1 . As a student at a medical school, Sam thinks poetry is a big part of his life, thanks to his new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor’s education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.
“Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. If we do anything when we’ re with our patients, we’re really immersed in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that’s what a poem does, ” he said.
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents. He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap.
Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there’s no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest moments. ” Not everyone believes that’s what doctors should do, though.
Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it’s happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn’t survived the cancer. Don’t wve still have a role as healers there?”
In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.
1. What does the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Committed. | B．Forced. | C．Persuaded. | D．Absorbed. |
| A．It has nothing to do with doctors. |
| B．It is mostly produced by doctors. |
| C．It contributes to medical work. |
| D．It keeps doctors away from patients. |
| A．Capable and responsible. |
| B．Gifted but overconfident. |
| C．Honest and modest. |
| D．Cold but respected. |
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood
Using a lower temperature to draw out
3 . As a student at a medical school, Sam thinks poetry is a big part of his life, thanks to his new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor’s education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.
“Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. If we do anything when we’re with our patients, we’re really immersed in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that’s what a poem does,” he said.
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents. He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap.
Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there’s no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest moments.” Not everyone believes that’s what doctors should do, though.
Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it’s happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn’t survived the cancer. Don’t we still have a role as healers there?”
In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.
1. What’s Rafael Campo?| A．He’s a doctor. |
| B．He’s a physicist. |
| C．He is a teacher in a senior school. |
| D．He is a student at a medical school. |
| A．Committed. | B．Forced. | C．Absorbed. | D．Persuaded. |
| A．It contributes to medical work. |
| B．It is mostly produced by doctors. |
| C．It has nothing to do with doctors. |
| D．It keeps doctors away from patients. |
| A．Gifted but overconfident. |
| B．Capable and responsible. |
| C．Honest and modest. |
| D．Cold but respected. |
| A．A good medicine tastes bitter |
| B．Poetry heals the pain |
| C．Sad poetry is a ready medicine |
| D．A poem a day keeps the doctor away |
4 . On January 7th, 2022, David Bennett became the first person to have a heart transplanted successfully into him from a pig. On that occasion, mere operation success was the goal. This operation is a milestone for xenotransplantation (异种移植)—the transfer of organs from other species to human patients.
For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation’s basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it. In the case of pigs, the most important marker of foreignness is a sugar molecule (分子) called alpha-Gal. While this molecule does not exist in humans, antibodies to kill it do. So no transplant from a pig with alpha-Gal would last more than a couple of minutes in a human body. In 2003 pigs were produced with a changed genome (基因组) so as to prevent the enzyme (酶) responsible for making alpha-Gal. This was a step in the right direction, but other barriers popped up.
The pig for David’s operation had a genome changed in ten ways to increase the chances of success. Three genes had been removed to reduce the risk of a human antibody rejecting the organ. A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation. And six human genes had been added to promote acceptance.
There are other concerns. One is any unknown rejection mechanism. Another is the possibility that the organ may pass viruses to its new host. The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.
In theory, pigs can be raised to provide humans with any solid organ, but some will be more complex than others. Moreover, even these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world’s demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.
1. What is the basic barrier to xenotransplantation?| A．The human body lacks alpha-Gal. |
| B．The human body resists foreign tissues. |
| C．The life of the transplanted organ is too short. |
| D．The enzyme is prevented from making alpha-Gal. |
| A．The human antibody refused it. |
| B．It would lead to heart enlargement. |
| C．The scientists had changed it too much. |
| D．It would make the heart less acceptable. |
| A．It saved the patient’s life perfectly. |
| B．Its organ passed no virus to the human. |
| C．It was raised in a virus-free environment. |
| D．Its total number of genes was decreased. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Worried. | C．Doubtful. | D．Confused. |
5 . Reflexology is a natural treatment dating back to ancient times. It is based on the idea that there are zones, or areas, in the feet and hands that are related to other parts and systems of the body. For example, the tips of the toes and fingers are related to the head and neck, and the ball of the foot is related to the heart and chest. A reflexologist applies pressure to specific areas in a patient’s feet and hands to relieve symptoms or pain in other related areas.
This type of treatment does not cure or diagnose specific health problems, and it does not involve any medicine or drugs. Yet many patients find that it successfully relieves symptoms of stress and disease. Reflexology is effective for pain, headaches, and sleeping difficulties, among other ilnesses. Applying pressure to the feet and hands relieves tension, improves blood circulation, and relaxes muscles. It promotes the natural, healthy functions and well-being of the entire body. Reflexology is often used along with other types of treatments, including conventional medicine.
This gentle therapy is safe and simple. A reflexologist’s only tools are his or her hands. Pressure is strong, but not uncomfortable. It’s not uncommon for patients to fall asleep during treatments.
A typical treatment session lasts one hour. Treatment is usually focused on the feet for most of the session. A patient is asked to remove his or her shoes and socks, to sit in a comfortable reclining chair, and then to relax as the reflexologist warms the patient’s feet with his or her hands and applies pressure to the appropriate parts of the foot. The last ten minutes of the session are dedicated to the hands.
After relieving specific problems, many patients continue a regular program of treatment to maintain good health. Some reflexologists suggest building at least a five- minute reflexology session into every day for long-term relief of stress and pain.
1. What is a reflexologist?| A．a scientist who studies reflexology practice. |
| B．a patient who receives reflexology treatment. |
| C．a person who provides reflexology treatment. |
| D．a person who supports the reflexology theory. |
| A．It can deal with problems with the feet. |
| B．It works wonderfully with some diseases. |
| C．It is often combined with other treatments. |
| D．Many people do it at least five minutes daily. |
| A．One hour. | B．Fifty minutes. | C．Ten minutes. | D．Half the time. |
| A．Chinese herbal therapy. | B．Spiritual healing method. |
| C．Traditional western medicine. | D．Chinese acupuncture (针灸). |
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she
Florence often helped her mother deliver food to the poor and sick. As she grew
In 1854, England
Reports of the sufferings of the wounded in the front created anger in Britain.
7 . Annissa Jobb, with a walking stick, went to the office of Riam Shammaa, a pain specialist in Toronto, in 2017. Jobb’s back pain first appeared about a decade earlier due to an undiagnosed herniated disc, which had pressed a nerve. As the pain worsened, Jobb clenched her teeth and tried to keep going. Now she was desperate for help. “I had a drawer full of pain medication. None of it was working.” said Jobb.
Historically, the treatment of such back pain has been less than ideal, sometimes causing patients to become addicted to painkillers or to undergo major surgery, which is suitable for only about 1 in 20 patients. Hunting for a solution beyond these limited options, Dr. Shammaa turned to stem cells—the building-block cells found in various tissues in adult bodies—which can generate a set of different cells. Specifically, he’d been studying bone marrow(骨髓)stem cells, and he invited Jobb to participate in a study with 23 other patients. He hoped that injecting(注射)the stem cells, known as MSCs, into the patient’s herniated disc would multiply and heal the damaged tissue.
The procedure took three and a half hours. It began with the collection of Jobb’s bone marrow—the most painful step—which was immediately distilled(蒸馏)and concentrated into bone marrow mixture, or BMAC, then injected into the discs. Guided by a special type of X-ray, Dr. Shammaa inserted a needle through Jobb’s spine to place the BMAC into the discs. Jobb remained awake for the entire procedure in order to alert Dr. Shammaa if he touched a nerve. Afterward, Jobb recovered in bed for two weeks and then, slowly, began to walk.
A month later she stepped swiftly into the clinic, a moment Dr. Shammaa recalled with delight. “While Jobb had previously described her pain as ‘beyond ten’, she says that it’s now a two.”
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．Annissa Jobb’s back pain experiences |
| B．The desperate situation of Annissa Jobb |
| C．The treatment of Annis Jobb’s illness |
| D．The cause for Annissa Jobb’s visit to a pain specialist |
| A．To introduce the process of the previous treatment |
| B．To explain the necessity of Dr. Shammaa’s research |
| C．To show the development of the treatment of back pain |
| D．To provide the supporting evidence for Dr. Shammaa’s research |
| A．They can function in any part of human bodies |
| B．They are able to help cells reproduce and recover |
| C．They will be injected into the tissues nearby herniated disc |
| D．They will be concentrated before collecting patients’s bone marrow |
| A．Jobb has a poor comment on her treatment. |
| B．Jobb has only two pain spots after the treatment. |
| C．Jobb’s back pain has been dramatically relieved. |
| D．Jobb’s back pain is evaluated more precisely than before. |
8 . On January 7, David Bennett went into the operating room at the University of Maryland Medical Center for a surgical procedure never performed before on a human. The 57-year-old Maryland resident had been hospitalized for months due to a life threatening disease. His heart was failing him and he needed a new one.
Bennett’s condition left him unresponsive to treatment and ineligible (不合格) for the transplant list or an artificial heart pump. The physician-scientists at the center, however, had another-also risky- option: transplant (移植) a heart from a genetically-modified pig.
“It was either die or do this transplant,” Bennett had told surgeons a day before the operation. “I want to live. I know it’s a shot in the dark, but it’s also my last choice.”
It took the medical team eight hours to finish the operation, making Bennett the first human to successfully receive a pig’s heart. “It’s working and it looks normal. We are thrilled, but we don’t know what tomorrow will bring us. This has never been done before,” Barkley Griffith, who led the transplant team, told the New York Times.
While it’s only been five days since the operation, the surgeons say that Bennett’s new pig heart was, so far, functioning as expected and his body wasn’t rejecting (排斥) the organ. They are still monitoring his condition closely.
“I think it’s extremely exciting,” says Robert Montgomery, transplant surgeon and director of the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, who was not involved in Bennett’s operation. The result of the procedure was also personally meaningful for Montgomery, who received a heart transplant in 2018 due to a genetic disease that may also affect members of his family in the future. “It’s still in the early days, but still the heart seems to be functioning. And that in and of itself is an extraordinary thing. Up to now most experimental heart transplant procedures have been done between pigs and other animals. This is the first time that surgeons have taken it into a living human.”
1. What do the words “a shot in the dark” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean?| A．Something that costs a fortune. |
| B．Something impossible to succeed. |
| C．Something drawing public attention. |
| D．Something with an uncertain outcome. |
| A．Negative. |
| B．Cautious. |
| C．Optimistic. |
| D．Uncaring. |
| A．The heated debate over the pig heart transplant. |
| B．David Bennett’s contribution to medical research. |
| C．The first experimental pig heart transplant in the world. |
| D．The first successful pig heart transplant into a living human. |
| A．Political Affairs. |
| B．Global Entertainment. |
| C．Sci-Tech Front. |
| D．Financial Window. |
9 . When I was in nursing school, I had to focus more on my studies than other aspects of life, and learn so much in a short amount of time. However, the clinical experience of nursing school allowed me to have the opportunity to put what I learned in my classes and readings into action.
One of my favorite experiences during my clinical training was when I had a patient who was first starting chemotherapy (化疗). My nursing instructor Marie told me that patients often experience an anaphylactic (过敏性的) reaction to the medicine when they first start chemotherapy, so it is important to give the medicine at a slower rate. Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient’s blood pressure, and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.
When I checked my patient a couple of minutes after starting his chemotherapy, I asked him questions related to an anaphylactic reaction. I also noticed his face was getting a little red and he looked short of breath. He mentioned having lower back pain, so I immediately stopped the chemotherapy, started taking his blood pressure, and reported it to Marie. His blood pressure was within his normal limits, so we gave him Benadryl via his IV. The Benadryl helped the patient, and we had the Benadryl running when we started his chemotherapy again, but at a slower rate. This time the patient did not have an anaphylactic reaction, and tolerated his chemotherapy well.
This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine. Marie and I taught our patient about the reactions he could have due to the chemotherapy; due to our teaching, our patient recognized his symptoms and was able to know that what he was experiencing was an expected reaction. During the clinical training, I had many experiences where I had to think on my feet and conduct nursing care quickly. These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.
1. Why did the author stop giving the patient chemotherapy?| A．He had high blood pressure. |
| B．He had a reaction to the medicine. |
| C．He failed to tolerate the back pain. |
| D．He refused to answer her questions. |
| A．Giving the patient immediate first aid. |
| B．Making adequate preparations in advance. |
| C．Assessing the effectiveness of the medicine. |
| D．Telling the patient the possible reactions of the medicine. |
| A．Rewarding. | B．Dangerous. |
| C．Interesting. | D．Painful. |
| A．To express gratitude to her instructor. |
| B．To encourage others to take up nursing. |
| C．To share her clinical training experience. |
| D．To stress the importance of medical treatment. |
10 . Prihardinni, from the Indonesian city of Surabaya, is amazed at how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM中医) has continued to develop since she began studying it a year ago.
When Prihardinni was 10 years old, she suffered from serious headaches. So, her mother took her to see a TCM doctor near their home. The doctor checked her pulse, examined her face and tongue, and wrote down a prescription(处方). After several weeks of drinking Chinese medicine, she didn’t have headaches any more.
“His medical skills were like magic,” Prihardinni recalled. The experience of being cured by TCM impressed her and it encouraged her to choose TCM study. Now, she is a freshman at the Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, which has thousands of years of history and widespread international popularity.
“TCM is becoming more and more popular worldwide and has become an important cultural symbol(象征) for China,” said Zhao Zhongting, a professor at the Gansu University of Chinese Medicine. “Many foreign students face difficulties in fully understanding the meaning and function of TCM medical terms because of cultural and language barriers,” Zhao said, adding that in order to help them, the university offers various training courses for freshmen, including chemistry, language study and Chinese medicine culture. Activities between local and international students, lectures and study tours are also provided to help students better understand the courses.
“More people in my country are becoming interested in TCM. Many social media(媒体) are sharing their experiences with Chinese medicine,” Prihardinni said, adding that she plans to return to her hometown after graduation and open a TCM clinic(诊所). “I want to tell my parents and friends that Chinese medicine is also a good and believable choice.”
1. Why did Prihardinni choose TCM study?| A．She is very interested in TCM. | B．TCM is a magical medical science. |
| C．She was forced by her mother. | D．TCM made her get well from illness. |
| A．Too many courses. | B．Chinese medicine cultures. |
| C．Difficult medical terms. | D．Cultural and language barriers. |
| A．Learning TCM has become a fashion. |
| B．TCM will be accepted by more foreigners. |
| C．Pribardinni plans to be a TCM doctor in China. |
| D．Many people want to share their learning experiences. |
| A．TCM Has Become More and More Important. |
| B．TCM Is a Well-accepted Course in Universities. |
| C．TCM Becomes Popular among Foreign Students. |
| D．TCM Is Hard for Foreign Students to Understand. |
