2 . Reading a pup’s body language requires experience and expert guidance. Zazie Todd, a dog trainer and founder of the blog Companion Animal Psychology, weighs in on how to decode dogs’ behaviour.

1. If your dog looks remorseful (羞愧的) when you walk in the door and see a mess…

They’re expecting punishment but don’t necessarily know that what they’ve done is wrong. Alexandra Horowitz, a professor at Barnard College in New York City whose research focuses on canine (犬科) cognition, put that ”guilty” look to the test in 2009.     1     Subsequent research out of the University of Cambridge found no evidence that dogs can even feel guilty.

2. If your dog licks their mouth…

They’re stressed Recently, two European studies have highlighted the meaning of this licking.     2     The other determined that dogs lick their mouths—and also look away—in response to a mild threat. If you spot this sign, try reducing your dog’s stress levels.     3    

3. If you’re at the vet and your dog’s tail is down…

They’re anxious. Obvious signs of an unhappy dog include hiding or trying to leave the exam room, but commonly missed triggers range from a tucked tail and lowered ears to trembling.     4     Many vets now use food to make the experience more fun.

4. If your dog leans into you during a petting session…

They like it! If you’re unsure that a dog is enjoying being petted, stop, then gauge their reaction. This is called a consent test. If they choose to wander off, the session is over.     5     Preferred spots on their bodies are to either side of the chest and under the chin.

A．You could also discuss medication with your vet.

B．It could be as simple as giving them more physical space.

C．However, if they lean on you or paw at you to get more cuddles, continue!

D．If your dog gets stressed at appointments, ask what can be done.

E．Other signs of discomfort include sniffing the floor, looking away and panting.

F．One found that it was a canine response to seeing an angry or aggressive human face on a computer screen

G．In the end, it wasn’t linked to whether the dog had transgressed but rather to being scolded by the owner.

3 . Learning any language is hard, but learning English can be especially challenging. Why? Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. In particular, words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads.

Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock? This word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would help you guess that. There are many strange terms like this in British English — the Oxford English Dictionary would be much smaller without these odd usages filling its pages.

How can these odd words be explained? Part of the answer is the British sense of humor. Britons don’t like to take things too seriously, and this is evident through many British words and phrases. For example, to “spend a penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet.

In an interview for the BBC’s website, British linguist David Crystal suggested there may be historical reasons for the large number of odd words and phrases in British English. He thinks that they began in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This was a great age for the theater, when Shakespear e and other writers worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays. The theater’s popularity also created an incentive to invent new words. With this in mind, perhaps Shakespeare and his peers are to blame for unusual British words such as “codswallop” and “balderdash” — which both, mean “nonsense”.

While these strange words may be confusing to non-native speakers, they certainly make studying English a lot more interesting.

1. According to the text, why may non-native speakers find it more challenging to learn English?

A．Dictionaries are too complicated to understand.

B．The English vocabulary is too large for them to learn.

C．A large number of strange expressions confuse them.

D．The English textbooks they use are usually out of date.

2. With the example of “the Oxford English Dictionary” in Paragraph 2, the author intends to          .

A．stress the large number of strange terms

B．explain the origin of the strange phrases

C．show British people’s attitude towards odd phrases

D．show the usefulness of the Oxford English Dictionary

3. Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4?

A．concern

B．inspiration

C．application

D．opinion

4. What is the tone of the author in writing the article?

A．Aerious.

B．Anxious.

C．Indifferent.

D．Humorous.

5 . 针对目前学生们不重视英语口语学习的现象，你校英文报正在举行征文活动。请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
1. 描述现状；
2. 论述观点；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Reviving Oral English with Students

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6 . As an English learner, we sometimes get questions like this: “How can I speak English with more confidence?” That is a great question.     1     Today, we have several pieces of advice to help you.

Every day, the most important person you talk to is yourself. That’s to say, your own thoughts matter. If you lack confidence as an English speaker, you may say things like, “English is too hard” “I’m so sorry for my English.” What’s worse, you are sure to start believing them.     2    

To sound more confident, speak slowly enough so that people can easily hear you. Many English learners worry that speaking too slow will make them sound inexperienced.     3     So avoid worrying that you are speaking too slow for the people around you.

    4     If you are not confident, you may try to say as little as possible. For example, if asked what people’s favorite color is, an English learner may give a short, direct response like, “blue”, while a native English speaker is likely to say, “Well, to be quite honest, I don’t really have an actual color, but I guess I may go for something like blue or grey.”

Read out loud. Reading out loud can help build confidence in how your English sounds. So next time you are reading a website, book or something else that you enjoy, take a few minutes to read the material aloud. Before reading aloud, read the story silently first. The second time, if there is audio, you can listen to the speakers as you read alone silently.     5     Then, try listening to the speaker and reading out loud at the same time.

A．But you are more likely to make mistakes if speaking too fast.

B．Then, speak loudly enough that anyone in the same room can easily hear you.

C．So replace unhelpful thoughts with better ones when speaking.

D．Using long sentences shows that you speak English confidently.

E．Then, try to read the story out alone.

F．Speak in complete sentences and give longer responses when possible.

G．Whatever language we are learning, we would all love to speak confidently.

7 . How similar are language and music?

Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world.     1     Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.

Both language and music have a writing system.

Both language and music have their own systems of notation. Language uses alphabets to represent sounds and create meaning.     2     By reading and writing in these systems, we can communicate and preserve ideas and compositions through time.

    3    

Listening to the language someone speaks can provide valuable clues about their geographical origin. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.

Both share emotion.

    4     While you may be able to perceive it through my facial expressions, you can judge it with certainty through my words. Similarly, music has the ability to convey emotions such as anger, sadness, or happiness through its sound. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness.     5     I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics (歌词).

A．Both are expressive.

B．Both vary with culture.

C．How do you know that I am annoyed?

D．Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives.

E．Equally, music uses notes to represent pitches and rhythms.

F．We use language to express our thoughts.

G．In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.

8 . What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A．Their favorite songs.

B．Online English courses.

C．Language learning.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China is well-known for its long and amazing civilization. Many factors make it possible, one of     1     is the Chinese writing system.

Starting as a picture-based language, written Chinese dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells with     2     (carve) symbols on them. By the Shang Dynasty, the symbols had become a highly developed writing system.    3     time went by, a wide variety of dialects and characters came into being because of geographical     4     (difference). Later on, Emperor Qinshihuang united the Chinese people and culture,     5     (lead) to the singular (单一的) development of the writing system. As a result, Chinese people, regardless of location or dialect, now almost have no     6       (difficult) in communicating in writing.

Written Chinese also serves as a great way     7     (connect) China’s present with its past.Because of it, people can read the classic works written in ancient times. People think highly of the Chinese writing system     8     feel proud of the Chinese calligraphy, which is     9     art form enjoying great popularity now.

As China is becoming stronger and more powerful, recently, the number of international students learning Chinese     10     (increase) rapidly.