1 . Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new trends growing all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?
“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet someone. Within five minutes they have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?
Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学), says the more details people uncover, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could really be.
However, Dr. Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become-only if the posts that we share are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense-if your date is going “that well”, would you really have time to share a photo with text?
So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.
1. What does the underlined word “exclusive” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Unique. | B.Similar. | C.Relevant | D.Distinct. |
A.To draw others’ attention. | B.To satisfy others’ curiosity. |
C.To remove negative feelings. | D.To develop good relationships. |
A.Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy. |
B.Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help. |
C.Oversharing isn’t likely to happen online when things go wrong. |
D.Sharing negative posts can’t help one become socially attractive. |
A.Reflecting on past bad manners. | B.Showing a great many expensive goods. |
C.Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast. | D.Recording unforgettable moments with friends. |
1. Which country’s experts suggest bowing when meeting during the outbreak?
A.China. | B.America. | C.Qatar. |
A.Shaking hands. | B.Kissing on the cheek. | C.Waving hands. |
A.People are encouraged to shake hands when they meet. |
B.People are encouraged to choose to kiss anyone they like. |
C.People should give each other a pat on the back when meeting. |
A.The change of table manners in different countries. |
B.The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on greeting manners. |
C.The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on national economies. |
1. 你的看法;
2. 原因(2 点);
3. 恰当的结尾。
注意:1. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
2. 100 词左右;信件的开头已提供,不计入总字数。
3. 参考词汇:压岁钱 lucky money
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to share my opinion about
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Yours,
Li Hua
4 . It’s nothing new that you can find many files or services you can download or use from the Internet. The question is: Is downloading legal or not? In most cases the answer is negative. Of course, you can find files for legal downloading, but you have to pay for them.
It seems innocent if you click on the download mark, but it isn’t. It should be compared with stealing in a store. Would you steal a magazine, an MP3 player or a car? Downloading from the Internet is a then, and sharing files, once you have stolen them, only makes it worse.
Many people may think it better, easier and cheaper to do downloading. I think, that is the main reason why Internet users prefer sharing something to buying them. In the modern world we love convenience and what could be more convenient than getting music, films and games without having to leave your house? However, you could be in big trouble if you are caught. But so far only a tiny amount of people have been charged for downloading illegally. The majority of people who download illegally, and use the files for their personal use, will not get in trouble. And that’s why it’s important for people to understand what the long-term consequences are if they don’t want to pay for their music, films and TV. Will film and music companies still spend millions of pounds every year if they have no chance of making a profit? The answer is plainly “no”.
Finally I would like to say that the Internet offers a lot of services for money, but people will always try to get them for free. To summarize my thoughts, I’d like to highlight that illegal downloading is both unfair towards producers and dangerous for those who practice this kind of activity. You have to decide whether to buy or download.
1. Many people download files free from the Internet because _________.A.they follow others’ examples to do such things |
B.they don’t think they may be charged by the producer |
C.they think everything on the Net can be shared by others |
D.they think it is legal, convenient and easy |
A.Downloading helps movies become more popular. |
B.Downloading free files is as illegal as stealing. |
C.Sharing files on the Internet is dangerous. |
D.Sharing files on the Internet can make a profit. |
A.He advises readers to download legal files. |
B.He asks readers to limit the amount of free downloading. |
C.He wants to make it clear that downloading for free is against the law. |
D.He tells readers how to avoid being charged for downloading. |
5 . Weird. That's what Kelvin felt when he signed a prenuptial agreement years ago with his then girlfriend. According to the agreement, the ownership of the house would go to the wife if the couple divorced, because the wife's parents had paid the down payment for the house.
"My friends think it's unfair to me, but I think it's okay," Kelvin said. "I feel more comfortable now looking at a what-if scenario to save future troubles."
In China, most people are unwilling to sign a prenuptial agreement. But overseas Chinese are showing a different attitude. According to a recent survey, 70 percent of overseas Chinese participants, mainly living in the US, said it is necessary to sign prenuptial agreements, commonly known as "prenups", before tying the knot. The survey covering 1,084 people was conducted by a Los Angeles-based dating company "2RedBeans" through the company's mobile app. The company said it has more than 1 million registered users, half of them based in the US, and the rest in Canada. Australia and other countries.
"It shows that the attitude of overseas Chinese toward marriage has been influenced by Western values over the past decade," said a co-founder of 2RedBeans. In China, more often than not, a prenup is considered to indicate distrust between a couple and the lack of faith in marriage.
US family law attorneys, however, have been promoting the concept of prenups, saying they have many advantages, from protecting the assets(资产)brought into the marriage by one party to saving the other party from debt. For instance, an outspoken advocate of prenups, also a divorce lawyer, Kelly Rickert has gained popularity for sharing family court stories on TikTok. The rights and obligations related to marriage vary from state to state in the US. "So if you get married without drawing up your own terms and conditions, you are by default(默认)submitting to your state's law," Rickert said in a TikTok video, "Prenups are especially important in a community property state such as California, where all assets and debts acquired after marriage shall be shared by both parties," she said.
One of her recent clients(客户)was lucky to have a prenup which allowed her to keep her property separate from the debt of her late husband, who had ran up "astronomical" amounts of medical bills before he died of COVID-19. "Had they not had a prenup stating that the debt be attributed to the party who acquired it, the medical debt would have been shared and she would have had to pay it." Rickert said. By contrast, she showed pity in a video for another female client who didn't want a prenup so she could get half of her husband's successful business in the case of divorce. But by the time they separated, the business had almost reached bankruptcy point, making her obliged to pay half of the debt.
This might be one of the reasons why many overseas Chinese are attaching importance to prenups. Overseas Chinese living in North America are generally high-income earners and come from middle-class families, so they more easily accept prenups, especially those under 30 years old, who are more likely to value financial independence and consider prenups necessary.
1. Which of the following statements is true about the survey?A.The survey was lately conducted among Chinese people living in the US, |
B.A majority of people surveyed hold a favorable attitude towards prenups. |
C.A company with branch offices all over the world carried out the survey, |
D.Over 1 million people were surveyed through the company's mobile app. |
A.an account of how things may happen |
B.a situation where people are in conflict |
C.an accident causing a lot of damage |
D.an outline of what will happen in a film |
A.Young overseas Chinese with high incomes won't attach importance to signing a prenup. |
B.The rights and obligations related to marriage vary among states in the United States. |
C.Kelly Rickert would like to recommend her TikTok followers to draw up prenups. |
D.In California, debts acquired after marriage won't be shared by a couple with a prenup. |
A.To compare different attitudes toward marriage. |
B.To appeal to overseas Chinese to value prenups. |
C.To inform people of a trend among overseas Chinese. |
D.To explain the pros and cons of a trendy lifestyle abroad. |
6 . Decision hard
From the moment we wake up each day, we’re faced with a continuous stream of choices.
When decision fatigue kicks in, you may feel like you just don’t have the mental bandwidth to deal with more decisions.
Here’s how to minimize or manage this phenomenon:
Tune into how you’re feeling. Be watchful of signs of decision fatigue and act accordingly: If you’ve had a demanding day that was filled with lots of decisions, put off making another one if you can. If things that wouldn’t normally upset you start bothering you, consider that a sign that you may not be in the best state of mind to make a major decision. “People may not realize that they’re experiencing decision fatigue,” Baumeister, a professor of psychology at the University of Queensland in Australia, says. “
A.Make some choices automatic |
B.It’s something to watch out for |
C.They should turn to the experts for advice |
D.Put down what you have in hand and take a break from them |
E.This can lead to decisional disfunction or decreased self-control |
F.If you like having oatmeal for breakfast, stick with it on a daily basis |
G.We tend to feel overwhelmed, anxious, stressed or otherwise out of sorts |
7 . You know the saying “You’re as young as you feel.” Well, there may be some truth to that, according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Ellen Langer, a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body, and his colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a person’s perception (感知) of their age might influence their health. They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science.
In one study that Langer led, 47 women had their hair done. The women who thought their new hairdos made them look younger did look younger to objective observers, who were shown before-and-after pictures. The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure. Another study involving 4, 421 men found that those who became bald at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not. Similarly, another study involving 2, 017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease. “We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one’s real age account for some of these health outcomes,” the researchers wrote.
The researchers also described studies that found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early, which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women. Similarly, people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners, according to other studies.
Taken together, the research “supports the general mind-body hypothesis (假说) that when a younger mind is prepared, a younger body can accompany it.” While the mechanism remains unclear, the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can “make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and trigger a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health.”
1. What’s the author’s attitude towards the research results?A.Negative. | B.Objective. | C.Supportive. | D.Indifferent. |
A.Blood pressure is highly related to hairdos. |
B.Getting cancer or heart disease is the result of baldness. |
C.Feeling older than real age may be tied to health problems. |
D.The women who love hairdos look younger than those who don’t. |
A.often staying with younger people benefits health |
B.the younger one of a couple lives much longer |
C.a younger mother is more likely to live longer |
D.people who want to live longer need to marry |
A.getting bald too early is not good for health |
B.women had better give birth later in their life |
C.feeling younger between a couple is very important to their health |
D.people’s feeling of their age may have an effect on their own health |
1. Where are the two speakers?
A.In the USA. | B.In Europe. | C.In China. |
A.The government hasn’t realized its importance. |
B.The people don’t think the government can do it better. |
C.The government hasn’t paid enough money for it. |
A.Expensive. | B.Unnecessary. | C.Important. |
9 . Obesity (肥胖症) is becoming a problem in our busy society, and almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese. Children obesity is also at an all-time high.
Obesity means being very overweight. If you are obese, you have too much body fat. If you eat more food than your body can use, this will make you put on weight. Food that your body does not need will be stored as fat by your body.
The following are the major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
What you eat plays a major role in weight gain. Eating a lot of fast food such as hamburgers, sweet drinks, ice creams and other sweet food can increase the risk of becoming obese.
If you do not do enough exercise, you will put on weight as the food you eat is not being used to make energy for physical activities.
The chances of you being obese are greater if your parents are obese.
There are many psychological factors that cause people to eat too much. People who are worried, unhappy or bored will often eat to make themselves feel better. This is known as comfort eating.
Age is another factor, as you tend (趋于) to be less active when you get older. When you get older, you need to eat less, and if you do not eat less, you will put on weight. Obesity can cause many health problems such as heart problems, high blood pressure and many other serious medical conditions.
1. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means that ____.A.obesity does not do harm to health. |
B.there are more obese children than before. |
C.all the American children are obese. |
D.there are less obese children in the USA. |
A.three | B.four | C.five | D.six |
A.How to avoid obesity. |
B.How to live in the busy USA. |
C.What illnesses are caused by obesity. |
D.How doctors treat heart problems. |
10 . Heaven is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians."
Obviously the national stereotypes in this old joke are generalizations(普遍化), but such stereotypes are often said to "exist for a reason". Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says.
"National and cultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people see themselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing," said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. "These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They don't come from looking around you," McCrae said.
If national stereotypes aren't rooted in real experiences, then where do they come from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may become known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the Old West.
Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.
We may be "hard-wired", to some degree, to keep incorrect stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather than typical national or cultural groups.
1. The stereotype about Italians is________.A.strict but thoughtful | B.friendly and good-tempered |
C.dreamy and impractical | D.romantic but disorganized |
A.they are formed by individual historians |
B.what was true in the past may not be true at the present |
C.generalizations are made through personal experience |
D.people tend to have false idea about other cultures |
A.interesting | B.harmful | C.humorous | D.unreliable |
A.forgetful | B.changeable | C.fixed | D.helpless |