1 . Social media can lead to mental exhaustion (疲惫). And when mentally exhausted, you are more likely to be influenced by a high number of likes on posts - even to the point of clicking on ads for products you don’t need.

As a professor of advertising, I have studied social media behaviors for years. In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18-65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently.

The control group in each study were given no introductory task- we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information.

The group that used the Internet first were the most likely to want to buy the featured product when there were lots of likes or comments, and they also reported using the most mental effort to assess the ad. Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. All of this evaluating leaves them feeling frazzled.

Imagine asking your roommate if they want to get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea. They might just yell “Yeah, sure!” while running inside to clean their shoes.

By understanding how social media influences them, consumers can be more thoughtful in regulating their use and hopefully will not buy yet another water bottle they don’t need.

1. How did the author conduct the studies?

A．By questionnaire.

B．By interview.

C．Through the Internet.

D．Through observation.

2. What does the underlined word “frazzled” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Excited.

B．Depressed.

C．Annoyed.

D．Tired.

3. Why does the author mention “your roommate” in paragraph 5?

A．To further explain cognitive overload.

B．To stress the importance of relationships.

C．To strongly call on people to eat healthily.

D．To remind people not to rely on mobile phones.

2 . If a traditional sport bores you, it’s time to try something new! Cycling, but outdoors on city roads; surfing, but on the land; playing frisbee (飞盘), but with a group of people... New sports have been refreshing our minds, bringing more joy to physical exercise.

National fitness has been part of the national strategy for many years, aiming to improve people’s overall physical health. With great attention paid in support of national fitness, new sports begin to develop. According to a study by Houlang Research Institute which attracted more than 1,200 young people to participate, more than 93 percent of people born after 2000 are interested in urban (城市的) sports.

Why do young people favor new sports? Houlang’s report claims that apart from keeping fit as a type of exercise, many young people pick them up to socialize — allowing them to build up their social circles. “Players tend to have online group chats announcing their usual activities and simply sharing their lives. The new sports are also suitable for taking photos and are less limited by venues (场地),” the CEO of a tourism website in China told China News Service. Gathered together through social media, people can enjoy new sports at many places in the city, from parks to spacious sidewalks.

Qianjiang Evening News also comments that the new sports are easier for new players to start, unlike other traditional sports, such as soccer and basketball, which usually require strict and complex rules. Thus, the new sports are less competitive but could bring more fun. According to a website, people may opt for sports that are less challenging and can take place at local venues.

Urban sports have unlocked new lifestyles in China and prove that more people are exposed to and willing to enjoy sports, according to China News Service.

1. Why do the young prefer urban sports?

A．To compete better.	B．To help socialize.
C．To have online chats.	D．To desert traditional sports.

2. What can we learn about urban sports?

A．They are more competitive than traditional sports.	B．They are only suitable for the young.
C．They are easy to have access to.	D．They need more strict rules.

3. What does the underlined phrase “opt for” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Choose.

B．Decide.

C．Spot.

D．Support.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A video of college students in northeastern China wearing military style cotton coats to class     1     (go) viral on social media platforms recently.

Down jackets (羽绒服) have been a     2     (necessary) for many Chinese people all the time. To seek more profit in the booming market, many     3     (brand) have started to move towards high-end development,     4     (result) in a more significant increase in demand for high-quality materials like white goose down. Thus, the price has increased.

With the price of down jackets increasing, college students in China have picked up military coats     5     (defend) themselves from the winter cold. Thanks     6     their low cost and high quality, cotton coats have made a major comeback this winter and stormed college campuses.

The general thinking among students is that it isn’t about     7     they can afford a down jacket or not, but that cotton coats     8     (simple) provide better quality at a much lower price. The cheapest military style cotton coat costs less than 100 yuan and they have become the most fashionable winter wear for college students in northern China. A single person wearing one of these coats is noticeable, and a couple might     9     (laugh) at. But when a group wears them, it’s     10     latest fashion.

6 . Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987, supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income, she had to collect recyclables, trading in cans for five cents each.

When the clothing factory closed down in the late 2000s, she became a full-time recycler, picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet.

Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it — a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors, however, keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year.

Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on the street. That enables police to search rubbish for evidence, but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City, which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats, containers are made clearly inaccessible for collectors.

“There’s value in the waste, and we feel that value should belong to the people, not the city or the corporations”, says Ryan Castalia, director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn.

Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. It’s a pity to see that the government doesn’t stand by the garbage collector’s side, either.

Fortunately, some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. Brazil classified waste picking as an official occupation in 2001. In 2009, Colombia’s government granted the right to collect valuable garbage. The U.S. is slowly catching on too. After all, to the government, the garbage is garbage, but to the collectors, it’s something they make a living on.

1. What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin?

A．To highlight waste collectors’ role.

B．To reflect the unemployed’s hardship.

C．To praise her devotion to her daughter.

D．To show the seriousness of unemployment.

2. How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work in paragraph 3?

A．By citing reference.	B．By contrasting.
C．By giving definitions.	D．By cause-effect analysis.

3. What would Marin agree with?

A．No job is noble or humble.	B．Business is business.
C．The early birds catches worms.	D．One good turn deserves another.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Who owns our garbage?	B．How can we end poverty?
C．Who takes blame for waste?	D．How should we recycle rubbish?

8 . 请在方框中选择合适的词汇，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。
注意：(1)每个选项至多只能使用一次；
(2)方框中有一个多余词汇。

A. medicine   B. to turn on   C. out of   D. in short   E. give a hand to   F. optimism G. suffering from   H. is only brought up   I. alone   J. lead to   K. honest

In the past few years, I have found that mental illness has been a term largely avoided in conversation, and this has a bad impact on those     1     depression, anxiety and other mental diseases. What’s worse, the topic of mental illness     2     when the news draws our attention to it, but then the conversation quiets until the next tragedy (悲剧) happens.

It’s time for the conversation to continue. Instead of waiting for the next tragedy, we need to be open about mental health and about the struggles that come with mental illness and treatment. We need to develop an environment where people feel comfortable to seek the help they need instead of concealing (掩盖) it.

It took a long time, but I am now open about my anxiety and depression. I am open about my taking medicine to treat my mental illness. I am open about the struggle of finding the     3     that works. I encourage everyone to do the same. Be     4     and open with your conversations about mental health. The more comfortable people are with these conversations, the easier it will be for the conversation to continue. A continued conversation will     5     more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to     6     those who need it.

We have the ability to help those we love and break the shame around mental illness. We should change the idea that it’s something that needs to be cured people of. Mental illness can actually affect anyone, impacting one     7     every four people.

So,    8    , let’s keep the conversation about mental health and mental illness open. Be sure to check up on your friends, and be open about the importance of mental health. If you’re uncomfortable, share your story, which may let others know they are not     9    . Just as Albus Dumbledo re said, “Happiness can be found even in the darkest of times, if one only remembers     10     the light.”

9 . 在方框内选择合适的词汇填空，使短文连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。

A．lanes       B．charged       C．dramatically       D．mostly       E．estimated       F．powered G．connectivity       H．boundary       I．dependent       J．advocates       K．invasion

E-Scooters

Over the past two years, electric scooters have become ever-present in many of Europe and America’s biggest cities. Britain is the last major western European country to hold out against the     1    . E-scooters are not allowed on public roads, though people do ride them on cycle     2     and pavements. But where they are permitted, the number of e-scooter sharing companies soars     3    . To their     4    , e-scooters are revolutionary: the “iPhone Of urban transport”. To their critics (批评者), they are dangerous, anti-social and very annoying.

As with a dockless (无桩) bike, scooters are fitted with GPS trackers and wireless     5    . Customers download an app and scan a QR code on the scooter to unlock it. They are then     6     a small amount. Bird, which launched its e-scooter in Santa Monica, California in September 2017 charges $l plus 15 cents per minute, on average, in the US-to travel where they want to go, at a maximum speed of around 15mph. At night, the scooters are rounded up, charged and returned to popularity.

E-Scooters have the potential to solve some of the worlds biggest transport problems. Most cities are already dangerously polluted and heavily congested, and it is simply not an option to put more cars and taxis on the streets. Scooters are efficient; one kilowatt hour of energy carries a car     7     by petrol less than a mile, and an e-scooter 80 miles.

Scooters are clean, cheap, and they require little new infrastructure. For a country like car-     8     America, they could genuinely transform an     9     60% of US journeys under six miles. Even in European cities, which     10     have good public transport systems, they are very useful for travelling the “final mile”. According to Bird,40% of taxi-riding journeys in London are under two miles, so e-scooters could help take a lot of cars off the streets.

10 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

One of my most memorable trips took place during the summer vacation about three years ago, when my sister, my aunt and I took a trip to Spain because we were moving. On the day of the trip, I lay in bed thinking about my friends whom I was going to leave behind and thoughts were flooding in. I was not comfortable and cried.

We had to book a van (厢式送货车) to take our luggage to the airport, because it was too much for a taxi. We waited for a long period to find a perfect van that would fit our luggage.

The journey was almost perfect at the beginning, but soon it began to rain. Because of the rain, the drivers could not see far away, which caused a huge traffic jam. I was sitting by the window with a can of Coke. My aunt and sister fell asleep, and during this time, I felt bored and thought about other things that bothered me. My eyes turned to the mountain in front of us.

A bus suddenly appeared in the picture. It was very close to us. Cars sped past us without any speed limit. Beside me was a very deep lake: I wondered to myself what if something or someone fell inside it. Suddenly, a bus in front of our van stopped, and because it was raining heavily and the van was going fast, no one could see what was going to happen. Then, bang, we bumped into each other. Our van overturned, but luckily, it didn’t fall into the lake. People came to help us get out of the van because we were blocked and the driver was half-dead.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为一段，开头语已为你写好。

We struggled to get out of the van and waited for the emergency aid to come.

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