned area gently?

A．Because the person will cry.

B．Because rubbing may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.

C．Because the burns are on the face.

D．Because it will make the person feel good.

7. Complete the form according to the text.

First Aid for Burns

Something about the_________

_________of burns

_________of burns

_________of burns

First-aid__________

8. Analyze and translate the sentences.
(1). Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause in fection.
(2). If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

5 . 【课文原文】

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.

In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.

Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16,37,38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.

The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.

Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.

1. What’s the main idea of the text?

A．How Snow did the research.

B．How Snow found the cause of cholera.

C．His determination to treat cholera.

D．His way to stop cholera.

2. Match the main idea with each paragraph.

A. There were two theories about cholera. B. Cholera showed us a way to do research into diseases. C. Snow told people to drink clean water. D. Cholera was a deadly disease. E. Snow collected evidence.

Para. 1 ________
Para. 2 ________
Para. 3 ________
Para. 4 ________
Para. 5 ________
3. The best way to defeat a disease, John Snow thought, was to find ________.

A．its cause

B．its cure

C．its result

D．its harm

4. Where were there the most deaths from cholera?

A．No.9, Cambridge Street.	B．No.8, Cambridge Street.
C．No.40, Broad Street.	D．No.21, Broad Street.

5. Why were there no death at No.9, Cambridge Street?

A．They worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street which had cleaned conditions.

B．They had drunk free beer instead of water from the Broad Street pump.

C．The beer they had drunk could prevent against cholera.

D．They had known the water from the Broad Street pump was dangerous to drink.

6. It seemed that ________.

A．polluted water played a key role in spreading cholera

B．Broad Street and Cambridge Street had their own water pumps

C．cholera spread through air

D．John Snow found the cause of cholera by accident

7. Complete the form according to the text.

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
↓
About cholera	It was a ________ disease.
	People didn’t know its ________.
	Millions of people died every time there was an ________.
↓
The way of finding evidence	He ________ the exact places on the map.	Finding a valuable clue
	He did further research.	Finding the ________ pump was to blame
		He was able to announce with certainty that ________ water carried the germs.
↓
The measures and result	Water companies began to sell ________ water.
	Cholera was ________.

8. Analyse and translate the sentences.
(1) He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
________________________________________________________________
(2) Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
________________________________________________________________
(3) It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
________________________________________________________________

9 . 【课本原文】

WHAT'S IN A NAME?

The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.       

In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.

The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo­Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind lots of new vocabulary, as well as the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well­known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.   

There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.

1. Match the main idea of each paragraph

A. The four countries of the UK. B. How the UK came into being. C. The four groups of people in the history. D. Introduce the topic to the readers. E. The history and modern culture make the UK fascinating.

Para.1_______   　Para.2________ Para.3_______   　Para.4________ Para.5________
2. What can help us find out the difference between some different names of the UK?

A．British languages.	B．British history.
C．British location.	D．British education.

3. Which country is the first to be joined to the Kingdom of England?

A．Britain.	B．Scotland.
C．Wales.	D．Ireland.

4. What is different for the four countries of the UK?

A．The flag.	B．The currency.
C．The military defence.	D．The education system.

5. Which of the following is the achievement of the Normans?

A．Building towns and roads.

B．Changing the way of building houses.

C．Leaving behind many new vocabulary.

D．Changing the legal system.

6. Who might be the target reader of this passage?

A．Teachers.	B．Students.
C．Tourists.	D．Guides.

7. Complete the form according to the text.

What’s in a name	Rise a question	What is the________between the UK, Great Britain, Britain and England?
	Explain the question	How did the UK come into being?
	The same and different areas	The share the same________ currency and military defence.
		The have different ________ and legal system as well as traditions.
	A long and interesting history	You will be surrounded by ________ of four different groups.
	The advantage of studying the history	Make you visit much more________

8. 教材对接高考：续写微技能——情感变化
A.标出句中含有情感变化的词汇。
(1)The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.________
(2)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.________
(3)The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.________
(4)Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.________
B.在课文中找出表示情感变化的句子。
(1)____________________________________________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________________________________