2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

You may think you cannot live through summer without air conditioners. But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only help for people       1     (drive) the heat away.

Chinese people started to use hand fans over 2,000 years ago. The fans came       2     different shapes, such as round and square and they were made from various materials. Palm leaf fans were cheap and easy to make. Feather fans showed the owner’s high status. Sandalwood fans     3     (send) out a fragrant smell.

    4     (late), hand fans became more than something     5     could cool you down. They developed into art works, in which tuanshan and zheshan were the most common.

Shaped like     6     full moon, tuanshan was usually made of silk. They had beautiful embroidery(刺绣) featuring birds and flowers on them. Females, especially     7    (woman) in the royal palace,liked to use them. Poets in ancient China often compared a woman’s abandoned fate to tuanshan. A poet wrote during the Qing Dynasty, “If only life were as     8     (beauty) as when we first met, why should the autumn wind bother to pity deserted painted fans?”

Meanwhile, men, especially the literati (文人), used zheshan. The literati liked them because they could paint and write poems on them.     9     was a way for them to show off their talent in literature, painting and calligraphy. Almost anything could     10       (paint) on zheshan, but the most popular ones usually featured landscapes.

3 . In the mid-1980s, a study compared mtDNA from people around the world. It found that people of African descent (后裔) had twice as many genetic differences from each other than as did others. Because mutations (基因突变) seem to occur at a steady rate over time, scientists were able to conclude that modern humans must have lived in Africa at least twice as long as anywhere else. They now calculate that all living humans descend from a single woman who lived roughly 150,000 years ago in Africa, “Eve”. If geneticists are right, all of humanity is linked to Eve through an unbroken chain of mothers. This Eve was soon joined by “Y-Chromosome (染色体) Adam”, the genetic father of us all, also from Africa. DNA studies have confirmed that all the people on Earth, with all their shapes and colors, can trace their ancestry to ancient Africans.

What seems certain is that at a remarkably recent date—probably between 50,000 and 70,000 years ago—one small group of people, the ancestors of modern humans outside of Africa, left Africa for western Asia, either by migrating around the northern end of the Red Sea or across its narrow southern opening.

Once in Asia, genetic evidence suggests, the population split. One group stopped temporarily in the Middle East, while the other commenced a journey which would last tens of thousands of years. Moving a little further with each new generation, they followed the coast around the Arabian Peninsula, India, and Southeast Asia, all the way to Australia. ''The movement was probably unnoticeable,'' says Spencer Wells. ''It was less of a journey and probably more like walking a little farther down the beach to get away from the crowd.''

Although archaeological evidence of this 13,000-kilometer (8,000-mile) migration from Africa to Australia has almost completely disappeared, genetic traces of the group that made the trip do exist. They have been found in the DNA of native peoples in the Andaman Islands near Myanmar, in Malaysia, and in Papua New Guinea, and in the DNA of nearly all Australian aborigines (土著). Modern discoveries of 45,000-year-old bodies in Australia, buried at a site called Lake Mungo, provide some physical evidence for the theories as well.

People in the rest of Asia and Europe share different but equally ancient mtDNA and mutations. The mutations which they possess show that most are descendants of the group that stayed in the Middle East for thousands of years before moving on. Perhaps about 40,000 years ago, modern humans first advanced into Europe.

1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

A．Mutations occasionally take place over time

B．Modern humans probably have only one ancestor.

C．Modern humans must have lived in Africa for a shorter time than anywhere else.

D．Scientists confirm all of humanity is linked to Eve with physical evidence .

2. What happened to the first group of humans that moved from Africa into Asia?

A．Most of the migrants turned back into Africa.

B．They separated into two groups.

C．Most of the migrants moved directly into Europe.

D．They stayed in the Middle East for tens of thousands of years.

3. Which of the following is cited as evidence for the great migration to Australia?

A．Discovery of human remains in Australia	B．DNA of people in Southeast Africa
C．DNA of immigrants to Australia	D．Discoveries from modern societies in Asia

4. The title for this reading could be _______.

A．Finding Y-Chromosome Adam	B．Who were the First Humans?
C．The Discovery of DNA in Africa	D．Migrating Out of Africa

4 . When you visit Kinderdijk, one of the most visited villages in the Netherlands, you step right into the middle of Dutch history.

Kinderdijk lies in the Alblasserwaard, where the Lek and Noord rivers meet together. Much of the village is near or even below sea level. Although there are canals and dykes (堤坝), the lowlands of the village are still at risk of flooding (洪灾). Among the most deadly floods was Saint Elisabeth’s flood in 1421, which killed thousands after the dykes broke in several places. To deal with this kind of problem, the Kinderdijk windmills (风车) were built around 1740 to move water from the lower areas to higher ground and into the river.

Nineteen of the 20 Kinderdijk windmills remain and were named a UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) Site in 1997. Of the 19 windmills, 16 still have millers who live inside and control the huge sails (翼板) in the wind. These windmills continue to help manage the Netherlands ongoing fight to stay above water.

For tourists, boat tours are offered along the canals and walkways lead from the visitor center to the windmills. Two windmills serve as museums, filled with old millers’ items and photos. You can climb up inside to see how the windmills work. The windmills also are working, so be prepared to feel the whole building shake when the sails turn in the wind.

Each year, about 500,000 people visit the Kinderdijk windmills and the buildings have become a must-see on any trip to the Netherlands. There are some windmills north of Amsterdam that “were built for tourists, but we’re a historical site where tourists come, so it’s the other way around,” says Kinderdijk communications manager Peter Paul Klapwijk. “Tourism is a good way to support our site.”

1. Why were the Kinderdijk windmills built around 1740?

A．To protect dykes.	B．To produce clean water.
C．To prevent floods.	D．To keep the sea level from rising.

2. What can we learn about Kinderdijk windmills?

A．Most of them are working as before.

B．Most of them have become museums.

C．Several of them have been sold to millers.

D．Several of them were destroyed long ago.

3. How does Peter Paul Klapwijk feel about so many tourists visiting the windmills?

A．Fearful.

B．Worried.

C．Excited.

D．Surprised.

4. What does the text mainly introduce?

A．The history of Kinderdijk

B．A famous historical site

C．An amazing village of canals

D．The traditions of the Netherlands

5 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(仅限1词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个词)。

No one knows exactly when the construction of the Great Wall was started. It is believed     1    the wall was built to protect China’s borders during the Zhou Dynasty. Emperor Qin Shihuang joined the separate walls     2    (build) by the Qin, Yan and Zhao kingdoms after he unified the country in 214BC. The wall was not only     3    protection in the north, it was also a symbol of the power of the emperor. After that, many    4    (change) to the wall were made to make     5    the longest manmade structure in the world.

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back to as far as 7,000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo was being used in ancient people’s daily lives. It was used for food, clothing, housing, transportation,     1     (music) instruments and even weapons.

The     2     (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan,     3     (lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation network in the world, in which bamboo played     4     important role. The world’s oldest water pipe was also     5     (make) of bamboo. During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan     6     (successful) sank a 1,600­metre­deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe     7     the 19th century, and it was by using the technology     8     the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Chinese culture, bamboo is well­known as one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men, bamboo is a symbol of goodness and     9    (honest). It is always closely related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when     10     (face) tough situations.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived     1     , through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on     2     could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.

Farming produced more food per person     3     hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born, more food     4    (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology     5    (change) lives.

By about 6000 BC，people     6     (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the     7     (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas,     8     (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.

This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with     9     rise of science, changes began. New methods     10     (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.

8 . World War II began when the UK and France declared war on Germany, after German troops led by Adolf Hitler had invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 to claim land there as their own. Hitler had already invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia, so the war began over his plan to take more land for Germany.

The Siege of Leningrad is a famous event during World War II. For 900 days—from 8 September 1941 to 27 January 1944—the city of Leningrad in Russia was surrounded by German troops. That meant everyone inside the city had to stay there, and that there wasn't any way for food or other sources like medicine to get in. Many hundreds of thousands of people died during this time because there wasn't enough food or heating to go around, but the people who lived in Leningrad refused to surrender to the Germans.

In 1940, the French port of Dunkirk was the location of a big turning point for the Allie：in World War II. Hitler's armies bombed Dunkirk heavily, and many Allied troops were waiting on the beach to be rescued because they didn't have the resources they needed to fight back. From 26 May to 4 June, over 550, 000 troops were ferried to safety across the English Channel-the code name for this was 'Operation Dynamo'. Some British civilians（people who weren't in the army）even used their own boats to help save as many people as they could. The rescue operation helped to boost morale（士气）in Britain, where they really needed some good news. This helped in going into the next major event in World War II, the Battle of Britain.

June 6,1944 is also known as D-Day. On that day, the Allied forces launched a huge invasion of land that Adolf Hitler's Nazi troops had taken over. It all began with boats and boats full of Allied troops landing on beaches in the French region of Normandy. They broke through the German defences and carried on fighting them back through Europe for the next 11 months until they reached Berlin, where Hitler was then hiding.

1. What led to the outbreak of the second World War?

A．UK and France's declaring war on Germany.

B．German troops' invading Poland in 1939.

C．Hiter's starting an attack on Austria.

D．Hiter's plan for occupying more land.

2. What can be known from the Siege of Leningrad according to the passage?

A．This event lasted about two and a half years.

B．German troops cut all the supplies to Leningrad.

C．Many people were killed by German soldiers.

D．Leningrad was finally occupied by Germans.

3. Which event was the closest to the end of WWII?

A．The Siege of Leningrad.	B．Operation Dynamo.
C．The Battle of Britain.	D．The D-day Landings.

4. What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A．Causes of WWⅡ.	B．Hitler's Invasion.
C．Great Wars in WWⅡ.	D．War and Peace.

9 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有5处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除:把多余的词用(\)划掉；
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改5处，多者(从第6处起)不计分。

Cheer-leading began in all-men colleges in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As time passes, more and more colleges started cheer-leading and more women started doing it. It was not until the 1920s when pompoms began to play an important part in cheer-leading. At about the same time, cheerleaders began to include gymnastics in their routines. Found at most athletic events, and cheer-leading competitions are an important part of school and college life. Nowadays, many American are amused by cheer-leading.

10 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What was the Renaissance mainly about?

A．The Latin language.

B．Arts and science.

C．The Christian religion.

2. When did Leonardo da Vinci live?

A．In the 1300s.

B．In the 1400s.

C．In the 1600s.

3. What does the term “renaissance man” mean?

A．Someone doing many things well.

B．Someone living in Italy in the past.

C．Someone being very famous throughout history.

4. What is da Vinci best known for?

A．His paintings.

B．His inventions.

C．His songs.