1 . Up to one fifth of the Amazon rainforest is emitting more carbon dioxide (CO₂), than it absorbs, new research suggests. Results from a decade-long study of greenhouse gases over the Amazon rainforest appear to show around 20% of the total area has become a net source of CO₂ in the atmosphere. One of the main causes is deforestation. While trees are growing, they absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere; dead trees release it again. However, the fact is that millions of trees have been lost to logging and fires in recent years.

The results of the study, which have not yet been published, have implications for the effort to combat climate change. They suggest that the Amazon rainforest, a vital carbon “store”, or “sink”, that slows the pace of global warming may be turning into a carbon source faster than previously thought. Every two weeks for the past 10 years, a team of scientists led by Professor Luciana Gatti, a researcher at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE), has been measuring greenhouse gases by flying aircraft fitted with sensors over different parts of the Amazon basin. What the group found was startling: while most of the rainforest still retains its ability to absorb large quantities of CO₂ — especially in wetter years — one portion of the forest, which is especially heavily deforested, appears to have lost that capacity.

Gatti’s research suggests this south-eastern part of the forest, about 20% of the total area, has become a carbon source. “Each year is worse,” she told Newsnight. “We observed that this area in the south-east is an important source of carbon. And it doesn’t matter whether it is a wet year or a dry year. 2017 was a wet year, but it didn’t make any difference.”

A forest can become a source of carbon rather than a “store”, or “sink”, when trees die and emit carbon into the atmosphere. Areas of deforestation also contribute to the Amazon’s inability to absorb carbon.

Carlos Nobre, who co-authored Prof Gatti’s study, called the observation “very worrying” because “it could be showing the beginnings of a major tipping point”. He believes the new findings suggest that in the next 30 years, more than half of the Amazon could transform from rainforest into savanna (稀树草原).

1. Which of the following might Professor Luciana Gatti agree with?

A．Most of the Amazon rainforest absorbs more CO2 in wetter years.

B．The Amazon rainforest is on its way to becoming the biggest source of carbon.

C．Deforested areas tend to perform better in terms of absorbing carbon in dry years.

D．The Amazon rainforest has completely lost its ability to slow the pace of global warming.

2. What does the underlined word probably mean?

A．Striking.

B．Convincing.

C．Confusing.

D．Disgusting.

3. What part of the Amazon rainforest has lost most trees?

A．Northeastern.

B．Southwestern.

C．Southeastern.

D．Northwestern.

4. What might be talked about in the following paragraph? ______

A．Other worrying phenomena about the Amazon.

B．More explanations for the “Amazon tipping point”.

C．Other peopled opinions on effects of deforestation.

D．Comparison between old findings and new ones.

2 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

As is known by us, our government is trying to make our city the National Civilized City at present. We hope we can also do our best to help realize this goal.

First of all, we should mind our words and deeds and become civilized citizens. Always remember to say “Please” and “Thanks” and don’t talk and laugh loudly in public. Seen people in trouble, we might as well to lend them a helping hand. In addition, be civilized pedestrians. We must observe traffic rules and never cross the streets before the traffic lights are red. At same time, keeping our environment cleanly is also advisable, it means we shouldn’t litter or spit in public places. Only by starting with the little things around us we make a great difference to our city image.

Let’s take measure now and make joint efforts to make our city more civilized.

4 . Wolves once ranged over most of North America. But they were nearly wiped out by the early 20th century in the neighbor U. S. by widespread hunting and trapping. Much of them were funded by government , and only a small population were hanging on in the Great Lakes region. They were put on the Endangered Species List in the 1970s, and in 1995 and 1996 the federal government reintroduced wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Idaho. But wolves still don’t have stable numbers in Colorado. Voters narrowly(勉强地)approved a proposal, giving the way for gray wolves to be reintroduced into Colorado, where they nearly died out by the 1940s.

Colorado Parks and Wildlife will lead the effort to establish a sustainable (可持续的)population of the animals in the western part of the state, beginning in 2022 or 2023. The Southern Rocky Mountains contain millions of acres of suitable habitat land that could support several hundred wolves or more, biologists say.

Those who were against the proposal admitted they lost, but the vote was close. As of Thursday afternoon, with 90 percent of the votes in, there were 1,495,523 votes for and 1,475,235 against.   “Reintroducing wolves will help thin out sick animals, keeping healthy populations of deer, and thus protecting the grass and reducing erosion (土壤侵蚀). ”says Jonathan Proctor.

People in rural areas are against the reintroduction proposal, including farmers, who worry that wolves will kill their cattle. Many don’t agree to leave the question of reintroduction to voters.

Supporters point to the successful reintroduction of wolves to the Northern Rockies in the 1990s, where only one in 10, 000 cattle in wolf-occupied counties is killed by the hunters, Proctor says. The Colorado proposal will also fund a program to make up for the farm animals being killed.

1. What’s the function of Paragraph 1?

A．Finding typical examples.

B．Introducing wildlife research.

C．Giving the reason for the proposal.

D．Discussing the numbers about migration.

2. The local farmers are against the reintroduction proposal because they think the wolves will ___________.

A．kill their cattle	B．cause erosion
C．thin out sick animals	D．protect the grass

3. What is the purpose of reintroducing wolves?

A．To increase the farmers’ interests.

B．To keep Colorado’s natural balance.

C．To contribute to gradual soil erosion.

D．To cause concern about the climate change.

4. What will the local farmers get from the proposal?

A．Suggestions from biologists.

B．Extra fund for losing farm animals.

C．Knowledge of raising farm animals.

D．The right to reclaim their valuable land.

5 . 假设你是某中学的学生李华，最近参加了学校的“低碳生活社”。现在请根据社团有关章程，用英语写一封电子邮件给你的美国好友Jack，介绍你们社团及其活动情况。提示：

社团名称	低碳生活社
社团宗旨	低碳生活，从我做起
成员义务	衣：衣着朴素，收集旧衣赠灾区人民 食：在饭堂吃饭时按量取食，吃天然或简单包装食品 住：少用空调，使用节能灯，循环用水、纸张等 行：步行、骑自行车或使用公共交通工具 玩：选择能源消耗少的娱乐，如爬山、游泳、打球等

注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2.词数不少于100(开头已给出，但不计入总词数)。
Dear Jack,

How have you been? I’m glad to tell you that I have recently joined the “Low-carbon Living Club” in our school.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Truly,

Li Hua

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A material can be really special when it was named after the place where it     1     (create) originally. That’s certainly the case with “China”. And of all     2     (type) of China, white porcelain (瓷) is among the most famous.

Nowadays, the     3     (tradition) material has taken on a modern look in the     4     (hand) of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition. And the key word here is “modern”. One of the works     5     (be) a porcelain boat. But look     6     (attentive) and you will see that the boat     7     (build) with porcelain looks like a takeout box. Inside the boat is a statue of a baby. The baby stands     8     humans and the boat is what supports life. It suggests we may have done some damage to     9     environment and that we’re treating life like fast food.

All the four artists gave white porcelain a model style, each in their own way. And this is what the exhibition’s theme comes from. It’s a dialogue between the past     10     the present.

7 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Thursday, we have had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our autumn trip. We came up with several choices such as going boating, climbing a mountain, and going to park. Finally, we decided to go mountain climbing. The next day, we left to the mountain early in the morning. While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful sceneries. However, when we reached the top, we were shocking to see rubbish here and there, such as bottles and banana peels. We felt sadly that many tourists didn’t take good care of nature. Soon, they started to pick them up. With all the rubbish putting in the rubbish bin, the place looked many more beautiful than before. When we came back, it was 5:30 in the afternoon. We were tired and happy.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists in Antarctica have made a surprising and welcome     1     (discover) — the world’s largest breeding ground for fish. Researchers from Germany came across the fish while     2     (make) a map of the seabed of the Antarctic Weddell Sea. They found around 60 million ice-fish breeding in an area about 240 square kilometers. The research team had been setting down a number of     3     (camera) to a depth of 530 meters under the Wed-dell Sea for months. “Such a huge breeding area of ice-fish in the Weddell Sea was     4     (previous) undiscovered, and it is totally attractive,” said Autun Purser,     5     deep-sea biologist.

The researchers have been exploring the region hoping     6     (establish) it as an official Marine Protected Area. They say the seas are a unique habitat that must     7     (preserve). They want to keep fishing and some other scientific research from     8     (pollute) the waters. A recent University of Cambridge study found that fishing in Antarctica is bringing millions of other species from 1,500 ports around the globe,     9     are threatening the area’s special eco-system. Antun said, “So far, the remoteness and difficult sea-ice conditions of Antarctica have protected it, but we must keep     10     mind that we should be very careful with oceanic conservation.”