牛津译林版 2020 必修一
Unit3 Grammar and usage 课中
关系代词引导的定语从句
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关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句的概述
限制性定语从句指修饰名词,代词或名词短语的从句,对所修饰的对象加以限制。从句不可去掉,一旦去掉主句意思则不完整。被修饰的名词,代词或名词短语称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词,关系词包含关系代词和关系副词。
二、关系代词的用法
关系代词替代指人和物的先行词并在主语从句中充当主语,宾语,定语等成分。常用的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。
关系代词 | 先行词 | 关系代词在定语从句中充当句子的成分 | 例句 | 注意 |
who | 指人 | 主语或宾语 | Here comes the boy who has been looking for you for a while. He wants to find the kid who he met yesterday. | 作宾语时一般可省略 |
whom | 指人 | 宾语 | Jimmy is the person whom you need to respect. Many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on a diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous. | 可省略也可用who代替,若whom前有介词,则不能用who代替。 |
whose | 指人或物 | 定语 | They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. | |
which | 一般指物 | 主语或宾语 | China is a country which has a long history. | 作宾语时一般可省略 |
that | 指人或物 | 主语,宾语或表语 | The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. | 作宾语时一般可省略,指人时一般可用who代替,指物一般用which代替。 |
哪些情况用that不用which;哪些情况用who/ whom 不用that
用that不用which | 具体细节 | 例句 |
先行词是anything, everything, something等不定代词时 | She told me everything that she knew. |
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 | The is the most exciting game that I’ve seen. |
先行词被only, much, little, some等词修饰时 | He was the only one that could help us at the moment. |
用who/ whom不用that | 当先行词是one, anyone, anybody, everyone, someone, somebody等,或先行词为指人的those时,定语从句多用who引导 | The students you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies. |
三、 定语从句中的主谓一致问题
关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
Amy is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who wears evening dress.
解析:当the only one of + 可数名词复数为先行词时,定语从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。
四、练习
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选择题
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