2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty felt interested in the local drama during his tour of Southern China. To celebrate his 80th birthday in 1790, he gathered opera troupes (剧团) from different areas around China     1     (perform) for him in Beijing. When the     2     (celebrate) came to an end, four famous troupes from Anhui Province     3     (ask) to stay, for audiences were particularly     4     (satisfy) with their great performances, colorful clothes and interesting facial make-ups.

Step by step, it replaced Kunqu Opera     5     had been popular in the palace and among the upper ranks in Beijing. Later, some troupes from Hubei Province came to Beijing and often performed together with the Anhui troupes. The two types of singing     6     (gradual) combined on the same stage and finally gave birth     7     a new type that was known as Beijing Opera.

Beijing Opera absorbed various     8    (characteristic) of its forerunners (祖先) such as singing and dancing and adapted itself in language and style of singing to Beijing audiences tastes.     9     time goes by, its popularity has spread all over the country, with it     10    (become) the favorite drama in China.

4 . Some late Stone Age Europeans may have carried make-up inside mini bottles worm around their necks or waists more than 6,000 years ago.

Researchers have found traces of ingredients known to be used in cosmetic formulations (配力) by later civilizations inside small bottles unearthed in Slovenia, dating to between 4350 and 4100 B.C, more than 200 years earlier than previously thought. In 2014, Bine Kramberger at the Institute for the PCHS found a mini ceramic bottle al an ancient site once occupied by people of the Lasinja culture in around 4350 B. C. More than 100 similar bottles have also been found.

Their purpose was unknown, but it is thought that some might have been children’s toys. Curiously, most of them have holes in their tiny handles or edges that archaeologists think people threaded string through, enabling them to be worn around the neck or waist. But Kramberger’s find was different because it contained a solid white substance. “It was clear that it had valuable information because in such old archaeological sites, we rarely find containers that still keep remains of their former content,“ he says.

Long and thin stone tools were found near the bottle, which could have been used to extract the substance within. Now, Kramberger and his colleagues have analysed the substance in the bottle and examined 13 others from the same period.

The mystery material contained a white lead mineral called cerussite, while different lead minerals were identified in two other bottles. The three lead-containing bottles also had contents coming from beeswax (蜂蜡) inside.

The bottles’ contents could have been used for painting. says Kramberger. But he says it is more likely that they were cosmetics, because they contained common ingredients for such products known from later cultures. Cerussite powder was very popular among the ancient Greeks and Romans for skin whitening and remedies, despite is known toxicity (毒性).

Gaydarska says the new study supports what archaeologists have long thought—“that the abilities and cultures of Neolithic people were far more comprehensive and complicated than they are often given credit for”.

1. Why are the small bottles unearthed in Slovenia special?

A．The bottles might have been worn around the necks or waists.

B．The bottles contained some ingredients related to the make-up.

C．The time of the bottles is much earlier than previously thought.

D．Researchers were astonished at the number of the similar bottles.

2. According to Kramberger’s finding, what is the substance contained in the bottles?

A．String.

B．White paint.

C．Stone tools.

D．Cerussite.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．The technology of extracting substances was already advanced in ancient times.

B．Cerussite powder was a perfect solution to skin problems for ancient Europeans.

C．It’s easy for archaeologists to find the containers with remains of former content.

D．The cultures of Neolithic people were commonly believed to be easy and simple.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．People in ancient times had an eye for beauty.

B．Europeans may have worn make-up in the Stone Age.

C．Contents of the bottles found in Slovenia were analyzed.

D．There are various reasons for ancient Europeans’ wearing make-up.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

DUJIANGYAN

Originally    1    (construct) around 256 BCE by the State of Qin as an irrigation and flood control system, Dujiangyan is a     2    (remark) example of ancient engineering skill and is still in use today. During the Warring States period, people     3     lived along the banks of the Min River were troubled by annual flooding. Qin governor and irrigation engineer Li Bing     4     (investigate) the problem thoroughly. He led a team to construct a levee (河堤）to redirect a portion of the rivers flow. Then they cut a channel through Mount Yulei    5     (discharge) the excess water. After the system was finished, no more floods occurred. What’s more, it made Sichuan one of the most productive agricultural    6     (region) in China because the redirected water from the Min River could    7    (use) for irrigation. If you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an unusual construction that resembles a fish’s mouth. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together     8     two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, were scientifically designed to control the water flow throughout the year. Recognised as     9    UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while    10     (prevent) floods for over 2,000 years.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

More than 500 pieces of relics    1    (discover) at the Sanxingdui Ruins site last year. The relics include golden masks, jade and ivory artifacts and bronze wares, said the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Heritage Administration on Sep 9, 2021.

The new discoveries bring the total number of items unearthed at Sanxingdui    2    nearly 2,000 after the digging of No. 3 to No. 8 sacrificial pits began in October of 2020.

Tang Fei, chief of the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, said, “The new discoveries demonstrate once again that the imagination and    3    (create) of the ancient Chinese went far beyond    4    people today had expected.”

Tang added that the digging of the new pits has entered a    5    (significance) stage, with more items yet to be unearthed. He also predicted that the items    6    (find) there will challenge the conventional wisdom of archaeologists.

    7    (original) discovered in the late 1920s, the Sanxingdui Ruins have been considered    8    (be) one of the world’s greatest archaeological finds of the 20th century.

It is believed that the ruins covering    9    area of 12 km² are the relics of the Shu Kingdom,    10    (date) back some 4, 500 to 3, 000 years.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Recently, the remains of a gold mask are among a huge pit (坑) of 3,000-year-old items found at an archaeological(考古的) site in China’s Sichuan province.     1     (weigh) about 280 grams and estimated to have 84% gold, the gold mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six     2     (new) discovered “sacrificial pits”.

In addition to the gold mask, archaeologists uncovered bronzes, gold foils and items     3     (make) from ivory, jade and bone. The six pits also unearthed a mysterious wooden box and a bronze vessel (器皿) which are hard     4     (explain). Since the 1920s, archaeologists     5     (discover) more than 50,000 ancient items at Sanxingdui.

The latest finds enrich and deepen archaeologists’     6     (understand) of how civilization developed in ancient China. In particular, evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley,     7     was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.

Though not yet recognized     8     a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sanxingdui is on the organization’s “possible future list”. Along with other Shu archaeological     9     (site), it is considered by the UN agency to be “    10     outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China, East Asia and even the world”.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When foreigners come to China, they may be    1    (surprise) at Chinese’s special fondness and preference for seals(印章). To Chinese, seals are an art of deep cultural roots,    2     combines the essence of both calligraphy and sculpture and inspires generations to study, to appreciate and to collect.

It is believed that seals came out as early    3    8,000 years ago after our ancestors could make pottery wares and had private property. They tried to make marks on    4    (they) own possessions to prevent them from being stolen. When the first dynasty    5    (found), the king began to use seals to empower and to show lordly credits. Only the king’s special seal was then called “Xi”,    6    (represent) the highest authority. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, had his “Xi”    7    (make) out of the invaluable and beautiful jade “Heshi Bi”.

Then the local governments also needed seals for    8    same function. Meanwhile, private seals were carved in a variety of lucky    9    (character) and vivid animal patterns.     10    (gradual), the sphragistics came into being.