1. What can we know about the girl?
| A．She got a bad mark in the exam. |
| B．She got some advice in the exam. |
| C．She got a good mark in the exam. |
| A．Do lots of reading comprehension exercises. |
| B．Try to speak English more. |
| C．Read some English books. |
| A．Read a book. |
| B．Watch a film. |
| C．Learn twenty new words. |
内容包括：
1. 多开口说，不要怕出错；
2. 适当放慢语速；
3. 借助肢体语言。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Bob,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
LiHua
3 . Many countries around the globe pride themselves on their lingual (语言的) variety. Here are a few of the most multilingual places on Earth.
Aruba
Aruba sits in the far Southern Caribbean Sea, near Venezuela. Dutch is an official language and is taught in all schools. Both English and Spanish are also the languages that students must learn in Aruba’s education system. However, none of them is considered the native language of Aruba. On the street and at home, locals communicate with one another in Papiamento. Papiamento is an official language besides Dutch, and it is used regularly in the media and in government.
East Timor
This tiny young nation sits in the far south east ern corner of the Indonesian Archipelago. Once a colony (殖民地) of Portugal, Timor decided to use Portuguese as an official language after independence. The local language, Tetum, is most widely spoken on the street. In addition, English and Indonesian are used throughout the country, and both are officially recognized as working languages.
India
Hindi and English are the official national languages of India, and the majority of educated Indians have knowledge of both, though English is preferred over Hindi in southern India. Each state in India has its own official language(s), most of which differ from Hindi. These languages are used in local media and on the street.
South Africa
South Africa has 11 official languages. In many city areas, English is the lingua franca (通用语). It is also the main language of government and media, even though less than ten percent of South Africans speak it as a first language. Afrikaans, a Germanic language similar to Dutch, is spoken in the southern and western regions of the country. South Africa has nine official Bantu languages, of which: Zulu and Xhosa are the most common.
1. How many official language(s) is/are there in Aruba?| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
| A．Its lingua franca is Afrikaans. |
| B．It was once a colony of Portugal. |
| C．It has eleven official Bantu languages. |
| D．Its media uses English as the main language. |
| A．They enjoy the same culture. |
| B．They are multilingual societies. |
| C．They are education-centered places. |
| D．They speak English as their first language. |
4 . It’s possible that interstellar space explorers arriving on another planet come across problems communicating with previous and subsequent arrivals, as their spoken language has changed in isolation along the way.
Regarding the issue, two American scholars, Andrew McKenzie and Jeffrey Punske, co-authored the article “Language Development During Interstellar Travel”. What has been discussed in the article is the concept of language change over time. They wrote that given more time, new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones.
In a recent interview, McKenzie explained it. “If you’re on a spaceship for 10 generations, new concepts will emerge, new social issues will come up, and people will create ways of talking about them, ” McKenzie said, “and these will become the vocabulary particular to the spaceship. People on Earth might never know about these words, unless there’s a reason to tell them. And the further away you get, the less you’re going to talk to people back home.”
“So if we have Earth English and spaceship English, and they become different over the years, you will have to learn a little Earth English to send messages back or to read the instruction manuals and information that come with the spaceship.”
“Also, keep in mind that the language back on Earth is going to change, too, during that time. So they may well be communicating like we’d be using Latin — communicating with this version of the language nobody uses.”
McKenzie and Punske also pointed out that an adaptation in the form of sign language will be needed for use with and among those working on the spaceship who are sure to be born deaf.
There will be a need for an informed linguistic policy on board that can be maintained without referring back to Earth-based regulations.
The authors concluded that if a study of the linguistic changes aboard a spaceship could be performed, it would add to its scientific value.
1. What is the two American scholars’ article mainly about?| A．The advantage of new grammatical forms. |
| B．The opinion of language change during space travel. |
| C．The interstellar space explorers arriving on another planet. |
| D．The difference between previous and subsequent arrivals. |
| A．Space English will change faster than Earth English. |
| B．Those working on the spaceship will need to use sign language. |
| C．The further away you get, the more you will talk to people back home. |
| D．People on Earth will never know any word particular to the spaceship. |
| A．How language changes on board. |
| B．Why sign language is used in space travel. |
| C．When language would begin to change. |
| D．Whether a language rule in space is important. |
| A．A Couple of American Experts |
| B．Spaceship English Will Be Popular |
| C．Future Linguistic Issues in Space |
| D．The Challenge Resulting from Space Exploring |
5 . Everyone wants to hold people’s attention. So do media companies. The reason is simple: The further down a news story readers read, the more advertising income (收入) from the article creates. And the more a piece of content holds attention, the more customers learn about the product, service, or problems discussed.
Why do some articles encourage readers to keep reading, while others make them lose interest after just a few sentences? And how does the content (i.e., the language used) shape whether people stay engaged (参与)?
It is important to differ long-time attention from other types of engagement. One way of measuring (测量) engagement is clicks, views, or others that measure how many people were interested in a piece of content. As a researcher, Berger explains, “While the research before has examined how headlines or advertisements attract attention, we wish to find out how the content is able to hold a reader’s attention. Focusing on views and clicks does not necessarily lead to content being focused.”
Companies such as YouTube and Facebook use measures like “standing time”, or how long users spend reading a piece of content, to better measure engagement. A catchy headline might lead readers to click on a link, for example, but once they open the article, how much of it do they actually read? Do they stop after the first few sentences? Do they continue for most of the article? Holding attention refers to whether content keeps the attracted attention, making people engaged.
“Our study shows that language that is easier to understand encourages continued reading, as does language that brings feelings,” says Moe, another researcher. But not all emotional language has the same effect. “That is, language that is worrying, exciting, and hopeful encourages reading while language that makes you feel down discourages it,” adds Schweidel, a third researcher.
1. Why do media companies want to hold people’s attention?| A．To make more money. |
| B．To provide more services. |
| C．To improve the environment of network. |
| D．To attract more people to work for them. |
| A．The time spent on the first few sentences. |
| B．The time spent on the headline. |
| C．The time spent on the content. |
| D．The time spent on Facebook. |
| A．Easy language. | B．Anxious language. |
| C．Sad language. | D．Positive language. |
| A．How Language Make Effects on Attention |
| B．Why Everyone Wants to Hold Others’ Attention |
| C．How Media Companies Make Money from Readers |
| D．What Is the Connection Between Language and Feelings |
Sharifkhuja has loved Chinese movies and culture since childhood. His father is also a huge fan of China. Before his
Up to now, Chinese language and calligraphy
Having stayed in China for many years, he hopes to work in the embassy (大使馆)
However, no matter what Sharifkhuja chooses, his future will be
Learning languages has many advantages: feeling confident when travelling abroad, making friends
If the target is, for example,
8 . If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. Like exercise shapes and strengthens muscles, learning a language can have a similar effect on your brain.
The study also found the effect is greater, if the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that gray matter density(灰质密度)in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.
“Our findings suggest that the structure(结构)of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible,” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and cognition(认知)were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you can enter another world,” explained the scientists.
1. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to _________.| A．encourage a regular fitness practice and an active lifestyle |
| B．show the importance of using the language when learning |
| C．suggest that learning a second language can improve physical fitness |
| D．highlight the similarities between language learning and physical exercise |
| A．Learning a second language increases gray matter density. |
| B．Later language learning has a bigger influence on brain structure. |
| C．Language learning leads to lower gray matter density in the brain. |
| D．Learning a second language has no effect on the structure of the brain. |
| A．learning a second language is only helpful during childhood |
| B．native Italian speakers learning English were similarly studied |
| C．Learning a second language brings greater advantages if started young |
| D．bilingual will be more successful than a person who speaks only one language |
| A．Language Learning Increases IQ |
| B．Bilingual Helps Learning Mathematics |
| C．Learning a Second Language Improves Brain Power |
| D．Language Learning Unlocks the Door to A New World |
内容提示：
1．在课堂上认真听讲(listen carefully)，记好笔记；
2．课后独立完成作业(on one’s own)；
3．阅读英文书和报纸，学唱英文歌曲。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Zhangming,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
10 . Do you often feel nervous when speaking English?
●Concentrate on the positive, not the negative (消极的).
●Understand that most mistakes aren’t so serious. Understand that most mistakes don’t matter very much. If you’re always worrying about mistakes, then you’ll feel nervous about your English. But the truth is that when you’re speaking, most people won’t notice your small mistakes.
●Stand up straight, make eye contact, smile and breathe. One involves what you do with your body when you’re speaking English, and that is to stand up straight or sit up straight, make eye contact, smile and remember to breathe.
●
| A．Speak louder and slower. |
| B．Practice as much as possible. |
| C．What you need to do is to improve your attitude. |
| D．Your body language has an effect on your confidence. |
| E．Are you wondering how to speak English confidently? |
| F．How do you correct your mistakes when writing English? |
| G．So relax and don’t put so much stress on yourself to be perfect. |
