1 . A high school soccer player leaps into the air, hits the ball with his head and directs it to a teammate. Amid today’s growing awareness surrounding head injuries in sports, would wearing helmets protect the teen and prevent a possible concussion(脑震荡)?

Almost not. Two top doctors who specialize in sports helmet injuries—Dr. James Robinson and Dr. Larry Lemak, founders of Lemak Sports Medicine, said that there was no good scientific evidence that helmets could reduce the rate of concussion. Both of them regarded proper training, not helmets, as the best concussion prevention for soccer players.

That doesn’t mean there’s no need to worry about soccer concussions. For boys soccer, concussions accounted for 23 percent of all game injuries and 10 percent of all practice injuries, according to the study. For girls soccer, the study found concussions accounted for 36 percent of game injuries and 31 percent of practice injuries.

Knowing that, why isn’t a helmet useful? Isn’t some protection better than none at all? The doctors outlined several reasons helmets provide little protection.

First, wearing a helmet makes the head heavier. A heavier upper part may be more dangerous to the beginners. Secondly—and perhaps most importantly for girls, whose neck muscles are often weaker than boys—a helmet makes the head heavier. Imagine a top-heavy head, Robinson said, which increases the risk of falls. Since girls already face a heightened concussion risk, helmets could be especially dangerous for them. Lastly wearing helmets often gives teens a false sense of security. When helmets were matedated(授权)in hockey, head injuries increased ”because they felt unbeatable. “Sometimes the kids wearing helmets are more daring,said Chad Harrelson, boys soccer coach at St. PauPs in Mobile, ‘”because they think they have that added layer of protection.,,

Both coaches and doctors agree on three main ways to prevent soccer concussions. Firstly, learn proper rules and follow norms. Players who understand soccer’s rules and behave themselves are less likely to put themselves in harm’s way. Secondly, promote proper technique. Ifs important to have players know where other players are positioned. This reduces contact and can prevent head-to-head collisions or other dangerous situations. Thirdly, strengthen neck muscles which can protect both your necks and heads.

1. What can we learn from the words of two top doctors?

A．High quality helmets are a wise choice.

B．Athletes need wear helmets.

C．Science is on the side of helmets.

D．Helmets provide little protection.

2. The data in paragraph 3 serves as an evidence to show________.

A．training is the best prevention

B．how girls players get injured

C．boys are more likely to be hurt in training

D．why concussion should be concerned about

3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．Why helmets are useless.	B．How helmets work.
C．What causes head injuries.	D．Whom helmets are fit for.

4. What does the underlined word “norms” in the last paragraph mean?

A．The early examples.	B．The set standards.
C．The suggestions of the athletes.	D．The ways of using helmets.