1 . More than 3,400 years after two ancient Egyptians were laid to rest, the jars of food left still smell sweet. A team of analytical chemists and archaeologists (考古学家) has analysed these smells to help identify the jars’ contents. The study shows how the exploration of smell can enrich our understanding of the past.

The 1906 discovery of the undisturbed tomb (墓穴) of Kha and Merit symbolized an important stage in Egyptology. The tomb remains the most complete non-royal ancient one ever found in Egypt, showing important information about how high-ranking individuals were treated after death.

Unusually for the time, the archaeologist who discovered the tomb resisted the temptation to open the sealed containers even after they were sent to the Egyptian Museum. The contents of many of these containers are still unknown, although there are some clues, says analytical chemist Ilaria Degano. “From taking with the museum keeper we knew there were some fruity smells in the display cases,” she says.

Degano and her colleagues placed various artefacts (人工制品) inside plastic bags for several days to collect some of the chemical substances they released. Then the team used a special machine to identify the components of the smells from each artefact. They found some chemicals associated with dried fish, and some chemicals common in fruits. The findings will feed into a larger project to reanalyse the tomb’s contents and produce a more comprehensive picture of burial customs for non-royals that existed when Kha and Merit died, about 70 years before Tutankhamun became the Egyptian ruler.

Aside from showing more about past civilizations, ancient smells could make museum visits more inviting. Usually, people admire exhibits with their eyes in museums. “Smell is a relatively unexplored gateway to the collective past for museum visitors,” says Cecilia Bembibre at University College London. “It has the potent alto allow us to experience the in a more emotional, personal way, through our nose.”

1. What can we describe the 1906 discovery of Kha and Merit’ tomb as?

A．A landmark in Egyptology.	B．A turning point in human history.
C．A breakthrough in archaeology.	D．A mirror of ancient non-royal life.

2. What does the underlined word “temptation” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Pressure.

B．Ambition.

C．Desire.

D．Tendency.

3. Degano and her colleagues placed things inside plastic bags to         .

A．protect them from harm	B．gather their smells
C．test the special machine	D．back up a larger project

4. What can the ancient smells do for museum visitors according to Bembibre?

A．They bring them back to the past.

B．They give them emotional support.

C．They change their view on civilizations.

D．They add to their experience.

2 . When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional methods: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But if you also gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning. This is the recent finding of neuroscientist Mathias and his colleagues.

As Mathias’ team describes in the Journal of Neuroscience, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented artificial words (such as “lamube” for “camera,” and “atesi” for “thought”) over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word at the same time. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves.

Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German in multiple-choice test. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. When these signals were active, the subjects found it harder to recall the words accompanied by gestures. When the equipment sent no distracting signals (but still appeared to the subjects to be active), they found it easier to remember the words. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. This applied to concrete words, such as “camera”, as well as abstract ones, such as “thought”.

The study indicates that the adult brain uses motor areas to remember foreign-language words. “I think we under-use gesture in our classrooms,” Mathias says. “People use it subconsciously, if they’re good teachers and good listeners, but we don’t necessarily bring it into the class if we don’t think about it — and it could be used more often and more effectively.”

1. Which is closest in meaning to “invented artificial words” in paragraph 2?

A．Technical terms.

B．Newly discovered symbols.

C．Words referring to the latest inventions.

D．Random combination of letters with assigned meanings.

2. Why was equipment attached to subjects’ heads during the test?

A．To count words.	B．To record emotion.
C．To influence brain activity.	D．To give clues to questions.

3. What does Mathias think of the current use of gestures in classrooms?

A．Irregular.

B．Over-estimated.

C．Misleading.

D．Inadequate.

4. In which section of a magazine may this text appear?

A．Fashion.

B．Lifestyle.

C．Mind & Brain.

D．Health & Exercise.

3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Ada looked through the observation window at the kids below, all waiting in line to get into the pool. She turned to her mother with an angry expression on her face. “Mom, they’re all little kids! I’m 15 already! This is ridiculous, isn’t ?”

“I know, Ada,” replied her mother, “but you’re a beginner, too, and you have to start somewhere!”

Ada had never been to a swimming lesson in her life. Between schoolwork and helping on her grandfather’s farm, she hadn’t had time for lessons. The closest swimming pool Ada had been to was the inflatable (充气的) alligator pool her mother bought her when she was five. Now that Ada was older, her mother had found a new job in the city, and Ada faced a new challenge — school field trips to the local pool.

The first day that Ada went with her class to the pool, she had no idea what she was in for. What could be so difficult about swimming? Ada confidently slipped(溜) into the water and held onto the side of the pool, expecting to be able to touch the bottom with her feet. But when Ada let go of the side of the pool, she slipped under the water—the whole pool was one big deep end! Ada threw her arm toward the side of the pool and grabbed (抓住) the ledge (池壁), out of breath. “I really can’t swim! Everyone’s going to laugh at me!” she thought to herself in a panic.

On the next field trip to the pool, Ada sat on the side of a bench, frozen with fear. She huddled (蜷缩) with a towel over her shoulders, too embarrassed to try again. When she came home, her mother noticed right away that Ada was upset. “Honey, I want you to take Bella’s swimming lessons at the local pool. Soon you’ll learn how to swim just like everyone else,” she convinced Ada, showing photos of Bella with her prize-winning students. Ada felt doubtful whether the lessons would help, but she had to overcome her fear.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Then came the time for Ada to take her first lesson.

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Soon Bella came over to where Ada sat and introduced herself.

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4 . If you feel that making friends as a kid is easy, you’re right. “They have a break between lessons and gym classes. They can let their guard down,” says Marisa G. Franco, a sought-after friendship & belonging expert. However, it’s not the case for adults. Even though they see their colleagues every day, they still find it never easy to be friends with them.

In the US, for example, a 2021 survey by the American Enterprise Institute, found that the number of adults who said they had no close friends had increased four times since 1990, going from 3 percent to 12 percent. “We’ve never been more disconnected,” says psychologist and author Jody Carrington. Although adults spend time together from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm and even late into the night, the fast-paced work pattern dictates that communication is limited to the content of the work, and after work, they immediately go back to homes, leaving no extra energy to have unplanned interactions to develop further friendship.

Research by Brigham Young University psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad has shown that loneliness is a major threat to longevity (长寿), same as smoking 15 cigarettes a day or being an alcoholic. People who are lonely or socially cut off have a higher risk of having diseases like depression, dementia and cardiac death. On the another side, healthy friendships can help us a lot, doing better with stress and living happier and longer. Plus, happiness is contagious. Harvard researchers found that when an individual becomes happy, his or her friends who live in a 1.6-kilometre radius have a 25 percent higher chance of getting a boost in happiness, too.

Hence, making and deepening friendships matters more than we imagine, You might think making friends is an inherent skill that doesn’t need to be taught. It’s not the case. We can all get better at connection if we try. Some experts offer some tricks to make finding connection a little easier.

1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?

A．By listing a lot of figures.	B．By drawing a conclusion.
C．By making a comparison.	D．By showing a conversation.

2. What makes an adult difficult to be friends with others according to paragraph 2?

A．Lack of breaks in the workplace.	B．Worry about being deeply hurt.
C．Unwillingness to communicate.	D．Lack of unplanned interactions.

3. What does the author want to convey in paragraph 3?

A．The approach to leading a happy life.	B．The necessity of staying connected.
C．The consequences of getting into bad habits.	D．The relationship between happiness and habits.

4. What does the underlined word “contagious” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Sustainable.

B．Influential.

C．Flexible.

D．Unique.

6 . 英语老师组织同学们分享周末回家做家务的一次经历，请你以此为主题写一篇短文。内容包括：
1．做家务的原因；
2．做家务的过程；
3．你的感受。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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8 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Several days before, my English teacher told us that there was going to have an English speech competition in our school. One student from each class would be selected for competition. Its theme was about protect the wild animals. It was such a wonderful topic what I became very interested in them. Afterwards, I searched for a lot of useful information on the Internet. I wrote a speech but presented it to my classmates. Luckily, I was given for the opportunity to enter the final. Then I practiced hardly under my teacher’s guidance. In the end, I make it and won the first prize.